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Module Seven ALCOHOL & SUBSTANCES ABUSE

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Module Seven ALCOHOL & SUBSTANCES ABUSE Lesson 1: Alcohol (2 training hours) Lesson 2: Other substances (2 training hours) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Module Seven ALCOHOL & SUBSTANCES ABUSE


1
Module SevenALCOHOL SUBSTANCES ABUSE
  • Lesson 1 Alcohol
    (2 training hours)
  • Lesson 2 Other substances (2
    training hours)
  • Lesson 3 Social issues (2 training
    hours)

2
Lesson 1
  • ALCOHOL

3
Step 1 Discussion
  • Alcohol is the most popular toxic substance to
    man. Most of us use it for pleasure, but in some
    cases alcohol drinking might end to be a serious
    problem.
  • What is the secure alcohol consumption ?
  • Specialized organizations have determined that
    The limit of safe consumption is 21 units per
    week for men and 14 for women. One unit
    corresponds to half a pint of beer, a glass of
    wine or a 40gr of whiskey/vodka/liquer.

4
Step 2 Slide projection
  • Slide 7.1.1 Some terms
  • Exceeding alcohol consumption
  • The regular consumption on daily or weekly basis
    that exceeds the recommended limit.

5
Step 2 (continued)
  • Disorder caused by alcohol
  • Any psychological, physical or social damage
    that derives from exceeding consumption.

6
Step 2 (continued)
  • Problematic alcohol consumption
  • Consumption that causes any disorders that can
    derive from alcohol drinking, but has not yet
    caused dependence on it.

7
Step 2 (continued)
  • Dependence on alcohol
  • A situation in which physical and mental
    disorders develop, when alcohol use is stopped.

8
Step 2 (continued)
  • Toxicosis
  • Is the intoxication, that is the situation that
    follows when alcohol levels in the blood exceed a
    certain limit.

9
Step 3
  • Slide 7.1.2 Characteristics of the dependence in
    alcohol
  • Withdrawal syndrome
  • Trembling hands, tongue and eyelids
  • Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
  • Intense heart beat, perspiration, high blood
    pressure
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Irritability, excitement, anxiety, insomnia
  • Temporary hallucinations or delusions

10
Step 3 (continued)
  • Tolerance
  • Need for increasing quantity to achieve the same
    outcome
  • Furthermore
  • Pressurizing need to drink
  • Standard manner of drinking regularly
  • Priority to drinking than to other activities
  • Failures to quit

11
Step 4 Slide projection
  • Slide 7.1.3 Damages from alcohol abuse
  •  Physical
  • It can be an immediate effect of alcohol
    drinking, or an indirect effect from malnutrition
    (lack of vitamins), accidents and general
    neglecting of oneself.
  • Gastric ulcer, hepatic damage
  • Brain damage (and dementia)
  • Peripheral neuritis with loss of sensing
  • Anemia, heart failure
  • In women that abuse alcohol during pregnancy, the
    infant might have low weight and other
    abnormalities.

12
Step 5 (continued)
  • Psychiatric
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Aggression
  • High possibility of committing suicide
  • Psychosis with delusions or jealousy ideation
  • Social
  • Family problems (quarrels, violence, divorce)
  • Professional problems
  • Illegal actions
  • Accidents (car accidents or others)

13
Step 5 Theory presentation
  • It is essential to recognize persons that abuse
    alcohol, as they tend not to reveal their alcohol
    problems.
  • The therapy is recommended to
  • Treatment of withdrawal syndrome
  • Psychotherapies
  • Recognizing and admitting the problem
  • Try to quit drinking habit
  • Keeping up the effort when it starts to give
    results
  • The existence of support groups (like Alcoholic
    Anonymous) has been proved efficient.

14
Step 6 Questions and comments (5?)

15
Lesson 2
  • OTHER SUBSTANCES

16
Step 1 Introduction
  • The issue of other substances must be examined in
    a similar way to alcohol. The most extreme
    effects and problems are related to the
    dependence on these substances. There are of
    course a lot of addictive substances and the
    problems and dangers differs from one to another.

