Welcome to class of Ecotourism and Medical Tourism in Emerging Markets by Dr. Satyendra Singh University of Winnipeg Canada www.uwinnipeg.ca/~ssingh5 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Welcome to class of Ecotourism and Medical Tourism in Emerging Markets by Dr. Satyendra Singh University of Winnipeg Canada www.uwinnipeg.ca/~ssingh5

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Title: Welcome to class of Ecotourism and Medical Tourism in Emerging Markets by Dr. Satyendra Singh University of Winnipeg Canada www.uwinnipeg.ca/~ssingh5


1
Welcome to class ofEcotourism and Medical
Tourismin Emerging MarketsbyDr. Satyendra
SinghUniversity of WinnipegCanadawww.uwinnipeg.
ca/ssingh5
2
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3
Why Study Tourism?
  • Attain peace and prosperity
  • Freedom to travel, low passport control
  • EC (WWII), USSR, China (1978), Cuba, S. Africa
    (2004)
  • Promotes understanding and trust
  • When travel ? get info about personality,
    beliefs, aspirations, perspective, culture,
    politics
  • Economic development ? very imp for EMs
  • Creates jobs, foreign exchange, face-to-face
    contacts
  • Significant demand and consistent growth
  • 500m intl travelers, 10 of worlds GDP, 3
    Trillion
  • Low-cost air travel, trading blocks, less barrier

4
Why is Tourism Important now?
  • Need for exchanging ideas and exploration
  • Environmentalists, developers, economists, movie
    producers, political leaders, professorsneed to
    travel
  • Need for cutting cost on defense
  • Cannot spend 15 of GDP on defense (USA used
    to), and yet meet the need of domestic needs.
  • USA 1945? 40 of worlds Economy. 1990? only 20
  • Cannot remain in isolation ? need to share
    culture
  • Isolation breeds distrust, uncompetitive climate
  • Tourism makes it possible to maintain Ecosystem
  • Set aside land parks, reserve, sanctuary, trees
    (God)
  • Indigenous people/dance/music/artifacts/heritage
    sites

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7
Other Definitions of Ecotourism
  • Travelling to undisturbed or uncontaminated
    natural areas to study, admire, enjoy
    ? scenery, animals,
  • Tourism activities in harmony with nature
    ? opposite of mass tourism
  • Benefits to indigenous people
  • Conserves environment, sustains the local people
  • Conserves ecosystem and host communities
  • Foster respect for different culture human
    rights

8
UN, EM and Ecotourism
  • Several international agencies promote ecotourism
  • UN Global Environment Facility (GEF) ? funds for
    environment-related projects, particularly in EMs
  • 500 projects in 120 countries ? Worth gt 2
    billion
  • USAID (US Agency for International Aids)
  • gt100 projects worth gt 2 billion
  • In fact, most Structural Adjustment Programs
    (SAP) for emerging markets contain an ecotourism
    component
  • Also called Staff Monitored Program

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10
Types of Ecotourism
  • Non-consumptive ecotourism
  • Ecotourism does not consume natural resources
  • Tanzania (Serengeti) to observe Zebra
  • Nepal to climb mountain
  • Belize (Community Baboon sanctuary) to see
    monkeys
  • Consumptive ecotourism
  • Ecotourism is based on renewal resources
    (debatable)
  • Shooting elephants, rhinoceroses and antelope
  • 20,000 to shoot a single elephant in Zimbabwe
  • Leads to substantial revenue, and has minimal
    adverse impact on local populations

11
Examples of Ecotourism in EM
  • Uganda ? Bwindi forest gorilla reserve
  • 145/person for one hr of viewing gorilla
  • 100 of its capacity ? 400,000 annually
  • Nepal ? Annapurna conservation area
  • Ecotourists lodges for trekkers
  • 12/person ? 500,000 annually
  • Bolivia ? Chalalan ecolodge ? Madidi national
    park
  • Accomodates 24 visitors in hatch-roof cabins,
    local built
  • Costa Rica ? Monteverde cloud forest reserve
  • Located in Tilaran mountains ? flora and fauna
  • Cuba ? La Moka (UNESCO protected site)
  • Bioreserve ? harmony between people and nature

12
Creativeeg UN World heritage status
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16
Revenues and Pitfalls
  • Revenues
  • Ecotourists are from developed countries
  • Willing to spend large sum of money to view
    abundant and unique natural resources
  • Kenya (Masai Mara) ? 100,000 per month ? Entry
    fee 20 for foreigners and 3 for Kenyans
  • S. Africa (Dukuduku community) ? 300,000
    annually ? By selling traditional Zulu baskets
    and sleeping mats
  • Cuba (La Moka) ? ecotourist resort ? 200/day
    room
  • Pitfalls
  • Ecotourism can be problematic if not managed
    properly
  • Ecotourism uproots native people from their
    normal habits of farming, hunting, mining, and
    forestry
  • Income does not trickle-down to locals
  • 50 of the income goes to airline, hotels, tour
    operators

17
Benefits of Ecotourism
  • Economic
  • Direct revenue from ecotourists!
  • Direct employment
  • Ecotourists may patronize for add-ons ? culture
    show
  • Environmental
  • Incentive to protect environment ? commitment ?
  • Ecotourists assist in habitat enhancement
  • Excessive tipping, donations, policing,
    maintenance
  • Socio-cultural
  • Good public relations ? face-to-face contacts
  • Aesthetic/spiritual benefits
  • Fosters environment awareness among ecotourists
    and local population ? slash and burn agriculture
    ? Finland

18
Costs of Ecotourism
  • Economic
  • Start up expenses
  • Acquisition of land/infrastructure, establishment
    of protected areas
  • Ongoing expenses
  • Maintenance of infrastructure, promotion, wages
  • Revenues ? Uncertain due to its nature
  • Environmental
  • Environmental capacity is limited ? Rapid growth
  • Difficult in indentifying, measuring, monitoring
    impact of ecotourism
  • Socio-cultural
  • Intrusion upon local isolated areas
  • Displacement of local cultures by parks
  • Erosion of local control ? foreign experts!

19
Travel abroad to obtain medical services
20
Why do Countries Participate?
  • Increase GDP
  • Upgrade medical facilities
  • Create jobs
  • Can create more tourism
  • International relations

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What do Countries get?
  • Revenues can be reinvested to make medicine
    affordable to citizens
  • Upgraded facilities
  • Different impacts depending upon the countrys
    policies
  • Need to assure own citizens receive benefits

23
What do patients get?
  • 1st class service at 3rd world price
  • Not affordable in home country
  • Desire privacy
  • Avoid long waiting lines
  • Can be more luxurious

24
Medical Tourism
  • Argentina (cosmetic)
  • Brazil (cosmetics/plastic)
  • Cuba (all)
  • Costa Rica (cosmetic)
  • Hungary (surgery)
  • India (all)
  • Malaysia (cardiovascular, dental, eye)
  • Mexico (obesity, dental)
  • Panama (dental, eye)
  • Philippines (all hospitals at beaches)
  • S. Africa (all)
  • Thailand (obesity, alternative medicine, gender
    alignment) Singapore (all)
  • China (modern and traditional treatments)
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