Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution
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Starts with Agriculture
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Agricultural Revolution

• Enclosure Movement
• Enclosing of fields with fences of hedges
• What effects do you think this would have in a
  country?
• 1) Fewer small farms
• 2) Landowners tried new farming methods
• Jethro Tull - 1700
• Seed Drill planted seeds in nice neat rows
• Crop rotation method
• Rotated what crops you grew based on its effects
  on the soil

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The Enclosure Movement
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Enclosed Lands Today
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Agricultural Revolution

• How would this effect livestock?
• More food for animals, this led to?
• More and better quality meats
• As the food supply increased, what else do you
  think increased?
• Increase in the population
• Only so many people can farmSo what are these
  people going to do?

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Industrial England "Workshop of the World"
That Nation of Shopkeepers!
-- Napoleon Bonaparte
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Why Did Industrialization Begin in England?
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Reason 1 Large population of workers
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Reason 2 Large supply of natural resources
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Natural Resources

• Water power and coal fuel for the new machines
• Iron ore build new machines and buildings
• Rivers transportation
• Harbors merchant ships set sail

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Early Canals
Britains Earliest Transportation Infrastructure
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Coalfields Industrial Areas
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Coal Mining in Britain1800-1914
1800 1 ton of coal 50, 000 miners
1850 30 tons 200, 000 miners
1880 300 million tons 500, 000 miners
1914 250 million tons 1, 200, 000 miners
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Young Coal Miners
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Child Labor in the Mines
Child hurriers
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Reason 3 Expanding economy
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Economy

• Expanded economy invested in new businesses as
  well as new inventions
• Britain had a great banking system in place
• Very willing to lend money to people

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Reason 4 Political stability
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James HargreavesFather of the Spinning Jenny
The Spinning Jenny

• Allowed only one person to make thread
• Very weak however

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Richard ArkwrightPioneer of the Factory System
The Water Frame

• Stronger thread, but more coarser

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Edmund Cartwrights Power Loom
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Textile Industry

• All of these sped up the process of making
  clothWhy would that be important?
• One invention led to the next
• Most were very bulky, how did this effect the
  industry?
• Where was GB getting its cotton from?
• What was the hardest part in deal with the cotton
  production?
• Enter Catherine Littlefield Greene Who is she?
• How would this effect the cotton industry? (2
  ways)

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The Luddites 1811-1816
Attacks on the frames power looms.
Ned Ludd a mythical figure supposed to live in
Sherwood Forest
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The Luddite Triangle
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The Luddites
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Textile FactoryWorkers in England
1813 2400 looms 150, 000 workers
1833 85, 000 looms 200, 000 workers
1850 224, 000 looms gt1 million workers
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The Factory System

• Rigid schedule.
• 12-14 hour day.
• Dangerous conditions.
• Mind-numbing monotony.

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Textile FactoryWorkers in England
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British Coin Portraying a Factory, 1812
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Young Bobbin-Doffers
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Jacquards Loom
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John Kays Flying Shuttle
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Transportation

• Why is James Watt important?
• First used to pump water out of coal mines
• Watt made is more efficient
• How would this technology be used?
• Propel boats Steamships
• Propel flat bed on wheels Railroads
• How did this change the face of countries?

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James Watts Steam Engine
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Steam Tractor
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Steam Ship
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An Early Steam Locomotive
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Later Locomotives
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Effects of the Railroad

• 1) Cheap transportation of raw materials and
  manufactured goods
• 2) Created 100s of new jobs
• 3) Boosted agricultural and fishing industires
• How did it do this?
• 4) People could live far from where they worked.
  People started to move to the countryside

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The Impact of the Railroad
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The Great Land Serpent