Title: Potential for using Clinoptilolite Zeolites for Ammonia-N Transfer and Retention in Integrated Aquaculture Systems
1Aquaculture 2004 Honolulu, HI 4 March
2004
Potential for using Clinoptilolite Zeolites for
Ammonia-N Transfer and Retention in Integrated
Aquaculture Systems by
Christopher F. Knud-Hansen, SolarBee/Pump
Systems, Inc., Colorado, USA Yuan Derun,
Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani,
Thailand Yang Yi, Asian Institute of
Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
Ted R. Batterson, Michigan State University,
Michigan, USA
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8Research Objectives
- Assess the potential of crushed clinoptilolite
zeolite to - transfer ammonia-N from animal manures to ponds,
- moderate ammonia-N concentrations in fertilized
ponds, and - remove ammonia-N from discharged pond water.
9Experiments
- 1. Bucket experiments (using clinoptilolite in
mesh bags) - a) ammonia absorption agitation versus
non-agitation - b) algal growth versus ammonia-N conc. in
clinoptilolite - 2. Tank experiments (using bags soaked in swine
manure) - Nile tilapia growth versus of bags
- moderate ammonia-N concentrations (not soaked)
- absorb ammonia-N from discharged pond water
101 kg bag of crushed (2-4 mm) clinoptilolite
zeolite
11Swine manure
.. and flush
Chicken manure
12Figure 1.
Total ammonia-N (TAN) absorption by
clinoptilolite versus time of immersion in
chicken or swine manure with without agitation
13Figure 2.
Log total ammonia-N (TAN) absorption by
clinoptilolite versus log time of immersion in
swine manure without agitation
14Figure 3.
Initial total ammonia-N (TAN) concentration in
clinoptilolite versus algal growth
15Bucket Experiment Results
- Clinoptilolite absorbed
1.91 g N (from NH4Cl) per kg
clinoptilolite 0.43 g N (from swine
or chicken manure) per kg - Ammonia absorption was logarithmic, with most
absorption occurring within first 2 days. - Agitation improved ammonia absorption from
chicken manure, but no effect with swine manure. - Algae are able to use N adsorbed to
clinoptilolite.
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21One week later .
22Tank Experiment Tilapia Growth
Treatment
Daily Wt. Gain of CZ bags Manure TSP1
Urea2 (g d-1 fish-1 se) 2 Y
Y 0.62 0.11 3
Y Y 0.83 0.09 4 Y
Y 0.97 0.37 2 Y Y 0.62
0.09 3 Y Y 0.51 0.09 4
Y Y 0.62 0.12 0 Y Y 0.47
0.08 1 10 kg P ha-1 wk -1 2 30 kg N
ha-1 wk-1
23Figure 4. (tank study)
Number of manure-soaked bags of
clinoptilolite/tank versus mean fish weight
24Figure 5 (tank study)
Number of manure-soaked bags of
clinoptilolite/tank versus mean DO at dawn
25Tank Experiment Total
Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN)
Treatment
TAN of CZ bags Manure TSP1
Urea2 (mg L-1 se) 2 Y
Y 0.01 0.01 3 Y
Y 0.31 0.08 4 Y
Y 0.37 0.12 2 Y Y 1.34
0.20 3 Y Y 1.41 0.19 4
Y Y 1.19 0.19 0 Y Y 1.40
0.16 1 10 kg P ha-1 wk -1 2 30 kg N
ha-1 wk-1
26Tank Experiment Results
- Tilapia NFY increased (P lt 0.05) with increasing
number of clinoptilolite bags soaked in swine
manure. - Tilapia survival higher (96.7) in tanks with
bags with manure versus in tanks with bags
without manure (83.7). - DO decreased (P lt 0.001) with increasing number
of clinoptilolite bags soaked in swine manure. - Clinoptilolite bags were not able moderate
ammonia concentrations in tanks. - Clinoptilolite bags were not able to effectively
remove ammonia from discharged pond water.
27Economic Analysis
Material Costs clinoptilolite 0.13/k
g mesh bag 0.11/bag 1 kg of useable
Nitrogen Costs clinoptilolite 325.00
urea 0.32 Therefore, it would take 1000
reuses of clinoptilolite bags to equal cost of
urea-N
28Conclusions
- 0.4 g manure-N was absorbed per kg clinoptilolite
(less than the 1.9 g/kg theoretical maximum). - Tilapia raised on manure-enhanced clinoptilolite
had higher growth rates and survival than
controls. - Clinoptilolite additions were not able to
moderate ammonia-N concentrations in ponds
without manure. - Economics do not (yet) encourage incorporating
clinoptilolite into integrated aquaculture.
29Many thanks to.
- Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA - Dept. of Aquaculture Aquatic Resource
Management School of Environment, Research
Development Asian Institute of
Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand - Dept. of Fisheries Wildlife
Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI, USA