Common Eye Disease

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Title: Common Eye Disease

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Common Eye Disease

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Common Eye Disease

Refractive errors like nearsightedness and
farsightedness, astigmatism, presbyopia
Allergies to dust, pollution gases, pollen etc.
Infection of eye lids like stye, chalazion
Squint
Cataract
Glaucoma
Tumors
Age related macular degeneration
Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy
Optic nerve related disease
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A visit to a ophthalmologist is recommended once
a year and if symptoms enlisted below are present
then immediate visit is required.

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symptoms-

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Refractive errors

Myopia- Rays from the distant object comes to a
focus in front of retina.
Hypermetropia -Rays from the object comes to a
focus behind the retina.
Astigmatism -It is the refractive error in which
the focusing of rays from far object is not the
same in the different meridians of the refracting
system of the eye.
Presbyopia- Physiological condition when the
accommodative power of the normal lens become
less.

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Treatment

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Allergies

These are caused due to dust, increasing
pollution , toxic gases.
These allergies might be seasonal e.g summer
(dust) or spring season (pollen grains).
Symptoms- redness, itching, watering, swelling of
eyelids or lid margins.
Treatment is antiallergic eye drops and steroid
eye drops.
Prevention of allergens .
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Infections

Stye is infection of hair follicle on eyelids.
This causes swelling and pain on lid margins
Chalazion is pea like swelling on the lids, this
is due to chronic inflammation of mebomian glands
of the eyelids.
Blephritis is chronic inflammation of eyelid
margins leading to dryness and flaking. This
gives rise to itching of eyes, lid margins and
corner of eyes. Redness and dryness of eyes
causes discomfort.

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Infection

Conjunctivitis - Bacterial, viral and allergic.
Keratitis - Infection of cornea. Sometimes leads
to ulcer formation.
Uveitis- inflammation and infection of inner
layers of eye, which is associated with other
systemic disease like arthritis and tuberculosis
etc. this if not diagnose in time can lead to
permanent decrease of vision.
Symptoms are redness of eyes and reduction in
vision. Discomfort in bright light and eye pain.

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Treatment of infection and inflammation

Depends on the cause allergic or infection
Inflammation is treated by supportive treatment
and tear substitute. Causative systemic disease
has to be diagnosed and treated.
Infection is treated by oral and local
antibiotics and antiviral. Painkillers and
antacids are supportive modalities

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Other disease in young adults.

Squint
Misalignment of visual axis or when both eyes are
not looking in the same direction.
Paralytic or concomitant
Muscle paralysis or neurological reason.
Treatment is evaluation, spectacles and surgery.

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Cataract

Opacity in the natural crystalline lens is called
cataract.
Old age disease but can occur in newborn babies
and adults due to infection in intrauterine
period or malnutrition. Certain metabolic disease
also cause cataract in young.
Treatment is surgery phacoemulsification with
artificial lens implantation.

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Glaucoma

This is defined as raised intraocular pressure
Changes in the perimetery or visual field
Change in optic nerve.
Vision lost due to this is irreversible so quick
diagnosis and treatment is an answer
Usually occurs in above 40 age group, family
history , hypermetropia
Hypertension is a risk factor.
Check your eye pressure on every visit to an eye
doctor ( if you are above 40 yrs )
Treatment eye drops ,laser iridotomy,surgery.

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Symptoms of glaucomacolored halos, redness, pain
in eyes
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Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy

Retinopathy and cataract are commonest eye
problem in diabetics.
Early diagnosis is required because there could
be irreversible damage to eye site.
Retinopathy may lead to retinal detachment and
glaucoma which can permanently damage eyesight.
If detected early patients can be managed
medically by OCT, FFA and laser treatment

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Complication of diabetes in eyes

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Optic nerve related disease