Title: CL215415 OPERATIONS CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONSSTRAGEGY AND TACTICAL CONCIDERATIONS A BASIC HOW TO
1CL-215/415 OPERATIONSCAPABILITIES AND
LIMITATIONS-STRAGEGY AND TACTICAL
CONCIDERATIONSA BASIC HOW TO GUIDE FOR AERIAL
SUPERVISORS WORKING WITH SCOOPING AIRCRAFT
2WHAT THIS PRESENTATION IS ALL ABOUT
- A SELF STUDY AND GUIDE FOR THE USE OF CL SCOOPING
AIRCRAFT ON WILDLAND FIRES - HELP DEVELOP AN UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN SUPERVISION
RESOURSES AND SCOOPING CREWS
3BRIEF HISTORY
- THE CL 215 WAS FIRST MANUFACTURED BY CANADAIR.
NOW OWNED BY BOMBARDIER - STARTED PRODUCTION IN 1969
- USE MAINLY IN CANADA, WORLDWIDE, LIMITED USE IN
US - USE IN MINNESOTA, NORTH CAROLINA AND LOS ANGELES
COUNTY CALIFORNIA
4BRIEF HISTORY
- IN THE LAST 4 TO 5 YEARS MORE USE IN US. WESTERN
STATES LIKE MONTANA AND WASHINGTON - 2004 HEAVY USE IN AK
- 2005 CONTRACT FOR 2 SCOOPERS AND ONE CWN
CONTRACT
5Characteristics Comparisons215/415
CL 215
CL 415
6CL-2151400 gals water
R-2000 Radial engines
Two-tank, two-door 1400 gal water tank system
with foam concentrate for up to 19 drops.
7CL-4151600 gals water
PW Canada PW123AF turboprop engines .
Air-conditioned cockpit with electronic displays.
Powered flight controls.
Four-tank, four-door 1600 gal water tank system
with foam concentrate for up to 19 drops.
8CL-215
Operational endurance 3.5 hours Cruise speed
140 knots Drop speed 100 knots Acquisition Cost
3mil US
9CL-215
Water Tank System
Water header tanks
Overflow vent
Ground-fill adapter (both sides)
Water drop door 63 inches by 32 inches (1.6 m by
0.81 m)
VIEW LOOKING BACK
10CL-415
Operational endurance 4 hours Cruise speed
170 knots Drop speed 105-110 knots Acquisition
Cost 25mil US
114 Door Drop System
CL-415
Removable water header tanks
Overflow vent
Ground-fill adapter (both sides) Fills at 1893
litres/min (500 gal/min)
Integral hull water tanks
Water drop door 160 cm by 28 cm (63 inches by 11
inches)
VIEW LOOKING BACK
12SCOOPER PROBE
13SCOOPER PROBE
TWO PROBES ONE ON EACH SIDE OF THE AIRCRAFT
KEEL Approx. 5 x 8 in size
14Rate of Climb Comparison
CL-215/415
15CL-215/415Speed Comparison
CL-215
CL-415
Maximum Cruise
164 knots
187 knots
Normal Cruise
150 knots
170 knots
Long Range Cruise
138 knots
150 knots
Stall 37,000 lb.
69 knots
69 knots
- flap 25 degrees
Stall after skimming
76 knots
80 knots
- flap 25 degrees
16CL-215/415Drop Comparison
CL-415
Salvo
CL-215
Trail
CL-415
CL-215
17CL 215 / 415
Any Questions On Characteristics/Capabilities/ Lim
itations Comparisons?
18Scooping Requirements Circuits for the CL
215/415
19CL-215 Scooping Data Requirements
20 CL-415 Scooping Data Requirements
21Approach
- Water area has been cleared and checked
- Probes are down when landing
- Can touch down with probes up, then extend, but
not necessary
22Beginning to Load
- Probes down
- Full power is applied and aircraft is on step
filling tanks - Co-pilot is monitoring scooped water level and
retracts probes when full
23Nearing Full
- Still at full power
- When water level is met, probes are raised
- Only when probes are lifted can aircraft lift-off
water (aircraft still at - full power)
24Full And Climbing Out To Fire Area
ONCE FULL, OVER-FLOW COMES OUT SIDES JUST ABOVE
RETRACTED LANDING GEAR, THE PROBES ARE UP AND
CLIMB TO FIRE BEGINS. ATGS, ATS, LP ATP SHOULD
NOT DISTURB CREW DURING SCOOPING OPERATIONS.
