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BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY

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BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY Lecture 4 White Blood Cells Monocytes Blood macrophage Stem cell monoblast promonocyte mature monocyte blood tissues transfer into ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY


1
BLOOD PHYSIOLOGY
  • Lecture 4
  • White Blood Cells

2
Monocytes
  • Blood macrophage
  • Stem cell ? monoblast ? promonocyte ? mature
    monocyte ? blood ? tissues ? transfer into large
    tissue macrophyage (histocyte)
  • Functions anti-inflamatory

3
Macrophage Function
  • Directly phygocytosis of bacteria, dead cells
  • Indirectly cooperating with lymphocytes
  • Recognizing foreign body ? take in foreign body
    process it and present it to lymphocytes

4
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5
Lymphocytes
  • Heterogenous group of cells differ in
  • origin
  • migration pattern
  • Size
  • staining characters,
  • ultra structure
  • life span function

6
LYMPHOCYTES
  • Morphological classification
  • small and large
  • Functional classifications
  • Thymus dependent (T lymphocytes)
  • Thymus independent (B lymphocytes)

7
Lymphopoiesis
  • Stem cell (thymus, lymphoid tissue bone
    marrow) ? lymphoblast ? intermediate pyronophilic
    blast cell ? lymphocytes (small, large)
  • Lymphocyte ? lymphoblast (stimulated in culture
    by PHA, tuberculin).

8
Lymphocytes cont.
  • Lymphocytes enter blood stream
  • Directly Through the vessel wall from lymphatic
    tissue
  • Through Lymph in thoracic duct
  • Majority of lymphocytes in the circulation are
    small
  • Function Immunity

9
T-Lymphocytes
  • Thymus-dependent migrate from origin to thymus
  • Life spans 100-130 days.
  • Circulate between blood, tissues, lymph.
  • Types of T-lymphocytes
  • T-helper
  • T-cytotoxic
  • Natural killer
  • Functions
  • Cellular immunity (graft rejection, delayed
    hypersensitivity).
  • Role in antibody secretion.

10
B-Lymphocytes
  • Thymus-independent
  • Bird Bursa
  • Formed in bone marrow, germinal layer of lymph
    node, red pulp of spleen
  • Life span 2-7 days
  • Stimulated by antigen ? large plasma cell (
    produce antibody)
  • Function Humoral immunity.

11
Leucocytosis
  • Increased WBC
  • Physiological
  • Diurnal ? morning ? evening
  • After protein meal
  • After physical exercise
  • Stress or Adrenaline injection
  • Disease
  • Bacterial infection (tonsillitis, appendicitis
  • Worm infection

12
Leucopenia
  • ? WBC
  • Malnutrition
  • Typhoid fever
  • Depressed bone marrow
  • Deficient Vit B12 or folic acid

13
Leukaemia
  • Cancer of white cells chromosomal abnormality
    ccaused by chemical, radiation, and viruses
  • WBC gt 50x103
  • Types of leukaemia
  • Myeloblast leukaemia ? myeloid cells
  • Lymphoblast leukaemia ? lymphocytic cells
  • Acute or chronic
  • Accompanied by anaemia bleeding

14
Platelets (karyocytes)
  • Formed in bone marrow
  • Stem cells ? Promegakaryocyte ? megakaryocyte ?
    breaking pieces of cytoplasm (platelets)
  • Platelet count 250000/ml
  • Functions
  • Adhere to injured site of blood vessel to prevent
    bleeding
  • Important for clot formation, retraction

15
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16
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17
Reticulo-endothelial/ macrophage system RES
  • Are groups of Cells
  • Blood macrophages (Monocytes)
  • Tissue macrophages (Histocytes)
  • Macrophages lining lymph sinuses in lymph nodes
    Blood sinuses in liver, spleen.

18
Reticuloendothelial system
  • Functions of the RES
  • Phagocytosis Bacterial, dead cells, foreign
    particles
  • Breakdown of Hb
  • Immune function processing antigen and
    antibodies production
  • Storage of iron
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