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Title: Learning, Earning, and Investing Investment Basics


1
Learning, Earning, and InvestingInvestment
Basics
2

Funding for this workshop is provided by
National Council on Economic Education US Dept
of Education University of Illinois Extension
3
Instructors
  • Dr. Angela Lyons, Associate Professor
    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
    (217) 244-2612 anglyons_at_uiuc.edu
  • Debra Bartman, Extension Educator
    Quad Cities Center
    (309) 792-2500 (x217)
    dbartman_at_uiuc.edu
  • Patricia Hildebrand, Extension Educator
    Effingham Extension Center
    (217) 347-5126 phildebr_at_uiuc.edu

4
Objectives
  • Introduce
  • (1) Learning, Earning, and Investing
  • (2) The Stock Market Game
  • (3) Plan Well, Retire Well
  • Experience activities to use in the classroom
  • Answer questions about curriculum and other
    resources

5
You will receive
  • Curricula with lessons and activities to use in
    the classroom
  • 6 CPDUs
  • Certification to reproduce and replicate workshop
    materials
  • Network of colleagues to share experiences
  • Resources available at U of I Extension

6
Why Is Saving and Investing Education Important?
Setting the Stage.
7
Increasing Consumer Responsibilities
  • Movement towards the privatization of social
    security.
  • Over 92 of pensions today are defined
    contribution plans, not defined benefit plans.

8
Financial World Has Become More Complex
  • The number of financial services offered to
    consumers has increased.
  • There has also been an increase in the number of
    financial products that are offered.
  • Credit-scoring technology has improved.

9
People Are Involved in the Financial Markets
  • Millions of small investors have increased their
    net worth by participating in the stock and bond
    markets.
  • Millions of other investors depend on income from
    owning stocks and bonds.

10
Importance of Financial Education
  • Many Americans, especially young adults, lack
    the basic knowledge and skills needed to make
    informed financial decisions and manage their
    investments effectively.

11
Its Hard to Learn What You Are Not Taught
  • Financial education is a growing national
    priority.
  • Stock market simulations and games are very
    popular.
  • But young people cant learn financial skills
    unless they are taught explicitly.

12
  • Several studies of financial education programs,
    especially those with specific objectives such as
    increasing savings or decreasing debt, have
    succeeded in improving the financial behaviors of
    young people and other consumers.

13
Where Do You Find Data?
  • The Federal Reserve Board
  • http//www.federalreserve.gov/
  • Brian K. Bucks, Arthur B. Kennickell, and Kevin
    B. Moore. 2006. Recent Changes in U.S. Family
    Finances Evidence from the 2001 and 2004 Survey
    of Consumer Finances. Federal Reserve Bulletin,
    vol. 92, pp. A1 A38.

14
Learning, Earning and InvestingAn Overview
  • 23 lessons
  • High school and middle school
  • Complete lesson plans
  • Web site (http//lei.ncee.net)
  • Accompanies stock market simulations or
    games
  • Linked to standards NCEE, NCTM, Jumptart
  • Field tested and reviewed

15
Table of Contents
Theme 1 Basics of Financial Investing
  1. Why Save?
  2. Investors and Investments
  3. Invest in Yourself
  4. What Is a Stock?
  1. Reading the Financial Pages In Print and Online
  2. What Is a Bond?
  3. What Are Mutual Funds?
  4. How to Buy and Sell Stocks and Bonds

16

Theme 2 The Markets
  • What Is a Stock Market?
  • The Language of Financial Markets
  • Financial Institutions in the U.S. Economy

17

Theme 3 Financial Planning
  1. Building Wealth Over the Long Term
  2. Researching Companies
  3. Credit Your Best Friend or Your Worst Enemy?
  4. Why Dont People Save?
  5. What Weve Learned

18

Theme 4 The Markets and the Economy (High School
only)
  1. How Financial Institutions Help Businesses Grow
  2. How Are Stock Prices Determined?
  3. The Role of Government in Financial Markets
  4. The Stock Market and the Economy
    Can You Forecast the Future?
  5. Lessons from History Stock Market Crashes
  6. Investing Internationally Currency Value Changes
  7. Investing Involves Decision Making

19
Lessons
  • Description
  • Key concepts
  • Objectives
  • Time required
  • Materials
  • Procedure
  • Visuals
  • Activities
  • Closure
  • Assessment (multiple-choice and essay)

Glossary terms for all lessons (pp. 323-332)
20
Key Features of the LEI Web Site
  • About the Materials
  • Table of Contents
  • Sample Lessons
  • FAQs
  • Order Information
  • Resources
  • Interactives
  • Related Web Links
  • Related Lessons
  • Glossary
  • Visuals on PowerPoint
  • State Stock Market Games