25EMERGENCY LANDING WITH FULL LOAD
- CAN LAND WITH LOAD ON THE WATER.
- WILL OPEN TANK DOORS IN WATER TO EXSPELL HALF OF
LOAD.
26CL 215/415 FLIGHT CIRCUITSScooping and Dropping
27Water Scooper Circuit
- Definition
- The flight path from the water pick-up to the
target and back to the water pick-up.
ATS/ATGS in right hand orbit above scoopers
28Parts of the Circuit
Water Pick-Up Leg
Base Leg for Pick-Up
Base Leg for Drop
Drop Leg
29Factors Affecting Circuit Size
- Aircraft maneuverability
- Aircraft rate of climb
- Aircraft stall speed
- Crosswind capability
- Water pick-up time and distance
- Other tactical aircraft within circuit legs
helicopters, airtankers - Terrain
30Types of Circuits
- Single Circuits
- Multiple Circuits
31Single Circuits
A single circuit is a common circuit that is
flown by all air tankers employed in a particular
action.
- Typical
- U-Shaped
- Figure Eight
32Single Circuits
Typical
Water pick-up into the wind.
Wind direction
Drop downwind.
33Single Circuits
U-Shaped
Wind direction
Both water pick-up and drop made into the wind.
34Single Circuits
Figure Eight
35Multiple Circuits
- Established when
- 1) More than one pick-up lake is being used due
to tankers with different performance
capabilities. - 2) Dropping on different target areas on the same
fire.
- Requires
- Good visibility.
- Good situational awareness.
36Multiple Circuits
- Intersecting
- Parallel
- Concentric
37Multiple Circuits
Intersecting
Wind direction
38Multiple Circuits
Parallel - Same Target
39Multiple Circuits
Parallel - Different Targets
Wind direction
40Multiple Circuits
Concentric
Wind direction
41AIR TANKER CIRCUITS
Questions?
42Tank and Gate System - Scoopers
Report any malfunction to the tanker crew
immediately!
- Signs of malfunction
- Water streaming from doors (leaking seal).
- Reduced or dispersed drop cloud (doors not
opening properly). - Doors not closing after drop (serious hazard to
crew).
43FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- JUST BECAUSE WE USED A LAKE ONE DAY, DOESNT MEAN
IT CAN BE USED ANOTHER. WINDS, WATER CONDITIONS
CAN CHANGE HOURLY AND AFFECT SCOOPING. MANY WATER
SOURCES ARE SEASONAL AS WELL.
44FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- WATER SOURCES NEED TO BE 10 FEET DEEP. CL
AIRCRAFT DRAW APPROX. 3-4 FEET. LESS IN A SCOOP.
PILOTS ALWAYS KEEP IN MIND THAT IF THEY HAVE TO
LAND ON THE LAKE, DO THEY HAVE ENOUGH DEPTH TO
FLOAT AND OPEN THEIR TANK DOORS IF NEEDED.
45FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- CLEAR WATER IS HARD TO JUDGE THE DEPTH. MUDDY OR
DARK WATER WILL MOST LIKELY STAY AWAY FROM.
LOCAL INFO ON WATER SOURCE IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT - WHILE ENROUTE TO FIRE AND OVER FIRE, SCOUT FOR
OTHER WATER SITES TO SCOOP FROM - SCOOPERS CAN PICK UP WATER ON THE WAY TO THE FIRE
46FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- IF POSSIBLE, FLY BEHIND AND HIGH TO THE CL
AIRCRAFT DURING FIRST SCOOP. LOOK FOR MUCK AND
LAKE BOTTOM DEBRIS THAT COULD BE BROUGHT UP IF
WATER DEPTH IS TO LOW. WORK THIS OUT WITH THE
ARRIVING SCOOPER.
47FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- NOT ONLY DISTANCE TO THE FIRE IS A CONCIDERATION,
BUT TIME AS WELL - CONSIDER CLIMB TO FIRE IN MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN
- ASSURTAIN FROM CREW AS TO EFFECTIVENESS AND
EFFICENCNY OF SCOOPING OPERATIONS
48FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- DONT BRING SCOOPERS IN HIGH. WORK SCOOPERS LOW
LIKE HELICOPTERS. WORK OUT AIRSPACE WITH
HELICOPTERS. SCOOPERS NEED TO WORK LOW BECAUSE OF
SCOOPING CIRCUITS.
49FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- SCOOPERS ARE NOT LINE BUILDERS WITH WATER AND/OR
FOAM. USE IN DIRECT ATTACK - THEY CAN HOLD RETARDANT IN THEIR TANKS, BUT
CANNOT BE USED IN THE US AND AK BECAUSE OF IATB
CRITERIA AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS.
50FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- EXTREMELY GOOD IA TOOL. WORKS BEST IN TANDOM WITH
OTHER SCOOPERS. - LARGE VOLUMES OF WATER IN A SHORT PERIOD OF TIME
51FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- DESPITE CONVENTIONAL THOUGHT, THE SCOOPER IS WELL
SUITED FOR HITTING THE HEAD OF THE FIRE. DISCUSS
THIS TACTIC WITH THE SCOOPER CREW - FOR PLANNING PURPOSES, THINK ABOUT STAGGERING
SCOOPERS ON FUEL FOR CONTINOUS OPERATION
52FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- 215 VS 415
- 415 HAULS 200 GALS MORE THAN 215
- 415 HAS A 40 KT HIGHER DASH SPEED HIGH AFTER
SCOOP THAN THE 215 - CLIMB 215 300fpm, 415 1000fpm HOT DAY
- 415 HAS SHORTER CIRCUIT DISTANCE AND WILL LAP
215s
53FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND
- TREAT SCOOPERS ALMOST THE SAME AS HELICOPTERS
- GIVE THEM AN ASSIGNMENT, TURN THEM LOOSE AND
MONITOR - TACTICS SHOULD ALSO BE SIMILAR
- USE TO SUPPORT GROUND TROOPS AND OTHER RETARDANT
DROPS MADE
54FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND Tactical Use of Foam
Specific Guidelines
- Apply directly on flame front for rapid
knockdown. - Heavy foam blanket ahead of fire to protect
value. - Protecting structures and equipment.
- Reinforce fireline or natural barrier.
55FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND Tactical Use of Foam
- Foam consistency
- Wet - watery fast drain times (0.3)
- Dripping - watery shaving cream will run on
vertical surfaces (0.5) - Dry - mostly air fluffy does not immediately
run on vertical surfaces (0.8-1.0)
56FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND Foam Quality
- Is requested foam mix ratio appropriate?
- Is foam penetrating canopy?
- Is foam having desired effect on the fire?
57FACTORS TO KEEP IN MIND Turn Around Time
- If turn around time is excessive, consider
another pick-up lake or an additional tanker. - If lapping of air tankers a problem, discuss
with crews. 215s will be lapped in circuits with
415s. - If fire may be lost due to long turn around time,
request additional tankers immediately!
58FACTORS TO KEEP IN MINDInfra-Red IR
- ALL CL AIRCRAFT OWNED AND OPERATED BY AEROFLITE
HAVE IR INSTALLED USED TO LOCATE FIRE, GAPS AND
HARD TO SEE DROP AREAS.
59FACTORS TO KEEP IN MINDInfra-Red IR
60CL 415 VIDEOclick on black screen to play video
61FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT
- MATT ZIOMEK OR JOHN BELL OF AEROFLITE KINGMAN,
AZ - 928-757-1002
- MIKE LYNN BLM-NAO 661-917-5124
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