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Immune System Anatomy and Physiology

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Immune System Anatomy and Physiology ... Lysozyme in saliva destroys bacteria Mucus in respiratory catch pathogens as they enter Cells and Chemicals ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Immune System Anatomy and Physiology


1
Immune System Anatomy and Physiology
2
Immune System Divisions
  • Non Specific Defenses
  • Specific Defenses

3
Pathogens
  • Disease Causing agents
  • Bacteria
  • Viruses
  • Carcinogens

4
Surface Membrane Barriers
  • Acidic pH of skin inhibits bacteria growth
  • Stomach acid kills pathogens
  • Lysozyme in saliva destroys bacteria
  • Mucus in respiratory catch pathogens as they enter

5
Cells and Chemicals
  • Phagocytes
  • Found in almost every organ
  • Engulf and destroy pathogens
  • Natural Killer Cells
  • Non specific
  • Attach to membrane of pathogen and releases
    chemicals
  • Pathogen membrane and nucleus disinegrate
  • Inflammatory Response
  • Redness, heat, pain, swelling

6
Fever
  • Systemic Response to invading microorganisms
  • Can be dangerous
  • Deactivates enzymes in the body
  • Benefits
  • Liver increases uptake of iron and zinc needed by
    bacteria
  • Increased metabolic rate leads to rapid tissue
    repair

7
Specific Defense
  • Antigens
  • Substance provoking an immune response
  • Pollen grains, bacteria, fungi, viruses

8
Cells of the Immune System
  • Lymphocytes
  • B version
  • Produce antibodies
  • T version
  • No antibodies
  • Macrophages
  • Turned on by T lymphocytes
  • Will start eating the antigens

9
Antibodies
  • Secreted by B lymphocytes in response to antigens
  • Designed to attack specific antigens
  • Inactivate the antigens

10
Organ Transplants
  • Body treats new organ as foreign
  • Patients receive immunosuppressive therapy after
    transplant
  • Goal is to deactivate lymphocyte reaction

11
Allergies
  • Abnormally vigorous immune responses that cause
    tissue damage
  • Fights off perceived threat that would be
    harmless
  • Histamines are released that dialate blood
    vessels causing usual symptoms
  • Antihistamines can be used to conteract

12
Immunodeficiences
  • Diseases cause immune system to be unable to
    fight antigens
  • AIDS/HIV

13
Autoimmune Disorders
  • Immune system attacks the body
  • Multiple sclerosis (white matter of brain)
  • Juvenile Diabetes (pancreatic cells)
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (joints)
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