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FIRE AND FIRE FIGHTING

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FIRE AND FIRE FIGHTING Electrical Equipment Motors, switches lights, wiring that over heats, short circuits, are a common cause of fire out breaks in premises. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: FIRE AND FIRE FIGHTING


1
  • FIRE AND FIRE FIGHTING

2
INTRODUCTION
  • (A). REVIEW OF THE LAST LESSON

3
(B). OVERVIEW
  • The major aim of this lesson is to equip the
    class with knowledge of fire prevention and the
    use of hand fire extinguishers.

4
(C) MOTIVATION
  • Many of us have had a chance of sighting fire
    outbreaks. It should be noted that all airside
    operators should always identify fire out breaks
    because its important for safety.

5
(D) OBJECTIVE
  • By the end of this training session, students
    should be able to
  • 1.Define fire
  • 2.Tell different classes of fire and their
    extinguishing media.
  • 3.Stop any outbreak/spread of fire
  • 4.Extinguish fire.

6
FIRE
  • What is fire?

7
definition
  • Fire is a chemical reaction involving rapid
    oxidation or burning of a fuel. It needs three
    elements to occur
  • Fuel
  • Oxygen
  • Heat

8
FUEL
9
Fuel
  • This can be any combustible material solid,
    liquid, or gas. Most solids and liquids will
    become a vapour or gas before they will burn.

10
OXYGEN
11
Oxygen
  • The air we breath is about 21 oxygen, but fire
    will need an atmosphere with at least 16 oxygen.

12
HEAT
13
Heat
  • Heat is the energy necessary to increase the
    temperature of the fuel to a point where
    sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to
    occur.

14
CHEMICAL REACTION
A
  • A chain reaction can occur when the three
    elements of fire are present in the proper
    conditions and proportions. This is referred to
    as the triangle of fire.
  • Fire occurs when this rapid oxidation or burning
    takes place.

15
Contd
  • When any of these factors are taken away, fire
    will be extinguished or it cannot occur
    completely.

16
Classification of fires
  • Fires are classified differently according to the
    different materials that will support the
    triangle of fire.

17
CLASS A
  • Class A fires are caused by ordinary combustibles
    or fibrous materials such as wood, paper, cloth,
    rubber, and some plastics.

18
CLASS B
  • . Class B fires are those due to flammable or
    combustible liquids such as gasoline, kerosene,
    paint, paint thinners and propane.

19
CLASS C
  • Class C fires are caused by electric current.
    These fires are called electric fires. They are
    normally very bright and will normally exceed
    temperatures of class A and Class B fires.

20
CLASS D
  • Class D fires are caused by combustible
    chemicals such as magnesium, titanium, potassium
    and sodium.

21
What to consider before extinguishing a fire.
  • Different classes of fire are extinguished
    differently with different fire extinguishing
    materials.

22
Class A
  • Class A fires are due to ordinary combustibles
    such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some
    plastics.
  • Ordinary materials such as water and sand can
    effectively put out class A fires. Other
    materials such as form, carbon dioxide solution,
    dry chemical powder, can also put out these fires.

23
  • All ratings are shown on the extinguisher
    faceplate. Some extinguishers are marked with
    multiple ratings such as AB, BC and ABC. These
    extinguishers are capable of putting out more
    than one class of fire.

24
Class B fires
  • These are due to flammable liquids e.g. gasoline,
    kerosene, paint thinners and propane.
  • Fire extinguishers such as foam, carbon dioxide,
    BC rated dry chemical powder, multipurpose dry
    chemical powder extinguishers may be used.

25
  • Class A and B extinguishers carry a numerical
    rating that indicates how large a fire an
    experienced person can safely put out with that
    extinguisher.

26
Class C fires.
  • These are due to electric currents.
  • Carbon dioxide, ordinary dry chemical powder and
    multipurpose dry chemical powder fire
    extinguishers may be used. DO NOT USE water on
    energized electric equipment.

27
  • Class C extinguishers have only a letter rating
    to indicate that the extinguishing agent will not
    conduct electrical current. Class C extinguishers
    must also carry Class A and B ratings. This is
    because they can also put out these fires.