21
Web Site http//lei.ncee.net
22
Table of Contents Lessons Concepts National
Standards
23
Resources Interactives Investment Web
links Related Lessons Visuals Stock Market
Simulations Workshop Leaders Guide
24
LEI Lessons
Lesson 4 What is a Stock?Lesson 7 What are
Mutual Funds?Lesson 12 Building Wealth for
the Long-TermLesson 15 Why Dont People
Save?Lesson 18 How Are Stock Prices Determined?
25
Lesson 4
What is a Stock?
26
Income, Saving and Investing
  • Households earn income.
  • Income is payments received by a household by
    selling or renting productive resources.
  • Households usually spend some of their income and
    save some of it.
  • Saving is income not spent on consumption or
    taxes.
  • Some households use their savings to purchase
    stocks.

27
Activity 1 Certificate of Ownership (p.42)
  • Students work in small groups that are
    households.
  • For each correct T/F answer, students receive a
    strip of paper worth 15 shares of stock in The
    Economics and Mathematics Knowledge Company.
  • Groups that answer all questions correctly
    receive a stock certificate worth 150 shares.
    Groups that answer fewer questions correctly
    receive fewer shares.

28
Visual 1Mathematics and Economics Questions
  • Question 1.
  • Stocks represent ownership in a corporation.

29
  • Answer 1.
  • True.
  • Stocks are shares of ownership in a corporation.

30
  • Question 2.
  • 50 written as a decimal is 5/100.

31
  • Answer 2.
  • False.
  • 50 written as a decimal is .5.

32
  • Question 3.
  • Mark bought 100 shares of Nike stock, and each
    share sold for 35.50. If no fees were involved,
    Mark paid 3,550 for the shares.

33
  • Answer 3.
  • True.
  • 100 x 35.50 3,550.

34
  • Question 4.
  • If Jenny has 100 in a savings account and earns
    2 percent interest this month, she has earned 20
    in interest.

35
  • Answer 4.
  • False.
  • 2 percent of 100 2.00

36
  • Question 5.
  • The closing price for a share of Wal-Mart stock
    was 37.25. This means that the price of the
    share was 37 and one-quarter of a dollar.
    One-quarter of a dollar is .20.

37
  • Answer 5.
  • False.
  • The closing price for a share of Wal-Mart stock
    was 37 and one-quarter of a dollar. One-quarter
    of a dollar is .25, not .20.

38
  • Question 6.
  • People who own stocks are guaranteed a return on
    the money they have invested in stocks.

39
  • Answer 6.
  • False.
  • Investing is stocks involves risk. Less risky
    investments are savings accounts and government
    bonds.

40
  • Question 7.
  • The only way stockholders make money is through
    dividend payments while they own the stock.

41
  • Answer 7.
  • False.
  • Stockholders make money through dividend
    payments or by owning stocks that increase in
    value.

42
  • Question 8.
  • One way stockholders make money is to sell their
    stock for more than they paid for it.

43
  • Answer 8.
  • True.
  • A common way for stockholders to make money is
    to sell their stock for more than they paid for
    it.

44
  • Question 9.
  • Stockholders can reduce the risk on their stock
    investment by diversifying their portfolios.

45
  • Answer 9.
  • True.
  • A common way for stockholders to reduce risk is
    by owning stocks in a variety of corporations.

46
  • Question 10.
  • The New York Stock Exchange is the only place
    where people can buy and sell stocks.

47
  • Answer 10.
  • False.
  • In addition to the New York Stock Exchange,
    people may buy stocks on the American Stock
    Exchange and the NASDAQ.

48
Shares and Dividends
  • Calculate shares
  • Calculate dividends
  • Dividends are equal to 1/5th of a share
  • 15 shares 3 pieces of candy (1/5 X 15 3)
  • 30 shares 6
  • 45 shares 9
  • 60 shares 12
  • 75 shares 15, etc.

49
Wrap-Up
  • Role playing (Activity 2)
  • Closure (discussion questions)
  • Assessment (multiple choice and essay)

50
Lesson 7
What are Mutual Funds?
51
Mutual Funds and Investment Clubs
  • In this lesson, students form class investment
    clubs that work much in the way mutual funds do.
  • They invest 3,000 in up to six stocks.
  • One year later they revalue their shares and
    determine how the total value has changed.
  • They read about mutual funds to learn about the
    advantages of diversification.

52
Class Investment Clubs
  • Each club has 3000 to invest.
  • You may buy any of 6 stocks, but you must buy at
    least 3 stocks. You may divide money among all 6
    stocks if you wish.
  • You must invest the entire 3000.

