Title: Simulation and Analysis of Wireless Mesh Network In Smart Grid / Advanced Metering Infrastructure
1- Simulation and Analysis of Wireless Mesh Network
In Smart Grid / Advanced Metering Infrastructure - Masters Thesis
- Philip Huynh
- Spring 2011
2Outline of the Talk
- Introduction
- Related work
- Real-time Smart Grid Meter Data Collection using
Hybrid WiMAX/Wi-Fi Networks - Smart Grid Wireless Infrastructure Planning
(SG-WIP) Tool. - Simulation Results of SG-SIM
- Lessons Learned
- Future Direction
- Conclusion
3Introduction
- What is the Advanced Metering Infrastructure
(AMI)? - The need to collect metering data in real-time
- Save the material usage for the electric power
generation by correctly predict the load demand
and build the load profile
4Wireless Mesh Network for AMI
- High scalable and performance networks
- Can deploy on the large service areas urban,
suburb - Low cost installation and maintenance
- Secured networks IEEE802.16, IEEE 802.11s
Wi-Fi mesh networks with WiMAX backhaul
Wireless technologies (source Intel)
5CSU AMI Infrastructure
6Related Work
- Wireless Mesh Networks A Survey AWW05
- The author presented many open research issues
needed to be solved such as scalability,
self-organization and self-configuration,
security, network integration. The critical
factors influencing protocol design were
discussed for improvement objectives. - The Nominal Capacity of Wireless Mesh Networks
JS03 - The authors shown that for WMNs the throughput
of each node decreases as O(1/n), where n is
total number of nodes in the network. Moreover,
for a given topology and the set of active nodes,
the upper bounds on the throughput of any node
can be exactly calculated. - Architecture and Algorithms for an IEEE
802.11-based Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Network
RC05 - The author proposed a novel multi-channel WMN
architecture that effectively addresses the
bandwidth problem by fully exploiting
non-overlapped radio channels that the IEEE
802.11 standards make available.
7Related Work (2)
- Multi-Channel Mesh Networks Challenges and
Protocols KSCV06 - The authors considered the use of multi-channel
to improve the throughput of Wireless Mesh
Network (WMN). The main challenges were
highlighted and two link-layer protocols were
presented for utilizing multiple channels - Capacity of Grid-Oriented Wireless Mesh
Networks ANMK08 - The author presented an analytical framework for
determining the nominal capacity of multi-radio
multi-channel Wireless Mesh Network (WMN). As the
research conclusion, the effects of WMN design
parameters such as network topology, network
size, routing methods, channel assignment schemes
etc. are interlinked and a judicious selection is
essential to maximize capacity. - Coverage and capacity of a wireless mesh
network HWC05 - The authors proposed a scalable multi-channel
ring-based WMN architecture and developed an
analytical framework to evaluate the capacity and
coverage of such a network.
8Related Work (3)
- The IEEE 802.11s Extended Service Set Mesh
Networking Standard CK08 - The author presented how the developing IEEE
802.11s ESS Mesh Networking Standard draft
addresses technical challenges of the pervasive
development of wireless mesh networks (WMNs), the
efficient allocation of mesh resources (routing
and MAC layers), the protection of network
resources (security and power savings), and the
elimination of spatial bias (congestion control). - An Improved IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Module for the
ns-3 Simulator IPGT10 - The authors presented the new features and
enhancements that were integrated within the ns-3
WiMAX module. These proposed features can make
easier and more realistic the evaluation and
design of WiMAX systems.
9Challenges Approach
- Challenges in Design and Deployment AMI Network
using WMN - How to evaluate the network performance hundred
thousands of smart meters, complicated
architecture - How the scalability affects to the performance
- Approach
- Develop a Network Topology Planning Tool
- Develop a Network Simulator for AMI Communication
Network - Simulate the network model and Analyze the
results - Goals
- Develop techniques and tools to evaluate the
performance of AMI WMN.
10Hybrid WiMAX/Wi-Fi Network Model
(a)
(b)
Hybrid WiMAX/Wi-Fi Network Model
(a) Example of WiMAX network (WAN)
(b) Example of Wi-Fi mesh network (NAN)
11SG-WIP Tool
- A mashup that overlays the wireless
infrastructure and GIS data (street light poles,
housing units) on the Google Maps - Visually planning the Antenna mounting place for
the WiMAX/Wi-Fi network - Export the network topology as XML file for
further research - Can be integrated to the network simulator
12SG-WIP GUI
GUI includes components Main Menu, Network
Topology Overlay, Google Maps, and Topology
Information Panel.