17
Step 2 Brainstorming
  • Which substances have you encountered in your
    practice?
  • Opiates, f. ex. Heroine, morphine
  • Stimulants, f ex amphetamines, ecstasy, cocaine
  • Hallucinogens, f ex. LSD
  • Drugs, f ex benzodiazepines, barbiturates
  • Solutions, f ex glue and aerosol
  • Cannabis
  • Nicotine
  • Caffeine

18
Step 3 Slide projection
  • Slide 7.2.1 Characteristics of the most common
    substances
  • Opiates (heroine, morphine)
  • WAY OF TAKING ingestion, intramuscularly,
    intravenously, subcutaneously
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT euphoria, relaxation,
    dizziness, personality change, hypo activity,
    loss of appetite, low libido
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT constricted pupils (pinpoint),
    low heart rate, itching, nausea, constipation
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME intense desire for the
    substance, uneasiness, rapid heart rate, dilated
    pupils, sweating/perspiration, yawning, diarrhea,
    abdominal pain, dehydrated skin
  • DEPENDENCE YES

19
Step 4 (continued)
  • Cocaine
  • WAY OF TAKING chewing, inhale through nose,
    smoking, intravenous injection
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT Euphoria, enthusiasm,
    Confusion, Paranoid psychosis
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT dilated pupils(constricted
    pupils (pinpoint)), fear, increase heart rate,,
    runny nose (rhinorrhea), fever, heart respiratory
    attack
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME intense desire for the
    substance, depression, insomnia, agitation.
  •  
  • DEPENDENCE YES

20
Step 3 (continued)
  • Amphetamines
  • WAY OF TAKING ingestion, intravenous injection
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT Euphoria, enthusiasm,
    hyperactivity, irritability, hostility, Paranoid
    ideation, Delusions
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT constricted pupils, increase
    heart rate, increase of reflexes
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME sadness, unemployment
  • DEPENDENCE YES  

21
Step 3 (continued)
  • Hallucinogens (LSD)
  • WAY OF TAKING ingestion
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT Depersonalization,
    Deobjectivation, Overestimation of abilities,
    Anxiety, Effect ideas, low judgment ability,
    Psychotic characteristics, Mood swings
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT red eyes, constricted pupils,
    ataxia, increased heart rate
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME None
  • DEPENDENCE NO

22
Step 3 (continued)
  • Cannabis (hashish, marijuana)
  • WAY OF TAKING smoking
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT euphoria, relaxation, acute
    perception
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT red eyes, dry mouth, increased
    heart rate, respiratory problems
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME none
  • DEPENDENCE YES
  •  

23
Step 3 (continued)
  • Barbiturates
  • WAY OF TAKING ingestion
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT Anxiety reduce
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT Repression of respiratory
    system, Repression of Central Nervous System
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME Uneasiness, Insomnia,
    Nausea, Spasms, Delirium
  • DEPENDENCE YES

24
Step 3 (continued)
  • Benzodiazepines
  • WAY OF TAKING Intramuscularly, intravenously,
    ingesting
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT Anxiety reduce,
    Disturbances in concentration, judgment, memory
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT ataxia, Nausea, CNS repression
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME Uneasiness, Insomnia, Fear
  • DEPENDENCE YES

25
Step 3 (continued)
  • Ecstasy
  • WAY OF TAKING ingestion
  • PSYCHOLOCICAL EFFECT Euphoria, increased
    perceptions, Anxiety, Psychotic characteristics
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT anorexia, increased heart rate,
    jaw tension, sweating, High temperature , blood
    vessel thrombosis
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME None
  • DEPENDENCE NO / YES

26
Step 3 (continued)
  • Solutions (glues, aerosol)
  • WAY OF TAKING inhaling
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECT Euphoria followed by
    apathy, rejection of Inhibitions, poor judgment
  • PHYSICAL EFFECT Sore eyes, sore throat, rushes
    breathing difficulty, CNS repression, ataxia,
    sleepiness, peripheral neuropathy, multiple
    kidney failure, arrhythmias, liver and kidney
    damage, kidney damage, aplastic anaemia
  • WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME None
  • DEPENDENCE RARE

27
Step 4 Slide projection
  • Slide 7.2.2 Treatment of substance use
  • Pharmacotherapies
  • (Methadone, Naltrexone, Klonidine, etc )
  • Psychotherapies. Have as a target to
  • Intervene in possible psychological, social,
    environmental factors that persist.
  • Increase persons awareness.
  • Develop alternative mechanisms of treating the
    problems.
  • Inform for the strategies of treatment of intense
    desire for substance use.

28
Step 7 Questions and comments (5?)
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