53
Activity 1 Year One An Example (p. 95)
Company Price per Share No. of Shares Owned Amount Invested
American Cellular 5 100 500
Big Box Stores 20 50 1,000
Biotech Industries 10 0 0
General Grocery 20 0 0
Giant Auto 10 100 1,000
Gold Mining Group 5 100 500
Total Investment Value XXXX XXXX 3,000

54
Activity 2 One Year Later An Example (p. 96)
Company Price per Share No. of Shares Owned Amount Invested Investment Value 1 Year Later
American Cellular 8 100 500 800
Big Box Stores 23 50 1,000 1,150
Biotech Industries 8 0 0 0
General Grocery 22 0 0 0
Giant Auto 11 100 1,000 1,100
Gold Mining Group 4 100 500 400
Total Investment Value XXXX XXXX 3,000 3,450

55
Yahoo! Finance http//finance.yahoo.com
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MSN Money http//moneycentral.msn.com
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CNN Money http//money.cnn.com
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Visual 2 Types of Mutual Funds
Low Risk and Low Potential Reward Low Risk and Low Potential Reward High Risk and High Potential Reward High Risk and High Potential Reward
Money-market funds (short-term securities) Bond funds (corporate or longer- term government bonds) Income funds (high- yield stocks and bonds) Growth funds (larger company stocks long-term capital gains) Aggressive growth funds (smaller company stocks short- and long- term capital gains)
64
Lesson 23, Visual 2 Risk Pyramid
65
Preview of Coming Attractions.Lesson 12 Visual
13 Mutual Funds
  • A mutual fund pools investors money.
  • The fund puts its investors money into the
    markets on their behalf.
  • In effect, investors own small amounts of many
    different assets.
  • Mutual funds enable investors to avoid the risk
    that comes from owning any one asset. In other
    words, mutual funds make it easy to diversify.

66
Other Activities
  • Mutual Fund Facts (Activity 3)
  • A Mutual Fund Prospectus (Activity 4)
  • Each has discussion questions

67
Lesson 12
Building Wealth for the Long-Term
68
Factors that affect how much savings grow
  • Time
  • The earlier or longer you save, the more
  • savings you will have.
  • Investment Size
  • The more you save each year from your
  • income, the more savings you will have.
  • Rate of Return
  • The higher the interest rate or rate of
  • return, the more savings you will have.

69
Time Value of Money
The earlier you save, the more s you will have.
70
Three Rules for Building Wealth
  • Start early
  • Give money time to grow.
  • Buy and hold
  • Keep your money invested.
  • Diversify
  • Dont put all your eggs in one basket.

71
A Tale of Two Savers (revisited)
  • Charlayne becomes a millionaire by accident.
  • Marcus mistake.
  • Explain how Charlayne, the accidental
    millionaire, followed all 3 rules.

72
Visual 4The Magic of Compounding
  • When you save, you earn interest.
  • When you take the interest out and spend it, it
    stops growing.
  • But if you leave the interest in your account so
    it can grow, you start to earn interest on the
    interest you earned previously.
  • Interest on interest is money you didnt work
    for. It is money your money makes for you!
  • Over time, interest on interest can increase your
    total savings greatly.

73
Visual 10 Forms of Saving and Investing
Benefits and Costs
  • Savings accounts
  • Provide a small but steady return.
  • Certificates of deposit
  • Very safe, but instant access carries a
    penalty.
  • Bonds
  • Lending money to a corporation or government,
    with a promise of
  • higher returns than those offered by bank
    savings accounts and CDs.
  • Stocks
  • Part ownership in a company, offering higher
    risks and, potentially,
  • higher returns than some other investments.
  • Real estate
  • The risks and benefits of being a landlord.

74
Activity Trade-Off Between Risk and Return
  • Floor Markers
  • Mattress
  • Savings Accounts
  • CDs
  • Bonds
  • Stocks
  • Mutual Funds
  • Real Estate

75
Visual 11Investment Situations Which Form Will
You Choose?
  • You have 5,000 to invest. No other information
    is available.
  • You have 4,000 that youll need six months from
    now.
  • You inherited 10,000 from your great-aunt she
    has suggested that you save it for use in your
    old age.
  • You are just starting a career and can save 50
    per month for retirement.
  • A new baby arrives, and Mom and Dad plan to save
    100 a month for the childs college education.

76
Lesson 15
Why Dont People Save?
77
The Risky Behavior Mystery
  • People usually know what is good for them, but
    they often act as if they dont know.
  • Some people
  • Drive too fast
  • Fail to take medications
  • Smoke
  • Why would people do things that dont seem to be
    in their interest?

