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History of Children s Literature The Early 1800s Jane an

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Title: History of Children s Literature The Early 1800s Jane an


1
History of Childrens Literature
2
Childrens literature is a relatively new kind
of literature.
  • Before 1850, books taught lessons on manners and
    morals.
  • Books also contained lessons on the ideas of
    history and science that existed at the time.

3
Childrens Books
  • Children found the books dull, so they read
    stories intended for adults.
  • Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe
  • Gullivers Travels by Jonathan Swift
  • Rip Van Winkle by Washington Irving

4
Advantages in reading adult books
  • Made it possible for children to live more lives
    than one.
  • Able to find new friends, laughter, knowledge,
    and an understanding of people of all ages in all
    parts of the world.

5
Early Beginnings
  • In 600 A.D., the Old English period, monks and
    other learned men wrote lesson books for
    children.

6
Early Beginnings
  • Aldhelm (640?-700AD), Bishop of Sherborne, was
    probably the first man to write lesson books for
    children.
  • Riddles and puzzles children had to solve were
    written in Latin.
  • He set the pattern for all books of instruction
    from that time up to 1500 AD.
  • All books used question and answer form
    and were written in verse.

7
Early Beginnings
  • The Venerable Bede (763-735AD) was a teacher at a
    monastery school.
  • His lessons showed more imagination.
  • They were a spark of learning in the Dark Ages.
  • They contained all the knowledge then known of
    natural science, natural history, and the study
    of plants and flowers and stars.

8
Early Beginnings
  • Egbert of York (766 AD) founded the famous school
    of York.
  • Collected the works of the previous monks and
    books by outstanding Greek and Roman authors.
  • Wrote a variety of lesson
    books, still using question
    and answer (dialogue)
    method.

9
Early Beginnings
  • Egbert of York (766 AD) continued
  • Wrote many books on grammar.
  • Tutored sons and daughters of the household at
    the court of Charlemagne (the first Holy Roman
    Emperor).
  • This is also one of the earliest records of
    co-education.

10
Early Beginnings
  • Alfred the Great (849-399 AD), King of England
    drove back the invasion of the Danes.
  • He translated Latin literature into Anglo-Saxon
    with the help of many scholars.

11
Anglo-Saxon
  • Anglo-Saxon Name given to distinguish the
    barbarian settlers of Britain, "the English
    Saxons," from their kindred still on the
    continent.
  • Now generally used to define the period in
    England between the collapse of Roman power c.
    410 and the Norman Conquest of 1066, and applied
    to artifacts - Anglo-Saxon pottery, metalwork,
    houses, etc.

12
Early Beginnings
  • Alfred the Great continued
  • Until 1350, children in monastery schools had to
    read and speak Latin in and out of school.
  • He had the best literature of his time translated
    from Latin into old English so it would be
    understandable to the common man.

13
Early Beginnings
  • Anselm (1033-1109 AD), the Archbishop of
    Canterbury, wrote the first encyclopedia for
    children.

14
The Middle English Period
  • In 1066 William the Conqueror and his Norman
    French knights invaded and won England.
  • They were the Anglo-Saxons, who gave England its
    name (Angel Land).

15
The Middle English Period
  • French words were introduced into English because
    it was the language of the nobility.
  • mouton
  • carpentier
  • fourniture
  • tailleur

16
The Middle English Period
  • Children of nobility continued to receive
    instruction in manners and morals of the period.
  • This period lasted until the invention of the
    printing press by Gutenberg in 1456 in Germany
    and the coming of the Renaissance.

17
The Middle English Period
  • Renaissance comes from the French words
  • re, meaning again and
  • naitre, meaning born.
  • Hence, a rebirth.
  • The first book published was The Bible.

18
The Middle English Period
  • William Caxton was the creator of the first
    English printer in 1476.
  • His first publication was Aesops Fables.

19
The Renaissance
  • Books were too expensive to be used by children,
    so the Hornbook was created for them about 1550.
  • It was the first permanent book.

