Engineering Society

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Engineering Society
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Session 01
Magnetic levitation trains
Darin Madzharov Borislav Hadzhiev, Andrey Raykov,
Farooq Aslam, David Kronmueller
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Overview

• Introduction
• Theory Technology
• Economics Business
• QA

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Introduction
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Section 1 Theory Technology
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Theoretical Background

• Maxwells Equations

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Theoretical Background

• Magnetic field created by wire

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Theoretical Background

• Electromagnets

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Basic Operational Principles

• Levitation
• Propulsion
• Guidance

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Types of Technologies

• Electro-Magnetic Suspension (EMS)
• Electro-Dynamic Suspension (EDS)
• Magneto-Dynamic Suspension (MDS)

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Propulsion System

• Common for all three types of technology
• Linear Electromagnetic Motor
• Important Considerations (Speed Frequency)

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Electro-Magnetic Suspension (EMS)

• Levitation
• Maintained through tttattraction forces
• Distance between train tttand track 15mm
• Guidance

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EMS Pros Cons

• Pros
• B-fields inside and outside train insignificant
• Proven, commercially available technology
• Can attain very high speeds up to 500km/h
• No wheels/sec. propulsion system needed
• Maintains propulsion and levitation on-board

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EMS Pros Cons

• Cons
• System is inherently unstable
• Distance between train and track must be
  tttconstantly monitored
• Due to unstable nature, vibrations may occur
• Safety issues during power failure

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Electro-Dynamic Suspension (EDS)

• Levitation
• Both track train exert magnetic field
• Train levitated due to repulsive forces
• Two types of technology
• JR-Maglev (electromagnets)
• Inductrack (permanent magnets)

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Electro-Dynamic Suspension (EDS)

• Levitation JR-Maglev

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Electro-Dynamic Suspension (EDS)

• Guidance JR-Maglev

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EDS Pros Cons

• Pros
• Onboard magnets large vehicle-track tttmargin
  allow for very high speeds
• World speed record - 581km/h
• Heavy load capacity
• Successful operation with high temperature
  tttsuper-conductors cooled with liquid nitrogen

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EDS Pros Cons

• Cons
• Strong magnetic fields onboard
• Necessity of magnetic shielding
• Limited speed due to limited guideway
  tttconductivity
• Wheels needed to travel at low speeds
• Cost per mile still too high
• System still in prototype phase

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Magneto-Dynamic Suspension (MDS)

• Invented by Dr. Oleg Tozoni
• Solves many problems of previously discussed
  ttttechnologies
• Implemented on paper but still no real
  tttprototype

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Magneto-Dynamic Suspension (MDS)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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FD
Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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FD
Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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FS
FD
Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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FD
FS
Simplified MDS Model (Principle of Operation)
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MDS Pros Cons

• Pros
• Self-regulated system which solves
  tttlevitation, guidance, shielding and
  tttmonitoring in ONE go
• Cheap magnets usable for implementation
• Costly experiments with test models NOT
  tttrequired
• No speed limit due to materials used

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MDS Pros Cons

• Cons
• Vehicle requires wheels at low speeds
• Production cost is an issue due to rigid
  tttspecifications of materials used
• Still no real prototype created

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Section 2 Existing Maglev Systems
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Transrapid, Emsland, Germany

• Test Track
• Length 31.5km
• Top speed 350 km/h

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JR-Maglev MLX01, Yamanashi, Japan

• Test Track
• Length 18.4km
• Top speed 581km/h
• Using EDS System

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Aichi, Japan

• Commercial Track
• Length 8.9km
• Top speed 100km/h

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Shanghai, China

• Commercial Track
• Length 30.5 km
• Top speed 501km/h
• Service speed 430km/h
• 6 million passengers so far

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Munich, Germany

• Commercial Track
• Length 37 km
• Service speed 400km/h
• Completion expected - 2014

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Section 3 Maglev Costs
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Operating Costs

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Operating Costs

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Costs The Big Picture

• 7 000 passengers/day at 6.6 pertpassenger
  tt(17 million/year)
• US 1.2 billion total costs 38 million/km
• Goal 24.6 million/km
• Capital Costs 60 million/year

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Section 4 Benefits
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Advantages of Maglev

• Better way to move people and freight
• Longer lifetime with low maintenance costs
• Energy efficiency
• No pollution
• Environmental benefits
• Safety advantages

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Q A
Session 01 06/10/07
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News
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Small Molecules, Big Problems

• microRNA
• spreads breast cancer
• miR-10b--
• if blocked, the invasiveness ttdecreases 10
  fold
• experiments with non-ttmetastatic breast cancer
  cells

Aggressive breast cancer cells (fluorescent
spots) have spread to the lung of a mouse.
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Eggshells Are Important

• Hydrogen fuel
• advantages
• difficulties
• Eggshells
• 95 calcium carbonate
• calcium oxide absorbs ttacidic gases like CO2
• 78 efficiency

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First Color e-Paper

• LG Philips LCD
• First color A-4 size e-paper
• thin-film transistors
• metal foil instead of glass
• color filter
• energy efficiency
• thickness less than 300 micrometers

Shaping up the paper combines flexibility and
durability
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Super Strong Flexible Sheets

• Graphite particles
• stronger than steel
• more flexible than carbon fiber
• The process
• disperse graphene particles tt treated water
• bind into paperlike layer

Dumping graphene oxide particles in water causes
them to begin binding together spontaneously into
superstrong sheets.
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Losing Concentration

• An eye on the driver and his concentration
• Innovative system
• CCD camera
• infrared LEDs
• rear camera
• pre-crash actions

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Trans-Atlantic Maglev

• Maglev system
• speed up to 4000mph
• vacuum
• Costs
• 25 to 50 million/mile

A 4,000-mph magnetically levitated train could
allow you to have lunch in Manhattan and still
get to London in time for the theater, despite
the 5-hour time difference.
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Sound Ideas

• Cutting-edge system
• creates focused beams
• easily can target a person ttin a crowd
• The process
• ultrasound emitter
• directionality and range
• applications

The innovative system allows the passengers in a
car to be able to listen to different music
without interfering with each other
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Thank you for your attention.
Session 01 13/09/13