13SG-WIP Navigating Topologies
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) using WiMAX
point-to-multi point grid 10x10, 10 km x 10 km
(WxH)
Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) using Wi-Fi mesh
grid 10x10, 1 km x 1 km (WxH)
14SG-WIP Exporting Topology
Local Area Network (LAN) using Wi-Fi
point-to-multi point square, 100 m x 100 m (WxH)
Exporting the LAN topology as an XML file
15SG-WIP Changing Antennae Position
(a)
(b)
WiMAX base stations antennae (a) Before
changing, location at (5, 5) (b) After changing,
location at (6, 9)
16SG-WIP Code
- // Calculate the center point of the Colo Sprgs
boundary house/building units - // Show the map of Colorado Springs
- var csCenter getCenter(new GeoRectangle(csSW,
csNE)) - var latlng new google.maps.LatLng(csCenter.Latit
ude, csCenter.Longitude) - // Map's options
- var myOptions
- zoom startZoom,
- center latlng,
- mapTypeId google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP,
- mapTypeControl true,
- navigationControl true,
- scaleControl true
-
- // Map object instance
- map new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById(
"map-canvas"), myOptions) - // Add the network topology as an overlay object
on map - polygon new google.maps.Polygon(
- paths paths,
- // Handle the Click event on the network topology
- google.maps.event.addListener(polygon, 'click',
function(event) - var lat event.latLng.lat()
- var lng event.latLng.lng()
- Network.clickEvent(lat, lng)
- // Geographical coordinates helper functions
- //This uses the haversine formula to calculate
great-circle distances between - //the two points that is, the shortest distance
over the earths surface - // giving an as-the-crow-flies distance between
the points (ignoring any hills!). - function distance_between(lat1, lon1, lat2,
lon2) - var dLat (lat2-lat1)degrees_to_radians
- var dLon (lon2-lon1)degrees_to_radians
- var a Math.sin(dLat/2) Math.sin(dLat/2)
- Math.cos(lat1degrees_to_radians)
Math.cos(lat2degrees_to_radians) - Math.sin(dLon/2) Math.sin(dLon/2)
- var c 2 Math.atan2(Math.sqrt(a),
Math.sqrt(1-a)) - var d earth_radius c
- return d
17SG-SIM Simulator
- Implements the proposed hybrid WiMAX/Wi-Fi
Network Model on NS-3 platform - The network simulator NS-3 is
- Open source project
- Popular and accepted by network research
community - Parameters of the Simulator
- Network types WAN, MAN, NAN, LAN
- Number of nodes, Transmission Rate
- Others network initialization time,
18SG-SIM Code
- // Install node location for WiMAX base station,
gateways - MobilityHelper mobility
- mobility.SetPositionAllocator ("ns3GridPositionA
llocator", - "MinX", DoubleValue (0.0),
- "MinY", DoubleValue (0.0),
- "DeltaX", DoubleValue (1000),
- "DeltaY", DoubleValue (1000),
- "GridWidth", UintegerValue (5),
- "LayoutType", StringValue ("RowFirst"))
- mobility.SetMobilityModel ("ns3ConstantPositionM
obilityModel") - mobility.Install (bsNodes)
- mobility.Install (ssNodes)
- // Create a packet sink to receive these packets
- Address sinkLocalAddress (InetSocketAddress
- (Ipv4AddressGetAny (), 50000))
- PacketSinkHelper sinkHelper ("ns3UdpSocketFactor
y", - sinkLocalAddress)
- ApplicationContainer sinkApp sinkHelper.Install
(serverNode)
// Install the app on the SS nodes for (int i0
iltnbSS i) // build the application
PtrltSgOnOffApplicationgt sgOnOff
CreateObjectltSgOnOffApplicationgt()
sgOnOff-gtSetAttribute ("Protocol", StringValue
("ns3UdpSocketFactory"))
sgOnOff-gtSetAttribute ("OnTime",
RandomVariableValue (ConstantVariable (1)))
sgOnOff-gtSetAttribute ("OffTime",
RandomVariableValue (ConstantVariable (0)))
sgOnOff-gtSetAttribute ("DataRate",
DataRateValue (DataRate (m_packetDataRate)))
sgOnOff-gtSetAttribute ("PacketSize",
UintegerValue (lenPacket))
sgOnOff-gtSetAttribute ("Remote",
remoteAddress) sgOnOff-gtSetStartTime
(Seconds (start 0.000001i)) ssNodes.Get
(i)-gtAddApplication(sgOnOff)
19Simulation Experiments
- Experiment Design Vision
- Evaluate the performance of AMI Infrastructure
- How the scalability impacts to the performance
- Measure the performance of network with many
source nodes at the specific Constant Bit Rate
(CBR) - Confirm to smart meter density analysis (using
SG-WIP)
20LAN Simulation Results
- Tx packets Rx packets
- Total processing delay increases linearly with
the number of smart meter
21NAN Simulation Results
- Tx packets Rx packets
- Total processing delay increases rapidly with the
number of mesh routers.
