Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition

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Toddler and Preschooler Nutrition
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Key Nutrition Concepts

• Children continue to grow and develop physically,
  cognitively, and emotionally during the toddler
  and preschool age years
• Learning to enjoy new foods and developing
  feeding skills are important components

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Key Nutrition Concepts

• Children have an innate ability to self-regulate
  food intake.
• Parents and caretakers have tremendous influence

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Definitions of the Life Cycle Stage

• Toddlerschildren between the ages of 1 and 3
  years
• Preschool age childrenbetween 3 and 5 years of
  age

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Tracking Toddler and Preschooler Health

• Importance of nutrition status
• Disparity of nutrition status among racial and
  ethnic groups
• Healthy People 2010

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Normal Growth and Development

• The 2000 CDC Growth Charts
• body mass index (BMI)
• Common problems with measuring and plotting
  growth data

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Physiological and Cognitive Development Toddlers

• Cognitive development
• Development of feeding skills
• Feeding behaviors
• Appetite and food intake

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Physiological and Cognitive Development
Preschoolers

• Cognitive development
• Development of feeding skills
• Feeding behaviors
• Innate ability to control energy intake
• Appetite and food intake

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Other Factors

• Temperament differences
• 40 easy, 10 difficult, 15 slow-to-warm-up
• Food preference development, appetite, and
  satiety
• appetite and satiety

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Energy and Nutrient Needs

• Energy needs
• Protein
• Vitamins and minerals

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Common Nutrition Problems

• Iron-deficiency anemia
• preventing iron deficiency
• nutrition intervention for iron-deficiency anemia
• Dental caries
• fluoride
• Constipation
• Lead poisoning

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• Food security
• Food safety

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Prevention of Nutrition-Related Disorders

• Overweight and obesity
• Prevention and treatment of overweight and
  obesity
• Nutrition and prevention of cardiovascular
  disease
• Vitamin and mineral supplements
• Herbal supplements

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Dietary and Physical Activity Recommendations

• Dietary guidelines
• Food Guide Pyramid developed by the USDA for
  young children

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Recommendations for Intake

• Iron
• Fiber
• Fat
• Calcium
• Fluids
• Recommended vs. actual food intake

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Other Concerns

• Cross-cultural considerations
• Vegetarian diets
• vegan and macrobiotic diet children tend to have
  lower growth rates but remain within normal
  ranges
• Child-care nutrition standards
• Physical activity recommendations

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Nutrition Intervention for Risk Reduction

• Model program
• Bright Futures in Practice Nutrition
• Public food and nutrition programs
• WIC
• WICs Farmers Market Nutrition Program
• Head Start and Early Head Start
• Food Stamps