Title: first aid
1PERFORM
FIRST AID
FOR
COLD INJURIES
2SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
CHILBLAIN / FROSTNIP
1. Redness or pallor of affecte areas. 2. Hot,
tender, itching skin. 3. Absence of pain
(numb). 4. Ulcerated, bleeding lesions.
3SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
FROSTBITE
Superficial 1. Loss of Sensation. 2. Whitening
of Skin. 3. Red or Gray Color. Deep 4.
Blisters. 5. Swelling. 6. Loss of Pain. 7.
Yellow Skin. 8. Frozen Area Feels Solid or
Wooden.
4SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
IMMERSION /TRENCH FOOT
Early Stages. 1. Affected area feels cold. 2.
Numb and painless. 3. Pulse diminished/absent. L
ater Stages/Advanced. 1. Limbs feel hot
burning. 2. Shooting pains. 3. Area pale with
blueish cast. 4. Pulse strength decreased. 5.
Other.
5SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
SNOW BLINDNESS
1. Scratchy feeling in eyes. 2. Watery eyes. 3.
Redness (eyes). 4. Headache. 5. Increased pain
with exposure to light.
6SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
HYPOTHERMIA (general cooling)
A MEDICAL EMERGENCY
1. Mild hypothermia. 2. Moderate
hypothermia. 3. Severe hypothermia.
7SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
MILD HYPOTHERMIA
1. Body is cold ( 90-95oF). 2. Intense
shivering. 3. Difficulty speaking 4.
Cold pale skin. 5. Poor muscle
coordination.
8SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
MODERATE HYPOTHERMIA
1. Body temperature of 85-90oF. 2. Stops
shivering. 3. Dilated pupils. 4. Loss of
voluntary movement. 5. Loss of consciousness. 6.
Lethargy (drowsy, sluggish,
indifference). 7. Slow pulse.
9SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
SEVERE HYPOTHERMIA
1. Decreased pulse, respirations. 2. Lost
contact with environment. 3. Erratic or no
heartbeat. 4. Stupor or unconsciousness. 5. Ice
cold skin. 6. Rigid muscles. 7. Eyes become
glassy.
10SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
DEHYDRATION (Cold Weather)
1. Mouth, tongue,throat are parched dry. 2.
Swallowing is difficult. 3. Fainting. 4. Tired
and weak. 5. Muscle cramps. 6. Focusing of eyes
may be difficult.
11FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
CHILBLAIN/FROSTNIP
1. Warm the injured body part. 2. Protect the
rewarmed injury.
12FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
FROSTBITE
WARNING Do not attempt to thaw the casualtys
feet or other seriously frozen areas if the
casualty will need to travel for medical
treatment and there is a chance of the injury
refreezing.
13FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
FROSTBITE
1. Warm the area. a. Face, ears, nose. b.
Hands. c. Feet. 2. Loosen or remove
clothing. 3. Cover casualty with blanket. 4.
Seek medical aid. 5. Do not cause further injury.
14FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
IMMERSION/TRENCH FOOT
1. Gradually rewarm. 2. Protect from trauma. 3.
Dry feet, avoid walking. 4. Elevate affected
part. 5. Seek medical treatment.
15FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
SNOW BLINDNESS
1. Cover Eyes. 2. Seek medical treatment.
16FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
HYPOTHERMIA
This is a MEDICAL EMERGENCY! Prompt medical
treatment is necessary.
17FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
HYPOTHERMIA
MILD. a. Rewarm the body evenly. b. Keep dry
and protect from elements. c. Give warm liquids
(conscious casualty). d. Seek medical
treatment immediately.
18FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
HYPOTHERMIA
SEVERE. a. Stabilize the temperature. b.
Attempt to avoid further heat loss. c. Evacuate
the casualty.
19FIRST AID TREATMENT FOR
DEHYDRATION
1. Keep warm. 2. Loosen clothes 3. Give
fluids. 4. Rest. 5. Seek medical assistance.
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