22MAN Simulation Results
- Tx packets Rx packets
- Total processing delay converges to 930 msecs. It
caused by 5 msecs fixed frame time in IEEE 802.16
standard.
23MAN Simulation Results (2)
Impact on the network performance by aggregating
meter data at the gateway
- Tx packets Rx packets when number of meter
packets lt 16 - Tx packets gt Rx packets when number of meter
packets gt 16 (caused by UDP packet
fragmentation) - Total processing delay increases slowly with the
number of meter packets
24WAN Simulation Results
- The total processing time was linearly increased
with the length of the optical cables.
25Lessons Learned
- Development of SG-WIP Tool
- Challenges in testing and debugging source code
for Web application (used PHP/JavaScript) - GIS Information Acquisition time consuming
process - Development of SG-SIM Simulator
- Found the bug in NS-3 WiMAX module that can
affect the simulation results and reported to
NS-3 community at http//www.nsnam.org/bugzilla/s
how_bug.cgi?id1025 - Simulation Experiments in NS-3
- The initialization phase of wireless networks
- Bugs in Wi-Fi Mesh, WiMAX modules
26Future Direction
- Fully integrate the SG-WIP tool with SG-SIM
simulator - Improve the antenna placement algorithm
- Increase availability of wireless networks
- Database systems for storing the real-time meter
data
27Conclusion
- The proposed WiMAX/Wi-Fi WMN can transport the
meter data from 160,000 smart meters in the CSU
service areas to the data center in one second. - The high scalability property of WiMAX/Wi-Fi WMN
helps flexibly extend the coverage area of the
AMI wireless infrastructure without degrading the
network performance. - The proposed WiMAX/Wi-Fi infrastructure allows
the utilities deploying an AMI wireless
communication infrastructure not only at low cost
of installation and maintenance but also with
high performance, scalability, and security.
28Demo
- Illustrate network topology planning with SG-WIP
Tool - http//scad.eas.uccs.edu/sgwip/wan.html
- Some demonstrations of SG-SIM simulator
29References
- DoE01 U.S. Department of Energy, Smart Grid,
lthttp//www.oe.energy.gov/smartgrid.htmgt - DoE02 U.S Department of Energy, Smart Grid An
Introduction, lthttp//www.oe.energy.gov/SmartGrid
Introduction.htmgt - Wiki01 Smart Grid, lthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wi
ki/Smart_gridgt - NIST10 National Institute of Standards and
Technology, NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart
Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 1.0,
Jan. 2010. - NETL08 National Energy Technology Laboratory,
white paper Advanced Metering infrastructure,
February 2008. - Chow09 Edward Chow, Lecture Secure Smart
Grids, Department of Computer Science,
University of Colorado at Colorado Springs, 2009. - IEEE11 IEEE Standard 802 Part 11 Wireless LAN
Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) Specifications, 2007. - IEEE15 IEEE Standard 802 Part 15.1 Wireless
Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer
(PHY) Specifications for Personal Area Networks
(WPANs), 2005. - IEEE16 IEEE Standard 802 Part 16 Air Interface
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"Wireless Mesh Networks A Survey," Computer
Networks Journal (Elsevier), vol. 47, no. 4, pp.
445-487, Mar. 2005. - Kri01 Srini Krishnamurthy, Smart AMI Network
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Architecture and Algorithms for an IEEE
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