Pediatric Basic Life Support

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Pediatric Basic Life Support
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Objectives of the course

• Identify the steps in the Chain of Survival
• Recognize early warning signs of Infant and Child
  trauma
• Perform Infant and Child CPR
• Perform Infant and Child Foreign Body Airway
  Obstruction Techniques
• Practice using the Automated External
  Defibrillation unit

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Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

• Review

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HEART

• Size Fist
• Location Center of Chest between Sternum Spine
• Pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
• 5 qts/minute

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4 CHAMBERS

• 2 Upper Chambers 2 Lower Chambers
• Upper-Small Receiving (ATRIA)
• Lower-Large Pumping Chambers (VENTRICLE)

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BLOOD PATHWAY

• Enters right Atrium Ventricle then into the
  lungs.
• Exit Lungs
• Enters Left Atrium Ventricle sends Oxygen to
  body cells

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Coronary Arteries

• Supply Heart with Blood

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LUNGS

• 2 Lungs Right (3 Lobes) Left (2 Lobes)
• Bring in Air Get Rid of Carbon Dioxide
• Inhaled Air 21 Oxygen

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Chain of Survival

• PREVENTION
• Early CPR
• EMS Access
• Advanced Life Support

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Prevention Prudent Heart Living

• Limit exposure to cigarette smoke
• Lower blood pressure
• Lower blood cholesterol levels
• Get exercise
• Control diabetes
• Eliminate obesity

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Prevention - Motor Vehicle Safety

• Air bags
• Safety seats
• Safety belts
• Setting an example
• Pedestrian safety
• Bicycle and tricycle safety

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Prevention General Indoor Safety

• Emergency telephone numbers
• Fires (smoke detectors, escape plans, fire
  extinguishers, fire prevention)
• Scalding burns
• Contact burns
• Electrical injuries
• Firearm injuries

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Prevention Childrens Room Safety

• Crib injuries and falls
• The hands-on rule
• Crib injuries
• Falls on stairways
• Falls from windows
• Other areas where falls commonly occur

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Prevention - Poisoning

• Poisonous household products
• Poison information
• Syrup of Ipecac
• Safe Storage
• Practice safety
• Poisonous plants
• Lead poisoning

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Prevention - Indoor Safety Information continued

• Safety in the playroom
• Appropriate toys
• Toy chests
• Choking and suffocation
• Common objects cause choking and suffocation
• Make the environment as safe as possible
• Mealtime

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Prevention Bathroom Safety

• Drowning
• Falls

• Electrical injuries
• Cuts

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Prevention - Outdoor Safety Information

• Drowning
• Swimming pool/hot tub safety
• Boat and dock safety
• General outdoor safety
• Playground safety
• Sports (kites, air guns, roller blades, sledding)
• Fireworks
• Animal bites

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Chain of Survival

• Prevention
• EARLY CPR
• EMS Access
• Advanced Life Support

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ABCs of CPR

• Airway
• Breathing
• Circulation

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Airway
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Types of Obstructions

• Partial
• Person is able to speak, cough, breath, or wheeze
• Encourage person to cough
• Complete
• Person is unable to speak or cough
• May give the universal choking sign
• Can start Heimlich Maneuver

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Conscious Infant FBAO

• Identify complete obstruction
• Deliver 5 back blows, then 5 chest thrusts
• Repeat until foreign body is expelled or victim
  loses consciousness

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Unconscious Infant FBAO

• Determine unresponsiveness
• Call for help
• Position the victim
• Open the airway
• Determine breathlessness
• Attempt to ventilate (it will be obstructed)
• Reposition head and try to ventilate again (still
  obstructed)

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Unconscious Infant FBAO continued

• Activate the EMS (second rescuer)
• Deliver 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts
• Check for foreign body
• Tongue-jaw lift
• Look into throat
• Remove object if seen
• Open the airway
• Attempt to ventilate (obstructed)

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Unconscious Infant FBAO continued

• Reattempt to ventilate
• Repeat steps until successful
• Activate EMS system after approximately 1 minute
  (single rescuer)

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Conscious Child FBAO

• Identify complete obstruction
• Perform abdominal thrusts until foreign body is
  expelled or victim loses consciousness

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Unconscious Child FBAO

• Determine unresponsiveness
• Call for help
• Position victim
• Open the airway
• Determine breathlessness
• Attempt to ventilate (it will be obstructed)
• Reposition head and try to ventilate again (still
  obstructed)

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Unconscious Child FBAO continued

• Activate the EMS (second rescuer)
• Perform up to 5 abdominal thrusts
• Check for foreign body
• Tongue-jaw lift
• Look into throat
• Remove object if seen
• Open the airway
• Attempt to ventilate (obstructed)

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Unconscious Child FBAO continued

• Reattempt to ventilate
• Repeat steps until successful
• Activate EMS system after approximately 1 minute
  (single rescuer)

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Breathing
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Breathing - Infant

• Give 2 rescue breaths over mouth and nose
• 1-1 ½ seconds per breath
• Observe the rise of the chest with each breath

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Breathing - Child

• Give 2 rescue breaths over mouth with nose
  pinched
• 1-1 ½ seconds per breath
• Observe the rise of the chest with each breath

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Circulation
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Circulation - Infant

• Check for brachial pulse
• If absent, begin compressions
• 2 fingers on the sternum below the nipple line
• Compress chest down ½ - 1 inch
• Give 30 compressions

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Circulation - Child

• Check for carotid pulse
• If absent, begin compressions
• Heal of hand on lower half of the sternum (not
  the xiphoid
• Compress chest down 1 - 1 ½ inches
• Give 30 compressions

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CPR - Infant

• Open airway look, listen, and feel
• Make a seal over mouth and nose
• 2 Rescue breaths
• Check circulation
• Compressions 2 fingers ½ - 1 inch
• 30 Compressions to 2 breaths
• After 20 cycles of 302 reasses
• Activate EMS

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CPR - Child

• Open airway look, listen, and feel
• Pinch nose make a seal over mouth
• 2 Rescue breaths
• Check circulation
• Compressions heel of hand 1 1 ½ inches
• 30 Compressions to 2 breaths
• After 20 cycles of 302 reasses
• Activate EMS

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Chain of Survival

• Prevention
• Early CPR
• EMS ACCESS
• Advanced Life Support

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EMS Access

• The sooner EMS is activated, the sooner help will
  arrive
• If alone, activate EMS after approximately 1
  minute
• If someone else is available, activate EMS as
  soon as unresponsiveness is determined

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Chain of Survival

• Prevention
• Early CPR
• EMS Access
• ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT

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Automated External Defibrillation (AED)

• Delivers electrical shocks to heart in attempt to
  restart it
• Can be found all over more common
• Follow directions on AED and those given by the
  AED

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Stopping CPR

• Person is resuscitated
• EMS arrives
• Rescuer is physically exhausted and cannot
  continue

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Good Samaritan Law

• Chance of lawsuit is low IF
• Do what you are taught
• Keep certification up to date
• Acting in Good Faith and not willfully being
  negligent
• No lawsuit if you are performing CPR to the best
  of your ability
• Note Many people will still die with CPR, you
  are reducing their chance of death not
  eliminating it

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Pediatric Basic Life Support