IMT 161 Drive Systems

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IMT 161Drive Systems

• Chapter 7
• Shaft Coupling Devices

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Couplings

• All manufacturing plants have at least 2 things
  in common. These are
• Electric motors and.
• Couplings.
• There are many different types, sizes and styles.
• We will discuss the most common types.

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Couplings

• All couplings
• 1. Connect 2 shafts together.
• 2. Require safety guards.
• Most couplings
• 1. Do more than 1 function at a time.
• 2. Connect 2 shafts together.
• 3. Allow for minor misalignment.
• 4. Allow for axial movement.

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Coupling Functions
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Torque
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Angular
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Couplings

• Some couplings will also do these special
  functions in addition to their normal
  functions
• 1. Dampen vibration
• 2. Absorb torque
• 3. Provide electrical insulation

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Couplings

• Simple hand tools will generally be all that is
  required for coupling installation and removal.
• What types of tools???
• Shaft alignment should always be done to the best
  of your ability.
• Why????

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Misalignment

• Parallel misalignment in the vertical plane
• Parallel misalignment in the horizontal plane
• Angular misalignment in the vertical plane
• Angular misalignment in the horizontal plane
• Combination parallel and angular misalignment

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Coupling Hubs

• Two styles
• Solid hub--have a plain bore than will slide onto
  the shaft end. Usually locked with keys, set
  screws, locking rings, etc.
• Bushed hubs--have removable tapered sleeves
  (bushings).

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Coupling Types

• Two major classes
• Solid couplings (also called rigid or sleeve
  couplings)
• Flexible couplings

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Solid Couplings

• Accept no misalignment, usually for smaller
  shafts
• Require exact alignment
• Types of solid couplings include
• Split-ribbed coupling, jaw couplings
• Flanged couplings, sleeve couplings
• Universal joints

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Split Ribbed Couplings

• Generally used to connect long line shafts, such
  as those on over-head cranes.
• Long shafts will allow the ends to be aligned
  fairly easy.
• Ribs are added for strength.
• Generally made of cast iron.

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Split Ribbed Coupling
Split
Key
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Rigid Jaw Couplings

• The 2 parts of the coupling make metal to metal
  contact,
• Used in low speed applications
• Alignment is very important to minimize wear of
  the load bearing surfaces

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Flanged Couplings

• Usually have flat faces but may have a
  male/female design to aid in alignment.
• Alignment is very important.

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Flanged coupling ???
What do you think this is?
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Sleeve Couplings

• Basically, a piece of heavy walled pipe with set
  screws to grip the shafts
• Some may have keyways/keys
• Alignment is very important

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Sleeve coupling
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Universal Joint

• Allows non-parallel shafts to be coupled.
• Considered to be a variation of a solid coupling.
• Generally, requires lubrication.

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Industrial applications operate continuously and
with high torque loads. This demands maximum
strength and long life of the universal joint
components. The modern universal joint has become
much more complex than its simple ancestor. The
universal joints manufactured by Ameridrives are
made for demanding industrial applications. Univer
sal joints have several unique features that make
them ideal for a variety of applications. Most
significant is the ability of the universal joint
to operate at high misalignment angles. Operating
angles up to 25 degrees are not uncommon. Another
feature of the universal joint is the bearing and
seal design that resists lubrication loss and
contamination. This makes Ameridrives Universal
Joints suitable for applications where severe
atmospheric conditions would put other couplings
at a distinct disadvantage. When compared to
other high misalignment couplings, universal
joints operate with negligible backlash or radial
clearance. The difference can be significant on
applications where backlash is critical. Ameridriv
es Universal Joint yokes are precisely engineered
using the latest design technologies. They are
manufactured as a onepiece, closed bearing eye
design, assuring the highest degree of strength
and minimum distortion under load.
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Industrial applications operate continuously and
with high torque loads. This demands maximum
strength and long life of the universal joint
components. The modern universal joint has become
much more complex than its simple ancestor. The
universal joints manufactured by Ameridrives are
made for demanding industrial applications. Univer
sal joints have several unique features that make
them ideal for a variety of applications. Most
significant is the ability of the universal joint
to operate at high misalignment angles. Operating
angles up to 25 degrees are not uncommon. Another
feature of the universal joint is the bearing and
seal design that resists lubrication loss and
contamination. This makes Ameridrives Universal
Joints suitable for applications where severe
atmospheric conditions would put other couplings
at a distinct disadvantage. When compared to
other high misalignment couplings, universal
joints operate with negligible backlash or radial
clearance. The difference can be significant on
applications where backlash is critical. Ameridriv
es Universal Joint yokes are precisely engineered
using the latest design technologies. They are
manufactured as a onepiece, closed bearing eye
design, assuring the highest degree of strength
and minimum distortion under load.
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U-joint
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Flexible Couplings

• Can accept some misalignment depending on the
  style of coupling and the manufacturer.
• Examples include
• Jaw coupling with a flexible insert.
• Modified flange couplings with a flexible insert.
• Rubber tire coupling, gear couplings, bushed
  couplings.

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Flexible Couplings

• Other examples
• Chain couplings, metal disk couplings
• Grid couplings

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Flexible sleeve coupling
Flexible center
Hub
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Flexible Jaw Coupling

• Has a rubber-like insert between the coupling
  halves. The inserts are called
• Spiders, cushions, blocks or inserts.
• Inserts are made of different materials for
  different applications, heat ranges,
  environments, etc.
• Allows some misalignment.

