CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

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CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

• How To Be Heart Smart!
• Chapter 8

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THE 10 OZ. PUMP

• DID YOU KNOW?....
• THE HEART PUMPS ABOUT 1 MILLION BARRELS OF BLOOD
  DURING AN AVERAGE LIFETIME!
• THAT AMOUNT OF BLOOD IS ENOUGH TO FILL 3 SUPER
  TANKERS!

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IN ONE DAY

• BLOOD TRAVELS A TOTAL OF 12,000 MILES
• THATS FOUR TIMES THE DISTANCE ACROSS THE U.S.
  FROM COAST TO COAST!

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WHAT IS Cardiovascular Disease?

• Includes
• Coronary Heart Disease
• Heart Attack
• Rheumatic Heart Disease
• Atherosclerosis
• Strokes
• High Blood Pressure
• Congestive Heart Failure

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Coronary Heart Disease

• CHD is the Major form of Cardiovascular Disease
• Arteries are narrowed by fatty deposits such as
  cholesterol and triglycerides.
• Blood supply is thereby limited to heart muscle
  precipitating a heart attack.

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FACTS ABOUT CHD

• 1 KILLER OF BOTH MEN AND WOMEN
• 50 OF AMERICANS WILL DIE OF CHD

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Leading Risk Factors for CHD

• Physical Inactivity (greatest impact)
• High Blood Pressure
• Excessive Body Fat
• Low HDL-Cholesterol
• Elevated LDL-Cholesterol
• Elevated Triglycerides
• Elevated homocysteine
• High sensitivity CRP

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more risk factors

• Diabetes
• Abnormal Electrocardiograms (ECG)
• Tobacco Use
• Stress
• Family History
• Age
• Gender

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CHD Prevention

• To understand how to prevent CHD, we must
  understand how it begins.
• Atherosclerosis precursor to CHD triglyceride
  and cholesterol deposits in lining of walls of
  arteries

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Control Your Cholesterol Levels

• To prevent atherosclerosis, first you must
  control damaging cholesterol levels.
• You should have blood lipid profile once every 5
  years beginning at 20 yrs of age.

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Lipid Profile

• Blood Lipids are fatty substances present in
  blood and body tissues. This includes cholesterol
  and triglycerides.
• Blood Test includes
• Total Cholesterol
• HDL Cholesterol (high density lipoprotein)
• LDL Cholesterol (low density lipoprotein)
• Triglycerides

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Cholesterol

• What is Cholesterol?
• -odorless, white, waxy powdery substance. It is
  tasteless/you cannot see it in the foods you eat.
  Your body needs some to function properly.
• Lipoproteins are the carriers for
  cholesterol-protein coated packages/classified by
  their Density.

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Know Your Numbers!

• Total Cholesterol should be kept below 200mg/dl
• TOTAL CHOLESTEROL
• less than or 200mg/dl Desirable
• 201-239 mg/dl Borderline High
• 240 mg/dl High Risk

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LDL Cholesterol

• LDL speeds up the process of atherosclerosis.
  Think of LDL as the arsonist
• LDL-Cholesterol
• less than or 130 mg/dl Desirable
• 131 159 mg/dl Borderline High
• 160 or higher High Risk

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HDL Cholesterol

• Think of HDL Cholesterol as the scavenger the
  sweeper the firefighter
• HDL Cholesterol
• Greater than or 45mg/dl Desirable
• 36-44 mg/dl Moderate Risk
• Less than 35 mg/dl High Risk

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FACTS about HDL Cholesterol

• Research has shown that low levels of HDL
  cholesterol could be the BEST predictor of CHD.
• Estrogen raises HDL!
• HDL decreases with age
• Black children and adult black men have higher
  HDL values than whites

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How can I raise my HDL?

• Aerobic exercise increases HDL levels!---the more
  the exercise, the higher HDL
• Weight loss raises HDL
• Niacin raises HDL
• Quitting Smoking raises HDL

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How do I lower LDL Cholesterol?

• Diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol
• Increase fiber intake (25-38 grams/day)
• Get those MUFAs and PUFAs remember these lower
  LDL cholesterol!
• Keep cholesterol under 200mg/day to lower LDL
• Keep red meat consumption low (less than 3xwk
  No organ meats like kidneys and liver)

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more on LDL reduction

• Avoid commercially baked foods
• Avoid trans-fatty foods
• Drink low fat milk
• Avoid coconut oil, palm oil, cocoa butter
• Bake, broil, grill, poach or steam food
• Avoid fatty sauces

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Triglycerides

• Main type of fat stored in body
• Also called free fatty acids
• Speed up plaque formation in arteries
• Found in poultry skin, lunchmeats, shellfish
• Manufactured in liver from refined sugars
  (including honey), starches and alcohol.

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Triglyceride Levels

• Less than or 150 mg/dl Desirable
• 150 199 mg/dl Borderline High
• 200 499 mg/dl High
• Greater than or 500 mg/dl High Risk

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The Big Picture

• http//www.fda.gov/hearthealth/healthyheart/health
  yheart.html
• http//www.fda.gov/hearthealth/conditions/atherosc
  lerosis.html

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Other Risk Factors for CHD

• If cholesterol levels are normal, researchers
  will look for other causeshigh levels of
  homocysteine may play a role in CHD.
• Body uses homocysteine to build proteins and
  carry out cell metabolism
• Homocysteine can damage the lining of arteries,
  stimulate plaque formation and encourages
  clotting.

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Homocysteine

• Eat recommended servings of fruits, veggies, meat
  and legumes. This provides sufficient folate and
  B6---that will remove and clear homocysteine from
  the blood.

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C-Reactive Protein

• IF cholesterol normal and arterial plaque
  normal inflammation may play a role in
  triggering heart attacks.
• C-Reactive Protein increases in blood if
  inflammation occurring in body.
• CRP will appear years prior to heart attack or
  stroke.

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More on CRP

• CRP tests predict the probability of plaque
  rupturing in arteryreleasing free floating
  plaque in blood thereby producing a stroke or
  heart attack.
• Statin drugs (cholesterol and inflamation
  lowering) may help.
• Omega 3 fatty acids (salmon, tuna, mackerel)
  inhibit inflammation.
• Alcohol intake and high protein diets increase
  CRP.

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Heart Attack Warning SignsAHA

• 1. Chest discomfort. 
• 2. Discomfort in other areas of the upper body.  
• 3. Shortness of breath. May occur with or without
  chest discomfort.  
• Other signs 
• These may include breaking out in a cold sweat,
  nausea or lightheadedness       
• Call 9-1-1... Get to a hospital right away.
• If you can't access the emergency medical
  services (EMS), have someone drive you to the
  hospital right away. If you're the one having
  symptoms, don't drive yourself, unless you have
  absolutely no other option. 
• American Heart Association

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Signs of Cardiac Arrest

• Cardiac arrest strikes immediately and without
  warning. Here are the signs
• Sudden loss of responsiveness. No response to
  gentle shaking.
• No normal breathing. The victim does not take a
  normal breath when you check for several seconds.
  
• No signs of circulation. No movement or coughing.
  
• If cardiac arrest occurs, call 9-1-1 and begin
  CPR immediately. If an automated external
  defibrillator (AED) is available and someone
  trained to use it is nearby, involve them.
• American Heart Association

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Stroke Warning Signs

• Warning signs of Stroke
• 1. Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm
  or leg, especially on one side of the body   
• 2. Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or
  understanding   
• 3. Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes   
• 4. Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of
  balance or coordination   
• 5. Sudden, severe headache with no known cause
• If you or someone with you has one or more of
  these signs, don't delay! Immediately call 9-1-1
  or the emergency medical services (EMS)
• The American Stroke Association

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What is a Stroke?

• A blood vessel leading to the brain is blocked or
  bursts preventing oxygen and nutrients from
  reaching the brain
• 2 Types Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
• Ischemic (blockage) accounts 83 of all strokes.
• Hemorrhagic less common (17) vessel bursts
  blood leaks into brain

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Ischemic Stroke

• Cerebral Thrombosis Blood clot develops in
  vessel
• Cerebral Embolism blood clot forms at another
  location in circulatory system (i.e., large
  arteries of upper chest and neck)clot breaks
  away and travels to vessels too small to carry it.

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TIAs

• Transient Ischemic Attacks minor strokes clot
  occurs for short time them resolves itself.
• Symptoms may go away, but strong indicator of
  major stroke in future.

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Risk Factors for Stroke

• Same as all cardiovascular diseases
• Smoking
• Lifestyle habits
• Diet
• Blood Pressure
• Physical Inactivity
• Overweight