20
The Hornbook
  • It was a square piece of wood with a handle at
    one end which measured 2¾ inches by 5 inches.
  • A printed page of vellum (made from skin of calf,
    lamb, or goat) was pasted on the board.

21
The Hornbook
  • The page was protected by a transparent piece of
    horn (a hard, smooth material forming the outer
    cover of the horns of cattle and other related
    animals).
  • The book was often bound by a metal rim, had a
    cord through a hole in the handle, and was
    fastened to a childs belt.
  • Another source said it was worn about the neck.

22
The Hornbook
  • The text contained the Crusaders cross, followed
    by the alphabet in lower and upper case.
  • Groups of syllables were written below the
    letters.

23
The Hornbook
  • The final text was The Lords Prayer.
  • The next piece of text was the words In the name
    of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy
    Ghost. Amen.

24
The Renaissance
  • After the hornbook, rhymed alphabets and primers
    were published for children.
  • The Royal Primer had a letter of alphabet,
    followed by a familiar verse.
  • A In Adams fall, we sinned all.

25
The Renaissance
  • This primer sold 5 million copies during the
    hundred years it was used as a text book for
    younger children.
  • The Royal Primer was followed by the New England
    Primer, published in Boston in 1690.
  • Remember, the pilgrims arrived in 1620.

26
Puritan Times
  • In the 1600s in England and America, childrens
    books were rather gloomy.
  • They reflected the Puritan outlook, which was one
    that was more interested in the fear of God than
    in the love of life.

27
Puritan Times
  • Books for children were either reprints of
    English publications or local writings that were
    even drearier.
  • First important illustrated book for children was
    written by John Amos Comenius, a bishop of
    Moravia in 1651.
  • Comenius believed in teaching children by visual
    means.
  • Book was written in Latin and German, translated
    into English in 1659.

28
The 1700s
  • John Newbery was a writer, publisher, and
    bookseller of St. Pauls Church, London.
  • He published a series of books for children.
  • He recognized they had special interests and
    tried to meet them.

29
The 1700s
  • Newbery printed chapbooks, cheap little paper
    editions, which were sold on the streets by
    chapmen (peddlers).
  • They contained ballads and folktales.
  • The ordinary person could afford to buy these
    books.

30
The 1700s
  • Newbery also published translations from the
    French
  • Tales of Mother Goose by Charles Perrault
  • It was considered beneath the dignity of authors
    to write books for children, so they were
    published without any name attached.

31
The 1700s
  • It is also believed that Perrault wrote Blue
    Beard, The Three Witches, The Sleeping
    Beauty, Puss in Boots, and Red Riding Hood.
  • Madame de Beaumont, a lady in the kings court,
    wrote Beauty and the Beast.

32
The Early 1800s
  • In the beginning of the 1800s, childrens
    literature became more honestly creative.
  • Real literary authors could write for children
    and not damage their reputations.

33
The Early 1800s
  • Charles and Mary Lamb, brother and sister, wrote
    to give children pleasure.
  • They worked together (in 1807) to write a
    childrens version of Shakespeares plays.

34
The Early 1800s
  • Jane and Ann Taylor wrote poems for children.
  • Kate Greenaway did the illustrations.
  • Jane wrote the famous little poem, Twinkle,
    Twinkle Little Star.

35
And Then . . .
  • A period of change began in the next 50 years.
  • Authors had a profound influence on childrens
    literature.

36
And Then . . .
  • Jacob Ludwig and Wilhelm Carl Grimm traveled
    around Germany, talking to people and collecting
    folk stories.
  • Their collection was translated into English in
    1824.

37
And Then . . .
  • Hans Christian Anderson, in 1841, wrote modern
    fairy tales, so called because Anderson actually
    created them and copied old ways of telling
    stories.
  • Some of his stories are The Little Mermaid,
    The Ugly Duckling, and The Emperors New
    Clothes.
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