Plant Parts and their Functions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 42
About This Presentation
Title:

Plant Parts and their Functions

Description:

Plant Parts and their Functions 13.00 Describe principles of plant science as related to horticulture 14.00 Compare the anatomical parts and distinguishing ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:281
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 43
Provided by: CrestHig
Category:
Tags: functions | parts | plant

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Plant Parts and their Functions


1
Plant Parts and their Functions
  • 13.00 Describe principles of plant science as
    related to horticulture
  • 14.00 Compare the anatomical parts and
    distinguishing characteristics of horticultural
    plants

2
Plant Sciences
  • Biology-the branch of science that deals with
    both plant and animal organisms and life
    processes
  • Zoology-the part of biology that deals with
    animals
  • Botany the part of biology that deals with plants

3
Plant Sciences
  • Applied plant sciences are based on the purposes
    for which the plants are grown
  • Agronomy
  • Forestry
  • Horticulture

4
Agronomy
  • The science and practice of growing field crops
    such as cotton, wheat, tobacco, corn and soybeans.

5
Forestry
  • The science and practice of growing, managing and
    harvesting trees for building materials and other
    products.

6
Horticulture
  • The science and practice of growing, processing
    and marketing fruits, vegetables, and ornamental
    plants

7
Life Cycles of Plants
  • Annual-a plant that completes its life cycle in
    one year
  • Biennial-a plant that completes its life cycle in
    two years
  • Perennial-a plant that lives more than two years

8
Leaf Retention
  • Deciduous-loses leaves during the dormant season
  • Evergreen-keeps leaves and remains green
    year-round

9
Plant Hormones
  • Several types of hormones are used to help plants
    work more efficiently.
  • Inhibitors
  • cytokinins
  • gibberellias
  • auxins

10
Inhibitors
  • Inhibitors hasten fruit ripening, retain seed
    germination and stem elongation.

11
Cytokinins
  • Hormones that work with auxins to stimulate cell
    division.

12
Gibberellias
  • Hormones that stimulate cell elongation,
    premature flowering, and breaking of dormancy.

13
Auxins
  • Hormones that speed plant growth by stimulating
    cell enlargement

14
Moisture in Plants
  • Turgid-plant is swollen or filled with moisture
  • Wilted-plant is limp because it does not have
    enough moisture

15
Plant Parts
  • Leaves
  • Stems
  • Roots
  • Flowers

16
Leaves-External
  • Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf
    to the stem
  • Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf
  • Midrib-the large center vein
  • Veins-the structural framework of the leaf
  • Margin-the edge of the leaf

17
Leaves-External
18
Leaves-Internal
  • Upper and lower epidermis-skin of the leaf that
    prevents the loss of too much moisture
  • Stomates-small openings under the leaf for
    breathing or transpiration
  • Guard Cells-open and close stomates

19
Leaves-Internal
  • Chloroplasts-small green particles that contain
    chlorophyll
  • gives leaves their green color
  • necessary for photosynthesis

20
Leaves-Internal
21
Leaves-Internal
22
Stems-External
  • Lenticels-breathing pores
  • Bud scale scars-show where terminal buds have
    been located
  • Leaf Scars-show where leaves were attached
  • Terminal bud-bud on the end of a stem
  • Axillary or lateral bud-bud on side of stem

23
Stems-Internal
  • Xylem-tissue that transports water and nutrients
    up from the roots to stems and leaves
  • Phloem-tissue that transports food down from
    leaves to roots

24
Stems-Internal
Phloem
Phloem
Xylem
25
Stems-Internal
  • Cambium-thin, green, actively growing tissue
    located between bark and wood and produces all
    new stem cells
  • Bark-old inactive phloem
  • Heartwood-old inactive xylem
  • Sapwood-new active xylem

26
Stems-Internal
Bark
Cambium
Sapwood
Heartwood
27
Stems-Internal
  • Monocota-plant stems have vascular bundles that
    contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle
  • examples corn, grasses
  • Dicata-plant stems have the phloem layer and
    xylem layer separated by cambium
  • example trees

28
Stems-Internal
Monocot
Dicot
29
Roots-External
  • Root cap-indicates growth of new cells
  • Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals

Root images from a rice plant
30
Roots-Internal
  • Much like stems in that they have a phloem,
    cambium, and xylem layer
  • Phloem-the outer layer that carries food down the
    root
  • Xylem-the inner layer that carries water and
    minerals up to the stem

31
Layers of Roots
  • Fibrous-many branched shallow roots
  • are easier to transplant
  • Tap-long root with few branched ones
  • more difficult to transplant

32
Flowers
  • Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower
    bud before it opens
  • Petals-are really leaves that are modified to
    attract insects for flower pollination, the
    pretty part that we call flowers
  • Stamen-male part of the flower
  • Pistil-female part of the flower

33
Flowers
34
Parts of the Stamen
  • Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther
  • Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen,
    the male sex cells

35
Parts of the Pistil
  • Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become
    seeds if fertilized
  • Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat
  • Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the
    ovary
  • Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects
    leave pollen

36
Parts of the Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary
37
Complete-vs-Incomplete
  • Complete flowers have both male and female parts
  • Incomplete flowers have only male or female parts

38
What are the functions of these plant parts?
39
Functions of Leaves
  • Photosynthesis-manufactures food in green plants
    which is the beginning of the food chain for all
    living things
  • Photosynthesis is the process by which carbon
    dioxide and water in the presence of light are
    converted to sugar and oxygen

40
Functions of Stems
  • Translocation-moves water and minerals from roots
    up to the leaves and move food from the leaves
    down to the roots
  • Supports branches, leaves, flowers, fruits and
    seeds

41
Functions of Roots
  • Absorption-take water and nutrients from the soil
    and conduct them to the stem
  • Anchor the plant and hold it upright
  • Store food for plant use
  • Asexual reproduction in some plants

42
Functions of Flowers
  • Produce seeds used for sexual reproduction
  • Attract insects for pollination (Pollination is
    the transfer of pollen from anther to stigma.)
  • Produce fruit to protect, nourish and carry seeds
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com