Reforming American Society

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Reforming American Society
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Section 1 Religion Sparks Reform
The Second Great Awakening
Transcendentalism and Reform
Americans Form Ideal Communities
Schools and Prisons Undergo Reform
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The Second Great

• After 1790? Religious movement that rejected
  Calvinistic beliefs.
• Involved emotional revival ceremonies.
• Brought Christianity to slaves and reformed
  African American Churches.

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Transcendentalism

• Started by Ralph Waldo Emerson in mid-1800s.
• Emphasized living simply and appreciating nature.

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Thoreau and Civil Disobedience

• I learned this, at least, by my experiment that
  if one advances confidently in the direction of
  his dreams, and endeavors to live the life which
  he has imagined, he will meet with a success
  unexpected in common hoursIf you have built
  castles in the air, your work need not be lost
  that is where they should be. Now put the
  foundations under them.
• What does this quote mean?

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Unitarianism and Utopian Communities

• Unitarianism? Emphasized reason and appeals to
  conscience as the paths to perfection.
• Utopian Communities? Experimental groups that
  attempted to create perfect societies.

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Dorothea Dix and Prison Reform

• How did Dorothea Dix reform the prison system in
  the US?

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School Reforms

• How was American education reformed in the
  mid-1800s?

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Section 2 Slavery and Abolition
Abolitionists Speak Out
Life Under Slavery
Slave Owners Defend Slavery
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Abolitionist Views

• William Lloyd Garrison? Pushed for
  immediate emancipation in The Liberator.
• David Walker? Advised blacks to FIGHT for
  freedom in Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the
  World.
• Frederick Douglass? Emphasized education as
  the path to freedom in The North Star.

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Life Under Slavery

• Rural
• Large plantations.
• Worked from dawn to dusk.
• Often abused by slave owners

• Urban
• Mills and ships.
• Required more skilled labor.
• Limited acts of cruelty.

VS.
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Nat Turner Rebellion (1831)
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Slave Owners Defend Slavery

• Summarize the following
• Virginia Debate
• Backlash from Revolts
• Gag Rule

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Section 3 Women and Reform
What role did these women play in the Womens
Rights Movement in the Mid-1800s?
Sarah and Angelina Grimke
Emma Willard
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Sojourner Truth
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Section 4 The Changing Workplace
Industry Changes Work
Farm Worker to Factory Worker
Workers Seek Better Conditions
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Changes in Manufacturing

• Rural Manufacturing
• Cottage Industry? materials provided for goods to
  be made at home.
• Work seen as a family activity.

• Early Factories
• Division of labor among master, journeyman, and
  apprentice.
• More efficient and less family oriented.

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Working Conditions

• Typical conditions hot, dark, poor ventilation,
  and long work days.
• Conditions continued to deteriorate in the
  1830s.
• Eventually leads to strikes UNION IS POWER!

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Workers Seek Better Conditions

• Explain how each of these things contributed to
  workers seeking better conditions
• Immigration
• National Trades Union
• Commonwealth v. Hunt