Potential for using Clinoptilolite Zeolites for Ammonia-N Transfer and Retention in Integrated Aquaculture Systems

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Aquaculture 2004 Honolulu, HI 4 March
2004
Potential for using Clinoptilolite Zeolites for
Ammonia-N Transfer and Retention in Integrated
Aquaculture Systems by
Christopher F. Knud-Hansen, SolarBee/Pump
Systems, Inc., Colorado, USA Yuan Derun,
Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani,
Thailand Yang Yi, Asian Institute of
Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
Ted R. Batterson, Michigan State University,
Michigan, USA
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Research Objectives

• Assess the potential of crushed clinoptilolite
  zeolite to
• transfer ammonia-N from animal manures to ponds,
• moderate ammonia-N concentrations in fertilized
  ponds, and
• remove ammonia-N from discharged pond water.

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Experiments

• 1. Bucket experiments (using clinoptilolite in
  mesh bags)
• a) ammonia absorption agitation versus
  non-agitation
• b) algal growth versus ammonia-N conc. in
  clinoptilolite
• 2. Tank experiments (using bags soaked in swine
  manure)
• Nile tilapia growth versus of bags
• moderate ammonia-N concentrations (not soaked)
• absorb ammonia-N from discharged pond water

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1 kg bag of crushed (2-4 mm) clinoptilolite
zeolite
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Swine manure
.. and flush
Chicken manure
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Figure 1.
Total ammonia-N (TAN) absorption by
clinoptilolite versus time of immersion in
chicken or swine manure with without agitation
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Figure 2.
Log total ammonia-N (TAN) absorption by
clinoptilolite versus log time of immersion in
swine manure without agitation
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Figure 3.
Initial total ammonia-N (TAN) concentration in
clinoptilolite versus algal growth
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Bucket Experiment Results

1. Clinoptilolite absorbed
   1.91 g N (from NH4Cl) per kg
   clinoptilolite 0.43 g N (from swine
   or chicken manure) per kg
2. Ammonia absorption was logarithmic, with most
   absorption occurring within first 2 days.
3. Agitation improved ammonia absorption from
   chicken manure, but no effect with swine manure.
4. Algae are able to use N adsorbed to
   clinoptilolite.

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One week later .
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Tank Experiment Tilapia Growth
Treatment
Daily Wt. Gain of CZ bags Manure TSP1
Urea2 (g d-1 fish-1 se) 2 Y
Y 0.62 0.11 3
Y Y 0.83 0.09 4 Y
Y 0.97 0.37 2 Y Y 0.62
0.09 3 Y Y 0.51 0.09 4
Y Y 0.62 0.12 0 Y Y 0.47
0.08 1 10 kg P ha-1 wk -1 2 30 kg N
ha-1 wk-1
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Figure 4. (tank study)
Number of manure-soaked bags of
clinoptilolite/tank versus mean fish weight
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Figure 5 (tank study)
Number of manure-soaked bags of
clinoptilolite/tank versus mean DO at dawn
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Tank Experiment Total
Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN)
Treatment
TAN of CZ bags Manure TSP1
Urea2 (mg L-1 se) 2 Y
Y 0.01 0.01 3 Y
Y 0.31 0.08 4 Y
Y 0.37 0.12 2 Y Y 1.34
0.20 3 Y Y 1.41 0.19 4
Y Y 1.19 0.19 0 Y Y 1.40
0.16 1 10 kg P ha-1 wk -1 2 30 kg N
ha-1 wk-1
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Tank Experiment Results

1. Tilapia NFY increased (P lt 0.05) with increasing
   number of clinoptilolite bags soaked in swine
   manure.
2. Tilapia survival higher (96.7) in tanks with
   bags with manure versus in tanks with bags
   without manure (83.7).
3. DO decreased (P lt 0.001) with increasing number
   of clinoptilolite bags soaked in swine manure.
4. Clinoptilolite bags were not able moderate
   ammonia concentrations in tanks.
5. Clinoptilolite bags were not able to effectively
   remove ammonia from discharged pond water.

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Economic Analysis
Material Costs clinoptilolite 0.13/k
g mesh bag 0.11/bag 1 kg of useable
Nitrogen Costs clinoptilolite 325.00
urea 0.32 Therefore, it would take 1000
reuses of clinoptilolite bags to equal cost of
urea-N
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Conclusions

1. 0.4 g manure-N was absorbed per kg clinoptilolite
   (less than the 1.9 g/kg theoretical maximum).
2. Tilapia raised on manure-enhanced clinoptilolite
   had higher growth rates and survival than
   controls.
3. Clinoptilolite additions were not able to
   moderate ammonia-N concentrations in ponds
   without manure.
4. Economics do not (yet) encourage incorporating
   clinoptilolite into integrated aquaculture.

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Many thanks to.

• Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture CRSP
  
  Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
• Dept. of Aquaculture Aquatic Resource
  Management School of Environment, Research
  Development Asian Institute of
  Technology, Pathumthani, Thailand
• Dept. of Fisheries Wildlife
  Michigan State
  University, East Lansing, MI, USA