IF CLAUSES

1

IF CLAUSES
2

• We use if to talk about some conditions in
  anywhere of our daily life.
• It is composed of two parts
• 1-Main Clause
• 2-Conditional Clause
• If he comes early,we will go out for a picnic
• conditional clause
  main clause
• We will go out for a picnic ,if he comes early
• main clause
  conditional clause

3
TYPES OF IF CLAUSES

• Type 0 General facts
• We use this type to talk about scientific and
  general facts.
• The water boils in 100 celcius
• When you heat ice,it melts

4
TYPES OF IF CLAUSES

• Type 1True in the Present or future
• We use this to talk about a thing which is true
  in present or in the future
• If the weather is nice,we usually sit in the
  garden. (present)
• If the weather is nice tomorrow,we will sit in
  the garden. (future)

5

• As we see we use this type about something
  which is habitually done or ordinarily done and
  the main tenses we can use in this formation is
  either present simple or future tense with will

6

• If she passes the university exam,her life will
  completely change
• I will visit my parents tomorrow,if I have time.
• I will not come you again,if you do this again.

7

• When the action is a part of future in the
  conditional clause we do not use will with if.
• Perhaps she will come tomorrow.Then we will study
  together.
• If she comes tomorrow,we will study together
• Perhaps it will not be her day off tomorrow.Then
  I will go shopping alone
• If it is not her day of tomorrow,I will go
  shopping alone

8
The tenses we can use in type 1

1. Variations of will (will be doing,will have
   done,will have been doing)
2. May/Might/Could (Possibility)
3. May(Permission) and can (Permission or Ability)
4. Must/have to/have got to(necessity)/should/ought
   to/had better(advisibility) and any expression of
   command,request,suggestion or advice.
5. The simple present tenses

9
The structures that we can use in IF CLAUSES

1. Can (Permission or Ability)
2. Have to(necessity)
3. Present Continuous Tense
4. Present Perfect Tense
5. Should

10

• E.g
• If he can have a permission,it will be an
  enjoyable night
• If she should come with us,we will make a
  surprise to her
• If she cannot come with us,we will still make a
  surprise to her

11

• E.g
• If he can go out,it will be a good night
• If she might come with us,we will enjoy together
• If he cannot go out,it will make no difference
• If she might not come with us,she will not be sad

12

• Type 2Untrue (contrary to fact) in the
  present tense
• We use this to talk about things which are not
  real and made up by human minds.
• Unreal activities.
• If it were our day off today,we would have a
  barbecue in the garden(present)
• If it were our day off tomorrow,we would have a
  barbecue in the garden(future)

13

• We also use this structure when we think about
  and action about future but say just the
  opposite.That is why the tense that we should use
  should be past tense to stress that they are
  unreal events.
• Truth I dont have enough money now,so I cannot
  lend you any to buy that t-shirt(present)
• Conditionals If I had enough money now,I would
  lend you some to buy that t-shirt
• Here,even though we use past tense meaning is
  present tense.

14
The tenses that we can use in type 2

• 1-The structures used in Main Clause
• Would/would be doing
• Could/would be able to/might/would have to
• 2-The structures used in Conditional Clause
• Past form of be (was/were)

15

• Past Tense
• Could / had to
• Should

16

• E.g
• If he could have the money,he would go on a
  holiday
• If she could get permission,she will be free for
  tonight
• If he could save money,he would get a new car

17

• Type 3Untrue (contrary to fact) in the past
• We use this type to talk about past things
  which are not true.
• If the weather had been nice yesterday,we would
  have sat in the garden(past)
• If it had been our day off yesterday,we would
  have had a barbecue in the garden (past)

18

• This type is also used to talk about something
  that we think about past and think just the
  opposite of events.
• Truth She did not hard enough,so she didnt pass
  the test.
• Conditional If she studied hard enough,she would
  have passed the test

19
The structures that we can use in type 3

1. Would have done / would have been doing
2. Would have had to / would have been able to
3. Might have done (possibility) / could have done
   (permission and ability)

20
The tenses that we can use in type 3

• Past Perfect Tense
• Past Perfect Continuous (had been doing)
• Had had to / had been able to

21
SUMMARY OF IF CLAUSES
22
Tense Combinations in Type 0
If clause Main Clause do/does present tense
23
Tense combinations in Type 1
If Clause Main Clause do/does will am/is/are will be doing have/has done will have been can/have to/must may/might be to do must/have to
24
Tense combinations in Type 2
If clause Main Clause was/were would did/was/were to do would be able to was/were doing could had to might
25
Tense combinations in Type 3
If Clause Main Clause had done would have done had been doing would have been doing had had to do might have done had been able to would have had to do
26

WISH CLAUSES
27

• Wish as a meaning equals with want or would like.
• I wish I were a fish in your dish.?
• I wish I had a car
• I wish I did not do that to my friend

28
Forms of Wish Clauses

• A wish about the present
• Ali is not as tall as his friend Ahmet.
• Ali wishes he were as tall as his friend Ahmet
• I do not know where he is.
• I wish I knew where he was

29

• A wish about the past
• He was not here yesterday, so he missed the party
• I wish he had been here yesterday
• I could not get up early yesterday, so I was late
  for my date
• I wish I could have got up early yesterday

30

• A wish about the future
• I am sure it will be wonderful picnic
• I wish you would come too.
• You are driving too fast.
• I wish you would slow down

31
Metin Kivanç Ayhan 1090620052IIÖP