Examples of catabolism include all of the following except ____.

1
Examples of catabolism include all of the
following except ____.

1. Synthesis of new organic molecules
2. Carbohydrates being broken down into simple
   sugars
3. Triglycerides splitting into fatty acids
4. Proteins being broken down into amino acids

2
What is the primary role of the TCA cycle in the
production of ATP?

1. Break down glucose
2. Create hydrogen gradient
3. Phosphorylate ADP
4. Transfer electrons from substrates to coenzymes

3
Why is oxidative phosphorylation the most
important mechanism for generating ATP?

1. It requires less energy than other mechanisms.
2. It requires fewer steps to produce ATP molecules.
3. It produces more than 90 of ATP used by body
   cells.
4. It allows the release of a tremendous amount of
   energy.

4
What is the electron transport systems role in
the generation of ATP?

1. It creates a steep concentration gradient across
   the inner mitochondrial membrane.
2. It manufactures 36 ATP.
3. It facilitates formation of coenzymes.
4. It prevents substrate-level phosphorylation.

5
NADH produced by glycolysis in skeletal muscle
fibers leads to production of two ATP molecules
in mitochondria, but NADH produced by glycolysis
in cardiac muscle cells leads to production of
three ATP molecules. Why?

1. Different systems
2. Different pH
3. Different intermediaries
4. More efficient enzymes in cardiac muscle

6
How does a decrease in the level of cytoplasmic
NAD affect ATP production in mitochondria?

1. ATP production increases.
2. ATP production decreases.
3. Pyruvic acid supplies increase.
4. Unused glucose molecules allow for production of
   ATP through other mechanisms.

7
What is the process of gluconeogenesis?

1. The formation of glycogen from glucose
2. The synthesis of glucose from fatty acids
3. The formation of glucose from precursors such as
   lactic acid
4. All of the above are correct

8
Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
considered beneficial?

1. They increase lipid metabolism.
2. They decrease blood pressure.
3. They increase blood pH.
4. They reduce fat and cholesterol in the
   bloodstream.

9
What characteristic of lipoproteins allows them
to be made water-soluble?

1. They are small enough to pass through the plasma
   membrane.
2. They have superficial coating of phospholipids
   and proteins.
3. They form compact granules.
4. They provide more energy than a comparable amount
   of glucose.

10
Why are LDLs considered bad cholesterol?

1. They take cholesterol from peripheral tissues to
   the liver.
2. They deliver cholesterol to peripheral tissues.
3. They often end up in arterial plaques.
4. 2 and 3 are correct.

11
What happens during the process of transamination?

1. An amino group and hydrogen atom are removed.
2. The toxic compound ammonium (NH4) is created.
3. A keto acid is converted into an amino acid that
   can leave the mitochondria.
4. The liver breaks down internal proteins.

12
Why does a diet that is deficient in pyridoxine
(vitamin B6) affect protein metabolism?

1. B6 deficiency sets up a cascade of events
   leading to premature breakdown of lipases.
2. The first step in amino acid catabolism requires
   a coenzyme derivative of B6.
3. B6 deficiency is critical to later steps of amino
   acid catabolism.
4. Pyridoxine is not involved in protein metabolism.

13
Why are proteins an impractical source of quick
energy, a last ditch source of energy?

1. Proteins are more difficult to break apart than
   are carbohydrates or lipids.
2. NH4, a byproduct of protein catabolism, is toxic.
3. Protein catabolism threatens homeostasis.
4. All of the above are correct.

14
What process in the liver increases after you
have eaten a high-carbohydrate meal?

1. Glycolysis
2. Glycogenesis
3. Lipolysis
4. Beta-oxidation

15
What consequence(s) is/are the result of a
dietary deficiency of one or more essential amino
acids?

1. Protein deficiency disease.
2. The body produces the missing amino acids by
   amination.
3. Protein synthesis comes to a halt.
4. 1 and 3 are correct.

16
Why does the amount of urea in blood increase
during the postabsorptive state?

1. Protein digestion creates urea.
2. Lipolysis creates urea.
3. Glycolysis creates urea.
4. Glycogenesis creates urea.

17
If a cell accumulates more acetyl-CoA than it can
metabolize by way of the TCA cycle, which of the
following products will form?

1. Ketone bodies
2. Uric acid crystals
3. Lactic acid molecules
4. ATP molecules

18
Why do athletes in intensive training try to
maintain a positive nitrogen balance?

1. They must excrete more N than they take in.
2. They must keep the amount of N absorbed in
   balance with what is lost in urine and feces.
3. They actively synthesize N compounds, so must
   absorb more than they secrete.
4. None of the above is correct.

19
Which vitamins is your body capable of
synthesizing?

1. Vitamins D and K
2. Vitamins B12 and C
3. Vitamins A and E
4. Vitamins B6 and C

20
Why does hypervitaminosis more commonly involve
fat-soluble vitamins?

1. Water-soluble vitamins rapidly degenerate into
   their component parts.
2. Excess fat-soluble vitamins are stored in body
   lipids.
3. Fat-soluble vitamins participate in more
   important reactions than do water-soluble
   vitamins.
4. All of the above are true.

21
How does a decrease in the amount of bile salts
in the bile affect the amount of vitamin A in the
body?

1. It would increase vitamin A.
2. It would decrease vitamin A.
3. It would have no effect, since the two are not
   related.
4. It depends on the absorptive state.

22
Why is the catabolism of dietary carbohydrates
and proteins considered not as productive as
catabolism of lipids?

1. In lipids, many carbon and hydrogen atoms are
   already bound to oxygen.
2. Digestion of dietary protein creates toxins.
3. Lipids release almost twice the energy of
   proteins or carbohydrates.
4. Carbohydrates and proteins have fewer health
   benefits than lipids.

23
How would the BMR of a pregnant woman compare
with her own BMR before she became pregnant?

1. Higher when pregnant
2. Lower when pregnant
3. No difference during pregnancy
4. It depends on her pre-pregnancy weight

24
What effect does vasoconstriction of peripheral
blood vessels have on an individuals body
temperature on a hot day?

1. An increase in body temperature
2. A decrease in body temperature
3. No difference
4. It depends on the individuals hydration level

25
In cold conditions, how does blood flow change to
restrict heat loss?

1. Blood is diverted to the skin to decrease surface
   to volume ratio.
2. Heat transfer from warm blood in arteries warms
   cooler venous blood.
3. Blood flows through the superficial venous
   network.
4. Vasomotor centers are inhibited and respiration
   increases in depth.

26
Why do infants have greater problems with
thermoregulation than adults do?

1. Higher surface to volume ratio
2. Undeveloped temperature regulation
3. Expend more energy to remain warm
4. All of the above are correct