28
Class D fires
  • These are chemical fires due to magnesium,
    titanium, potassium, and sodium.
  • These are extinguished using dry chemical powder
    agents specially designated for class D fires.
  • class D extinguishers carry only a letter rating
    indicating their effectiveness on certain amounts
    of specific metals.

29
COMMON FIRE HAZARDS
30
Open flames
  • These include burners, dryers, incinerators, and
    many other emitters of heat that are not properly
    located or protected.

31
Spontaneous ignition
  • This is a slow build up of heat in piles of
    rubbish, oily cans of waste, etc.

32
Hot surfaces
  • Combustibles placed so close to furnaces, fuels,
    pipes, etc

33
Mechanical sparks
  • Caused by foreign metal objects in machinery,
    dropping and collision of metals to produce heat,
    or sparks.

34
Electrical Equipment
  • Motors, switches lights, wiring that over heats,
    short circuits, are a common cause of fire out
    breaks in premises.

35
Friction
  • Objects rubbing together are a common source of
    fire. Poorly lubricated surfaces should be always
    monitored.

36
Portable heaters
  • Gas furnaces, stoves, etc left very close to
    combustible materials are also a common fire
    hazard.

37
Static electricity
  • Produces static sparks especially in low humidity
    areas.

38
Chemicals
  • These can ignite or explode. Examples include
    petrol, Jet A 1. ethane, alcohol and other
    chemicals.

39
Smoking
  • Smoking done in prohibited areas, careless
    disposal of ashes, cigarette ends, and matches
    can be a terrible fire hazard.

40
Welding and cutting
  • Without proper safety precautions, welding can be
    fire hazard. Its advisable to do it in a safe
    room if possible.

41
Arson
  • This is starting fire deliberately. It should be
    reported to immediately. Also report suspicious
    persons to the authorities.

42
FIRE PREVENTION
  • Almost all fires can be prevented before they
    start.
  • one can effectively control fires by being
    safety conscious at all times one is at work. To
    prevent fires, one should do the following.

43
  • FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS
  • Perform your job as it should be done.
    Acquaint your self with all required safety
    procedures.

44
INSPECT YOUR EQUIPMENT
  • Any defective equipment should be reported
    immediately. Fire fighting equipment should be
    checked regularly to make sure its in a good
    working order.

45
DEVELOP SAFE-WORKING PROCEDURES
  • Learn to be tidy at work . Be conscious of all
    materials that could be source of fire, and could
    ignite easily.

46
EXERCISE CAREFULL USE OF FLAMABLES
  • Handle flammables with care. Store in containers
    that could be well earthed. When transporting
    them, avoid spillages that could be a source of
    fire. Dispersal procedures should be exercised.

47
CORRECT HARZARDS
  • Every hazard you find at your place of work
    should be corrected.

48
Other fire fighting methods
  • Drenching
  • Smothering
  • Beating

49
DRENCHING
  • Here fire is put out using water from a hose
    reel, or fire bucket.

50
SMOTHERING
  • here fire is put out by cutting off oxygen. This
    is done with a blanket, or sand.

51
BEATING
  • This is done with a shovel.
  • NOTE all the above methods however are for fires
    involving ordinary combustibles (class A) only.

52
  • Portable fire extinguishers are in many shapes
    and sizes.
  • Operator must be familiar with the different
    types and their operating procedures.
  • In case of an emergency, every second counts.

53
How to use portable fire extinguishers
  • The general operating instructions follow the
    letters P-P-P-S
  • P- pull the pin at the extinguisher that keeps
    the handle locked from being pressed down.
  • P- point the nozzle or out let towards the fire.
    Some hose assemblies are clipped to the
    extinguisher body. Unplug it and point at the
    fire.

54
Contd
  • P- Press the handle above the carrying handle to
    discharge the agent inside. The handle can be
    released to stop the discharge any time.
  • S- Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base
    of flames to disperse the extinguishing agent.

55
  • After the fire is out, probe for the remaining
    smoldering hot spots or possible re-flash of
    flammable liquids. Make sure the fire is out.

56
The end
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