78
Visual 1Why Dont People Do What They Should Do?
Question Number of Yes Responses
How many of you know that smoking is unhealthy?
How many of you know people--even people your age--who smoke?
How many of you know that eating foods that are high in transfats, such as packaged cookies, margarine and peanut butter, isnt healthy?
How many of you know people who eat foods that are high in transfats?
How many of you know that regular exercise provides many health benefits?
How many of you know people who dont exercise regularly?
79
Perhaps the answer lies in identifying the costs
and benefits.
  • Costs
  • All the things that have to be given up when a
    choice is made.
  • Benefits
  • Gains or favorable outcomes that make people
    more satisfied when a choice is made.

80
An analogy
  • Saving is like diet and exercise.

81
Benefits and Costs of Diet and Exercise(Discussio
n Questions)
  • What are the benefits of eating a healthy diet
    and exercising regularly?
  • Do the benefits of diet and exercise occur now or
    in the future?
  • If people choose a healthful diet and exercise
    regularly, are they guaranteed these benefits?
  • What are the costs of choosing a healthful diet
    and exercising regularly?

82
Saving
  • Most people know that starting to save money at
    an early age and saving regularly are good habits
    that lead to financial well being.
  • Yet many people fail to save early and regularly.
  • Why?

83
Costs and Benefits of Saving
  • The costs of saving are immediate and certain.
  • People have to give up things they could buy now.
  • The benefits of saving occur in the future and
    are uncertain.
  • Events might prevent people from reaping the
    benefits of saving.

84
Opportunity Cost and Incentives
  • The opportunity cost of spending might change how
    people analyze the costs and benefits of saving.
  • Setting goals is an important factor related to
    saving.
  • Goals act as incentives to save.
  • Interest provides another incentive to save.

85
ActivitySetting Savings Goals
  • What are some things for which you would like to
    save?

86
Short-Term Savings Goals (One year or less) Medium-Term Savings Goals (One to five years) Long-Term Savings Goals (Over five years)

87
Activity 6A Game (p. 213)
  • Key Concepts
  • Savings
  • Costs and Benefits
  • Opportunity Cost
  • Goals (short, medium, long-term)
  • Incentives

88
Lesson 18
How are Stock Prices Determined?
89
Visual 10 Laws of Supply and Demand Applied to
Financial Markets
  • The law of demand states (regarding stocks) that
    buyers choose to purchase more shares at lower
    prices and fewer shares at higher prices.
  • The law of supply states (regarding stocks) that
    sellers choose to sell more shares at higher
    prices and fewer shares at lower prices.
  • An equilibrium price exists when the quantity of
    shares demanded at that price equals the quantity
    of shares being supplied.
  • Stock prices change as a result of changes in the
    supply and demand for shares of the stock in
    question. Shifts in supply and demand can
    establish new equilibrium prices.

90
Activity Stock Price Simulation Game
  • Students use knowledge of supply and demand to
    participate in a stock market simulation, which
    shows how the price of a share of stock is
    determined in a competitive market.
  • Divide the class into buyers and sellers.
    Distribute BUY and SELL cards and score sheets.
    Assign one student to be keeper of the cards and
    another to record the transactions.
  • Clear a space that will serve as the TRADING
    FLOOR. When the MARKET IS OPEN, buyers and
    sellers meet on the trading floor and try to
    agree to a price for one share of stock.

91
  • Buyers start the game with one BUY card on their
    score sheet. The goal is to buy at the lowest
    price they can. If the price they pay is equal to
    the price on their BUY card, buyer breaks even.
    If less than, there is a gain. If more than,
    there is a loss.
  • Sellers start the game with one SELL card on
    their score sheet. The goal is to sell at the
    highest price they can. If the price they pay is
    equal to the price on their SELL card, seller
    breaks even. If more than, there is a gain. If
    less than, there is a loss.
  • Students buy (or sell) as many shares of stock as
    they can in the allotted time. But the price of
    a transaction must always be in multiples of 5
    (5, 10, 15, 20 and so on).

92
  • As soon as a stock is bought (sold), students
    record the transaction on their score sheets. In
    addition, SELLER reports the negotiated price to
    the recorder.
  • They then turn in their BUY (or SELL) card,
    receive a new card, and begin the negotiation
    process again.
  • Students have 5 minutes to make transactions and
    then the TRADING FLOOR IS CLOSED.
  • The game is played in three 5-minutes rounds.
    The goal is to make as much money as you can by
    the end of the game.

93
Helpful Resources
  • University of Illinois Extension
  • Consumer and Family Economics
  • www.ace.uiuc.edu/cfe
  • National Council on Economic Education
  • www.ncee.net
  • Illinois Council on Economic Education
  • www.econed-il.org

94
University of Illinois Extension Consumer and
Family Economics www.ace.uiuc.edu/cfe
95
NCEE www.ncee.net
96
Summary and Questions
97
The Stock Market Game Program
www.stockmarketgame.org
98
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