The Civil War and Oliver Cromwell

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The Civil War and Oliver Cromwell

• presented by Eva Seifertová

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Content

• The English Revolution
• Charles I.
• The Civil War
• Oliver Cromwell
• Summary

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The English Revolution (1640-1658)

• Commonly divided into 4 periods
• -1st Parliamentary fight (1640- 1642)
• (against the King Charles I.)
• -2nd The Civil War (1642-1649)
• -3rd The period of the Republic (1649-1653)
• -4th Cromwells Protectorate (1653-1658)
• Long lasting conflict (absolutism- Charles I. X
  Parliament)
• -accompanied with religious unrest

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Charles I. (1600-1649)

• Son of James I. (Stuarts dynasty)
• Ruled in 1625 (reign 1625-1649)
• Huge Effort to rule absolutistic without
  parliament, he follows his fathers steps
• 1629 dissolved the Parliament (Charles I.
  governed without a Parliament 11 years)
• shortage of money (he needs Parliamentary
  permission to raise taxes) he was forced by the
  shortage of funds to call Parliament in 1640
• Money needed for building an army (religious
  rebellion in Scotland)
• Unsuccessful negotiation (Charles I. X
  Parliament)
• 1642 armed conflict began (Charles I. with his
  army ran into parliament building).

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Charles I. of England

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The Civil War (1642-49)

• Firstly, Charles I. was successful, ruled over
  the north of the country
• 3 main battles
• 1644 Battle of Marston Moore (1st victory of
  parliament army Cromwells own army brought fame
  to him)
• 1645 Battle of Naseby ( the definitive victory
  of parliament, Charles I. captured for the 1st
  time)
• 1648 Battle of Preston (The king defeated and
  captured again)
• The King imprisoned, found guilty for treason and
  executed
• (beheaded).
• Refused all the accusations
• 2 Shirts
• Did not show any fear during the execution died
  with nobleness.

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The English Civil WarThe Main Battles

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Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658)

• Born in Huntington in 1599
• 1620 married Elizabeth Bourchier
• Aristocrat, leader of Independents (an important
  branch of Puritans)
• independents- the radical branch of Puritans
  require a total defeat of the King
• Built own army (Armoured Cavalry used own money)
  
• The period of Republic (1649-53) Cromwell -
  leader of the army, the most influential man in
  England
• Defeated Levellers- the radical Puritans
• 1653 dissolved Parliament ? Cromwells
  Protectorate (1653-1658) he was given a title
  Lord Protector
• honest, kind, moral demands

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Oliver Cromwell

• Seized Ireland and Scotland
• Refused to become the King for several times
  (offered by his army)
• Loosing support of his army (at the end of his
  life)
• 1658 Cromwell died (plague, black death)
• He chose his son Richard as a successor
• Shortage of the army support led to his
  resignation as the Lord Protector
• 1660 Stuarts (Charles II.)

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Summary

• The Civil War impowerd Parliament, Puritans and
  their army
• The end of the Kings radical absolutism
• Greater religious freedom
• Oliver Cromwell (the influential person, a
  military genius, successful conqueror Ireland,
  Scotland, Jamaica)

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• Thank you for your attention