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Jaw Couplings

• Jaw couplings are generally used to connect
  continuous-duty electric motors with driven
  machinery, pumps, and gearboxes.
• They typically accommodate angular shaft
  misalignment up to 1 degree and parallel
  misalignment up to 0.015 in.

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Jaw Couplings
.

• The spider is the key determinant of the torque
  rating of each jaw coupling.
• It also can make a significant difference in the
  coupling's response to vibration, temperature,
  chemicals, misalignment, high RPM, space
  limitations and ease of installation or removal.

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Jaw Couplings

• Selecting the right type of spider is just as
  important as selecting the right type and size of
  coupling.
• For that reason, users will benefit from a fuller
  understanding of the different spider
  constructions and materials available, when
  specifying new or maintaining existing couplings

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Spiders

• Urethane -- has 1.5 times the torque capacity of
  NBR with very good chemical and oil resistance,
  but less damping capability (90 Shore A hardness)
  and narrower operating temperature range of -30øF
  to 160øF (-39øC to 71øC).

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Spiders

• Urethane spiders are good choices when the
  application calls for greater torque in a
  confined space, or for resistance to atmospheric
  effects such as ozone, sunlight, and hydrolysis
  in tropical conditions.

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Spiders

• Hytrel -- designed for high operating temperature
  (-60øF to 250øF, (-51øC to 121øC)), with
  excellent resistance to oils and chemicals can
  carry 3 times the torque of standard NBR.

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Spiders

• Also provides resistance to ozone, sunlight, and
  hydrolysis in tropical conditions. With hardness
  of 55 Shore D, however, Hytrel cuts angular
  misalignment ratings in half, and damping
  capacity is low

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Spiders

• Bronze -- Not exactly elastomeric, these rigid,
  porous, oil-impregnated metal inserts are used
  only for slow speed (250 RPM maximum)
  applications requiring high torque or high
  temperature resistance. Bronze spiders can
  withstand virtually all chemicals and
  temperatures from -40ø to 450øF (-40ø to
  232øC), but their rigidity offers zero damping
  capacity.

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Spider
Hubs
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Jaw Coupling
insert
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Jaw Coupling
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Model number
Shaft (bore) diameter
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Spiders/inserts
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Brass spider
Neoprene spider
Which one is wore out?
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Insert
Hub
Jaw Coupling
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Modified Flange Coupling

• May be called a pin coupling.
• Each half has pins that go into holes in an
  insert.
• The insert may be a rubber material or leather.
• Allows some small amount of misalignment.

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Set screw
Leather insert
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Pins
Leather insert
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Pins
Flexible insert
Taper hub
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Rubber Tire Coupling

• Also called a horse-shoe coupling.
• The flexible part is made of a molded rubber .
• Dampens vibration and torque.
• May provide electrical isolation.
• Accepts some misalignment.

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Taper hub
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Gear Couplings

• Two types
• Rubber gear type--
• Accepts some misalignment,
• Requires no lubricant
• May provide electrical isolation

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Gear Couplings

• Metal gear couplings
• Made of steel
• Accepts some misalignment,
• Requires lubrication and seals
• Can be extremely large

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Locking ring
Seals
This coupling requires lube.
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Locking ring
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Metal gear coupling
Nylon sleeve
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Rubber gear coupling
Hub
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Bushed Couplings

• Rubber or neoprene bushings mounted in a steel
  housing.
• Allows some misalignment.
• Small shafts usually with light loads.
• Requires no lubricant.

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Rubber bushing
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Chain Couplings

• Metal chain wrapped around toothed hubs.
• Chain can be a roller chain or silent chain.
• Requires lubrication, seals and a cover.
• Will accept some misalignment.
• Delrin chain (plastic) requires no lube.

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Chain Couplings

• Sprocket teeth are cut to fit the chain.
• The tops of the teeth are cut square and
  hardened.
• In an emergency, stock drive chain sprockets can
  be used in place of coupling sprockets.

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Pusher hole
Key way
Taper hub
Master link
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Silent chain coupling
Teeth are a different shape!
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Plastic chain coupling
Taper hub
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Lubrication opening
Square cut teeth
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Taper hub
Square cut teeth
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Metal Disk Couplings

• Metal disk packs are made of thin sheets of
  steel.
• Will accept some misalignment.
• Does not require lubrication.
• Smooth power transmission with no backlash.
• Disk packs can be installed/removed without
  moving the hubs.

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Metal Grid Coupling

• Each hub has slotted flanges
• A spring steel grid fits in the slots
• Requires lubrication, seals and a cover
• The grid can be replaced without moving the hubs

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Threaded hole
Lube seals
Gasket
Grid Coupling Flexible Steel Grid
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Grid
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Shear Pin Couplings

• Designed to shear a soft pin when a mechanical
  overload occurs.
• Pins are designated by their shear value.
• Pins can be straight, necked or notched.

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Shear coupling
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Shear coupling
This was a 12,000 coupling.
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Shear insert
This key is designed to shear.
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Flexible Shear coupling
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Beamed Couplings                             
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Spacer Coupling
Spacer
Jaw coupling
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Set screw
This hub mounts on the shaft.
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Assorted Couplings                             
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The End!!!!!