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Cardiovascular Disease

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Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Disease Diseases of the heart and blood vessel system Heart disease is #1 killer in the United States, stroke #4 (CDC ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Cardiovascular Disease


1
Cardiovascular Disease
2
Cardiovascular Disease
  • Diseases of the heart and blood vessel system
  • Heart disease is 1 killer in the United States,
    stroke 4 (CDC)
  • Washington State (CDC)
  • Cardiovascular disease also contributes to
    mortality across the globe (NationMaster.com)
  • WHO the burden of heart disease and stroke

3
Cardiovascular Disease
  • Many different terms
  • Conditions are frequently related

4
Hypertension
  • A measure of the force blood exerts against the
    walls of arteries
  • Systole - pressure when heart contracts
  • Diastole - pressure when heart relaxes
  • What is blood pressure?
  • Blood pressure assessment
  • Hypertension high blood pressure

5
Why Does Hypertension Matter?
  • Hypertension damages inner lining of artery
  • Artery bleeds
  • Injured area clots, can accumulate plaque
  • Animation

6
Atherosclerosis
  • Plaque buildup within an artery or arteries
  • A normal artery allows room for blood to flow
  • An atherosclerotic artery has plaque buildup as a
    result of damage to the blood vessel
  • An artery becomes damaged
  • High blood pressure
  • Smoking
  • Vessel bleeds, forms clot, accumulates plaque
  • Calcium, fibrin, cholesterol

7
Thrombus and Embolus
  • When a blood clot or other foreign body in a
    blood vessel (thrombus) prevents blood delivery,
    the human tissue needing the blood delivery can
    be damaged
  • When a blood clot or piece of plaque breaks off
    of its origin and travels through the blood
    vessel system (embolus), human tissue can be
    damaged
  • Can occur in arteries and veins

8
Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction
  • When atherosclerosis occurs in the coronary
    arteries supplying blood to the heart, the
    condition is labeled coronary artery disease
    (CAD)
  • CAD can cause a myocardial infarction (heart
    attack through 137)

9
Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Infarction
  • Coronary artery occlusion
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Coronary artery plaque may not completely halt
    blood flow but instead reduce it ischemia
  • Blood flow reduction to bodys tissues
  • Angina (chest pain or pressure) may result when
    ischemia occurs in the heart

10
Stroke
  • When a blockage occurs in the brain, reduced
    blood flow can cause a stroke

11
Arrhythmia
  • Normal rhythm sinus rhythm
  • SA node, AV node, bundle branches
  • Too fast tachycardia
  • Too slow bradycardia
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Variation from normal sinus rhythm
  • Supraventricular tachycardia
  • Atrial fibrillation
  • Instead of single impulse in the SA node, can be
    gt400bpm
  • Ventricular tachycardia
  • Ventricular fibrillation

12
Cardiac Arrest
  • Different from myocardial infarction
  • An electrical event
  • Usually due to underlying heart disease
  • Heart stops due to ventricular fibrillation
  • CPR can help blood flow, but defibrillation
    needed to restart heart
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