Organic Chemistry Revision

1
Organic Chemistry Revision

• Grade 10

2
What is crude oil?

• It is a mixture of hydrocarbons.

3
How was crude oil formed?

• From the buried remains of
• animals and plants
• over millions of years
• High pressure and
• temperature.

4
What are hydrocarbons?

• Are compounds made up of hydrogen and carbon only.

5
What is the name of the process used for
separating crude oil?

• Fractional distillation

6
What is the name of the apparatus used for
separating crude oil?

• Fractionating column

7
Name four fractions produced by fractional
distillation.

• Refinery gas
• Petrol
• Gasoline
• Kerosene
• Diesel bitumen

8
Referring to the size of the hydrocarbon, which
one fraction will be collected at the top? At the
bottom of the fractionating tower?

• Short fractions at the top
• Long fractions at the bottom

9
What are the products of the complete combustion
of a hydrocarbon?

• Carbon dioxide and water vapour

10
What are the products of the incomplete
combustion of a hydrocarbon?

• Carbon monoxide and water vapour

11
What is the name of the poisonous gas produced by
incomplete combustion?

• Carbon monoxide

12
What is the effect of this gas on health?

• Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas.
• It decreases the oxygen carriers in blood.
• It may cause death if its level in blood is high.

13
How can you break long chain hydrocarbons?

• By cracking

14
What is the difference between cracking and
fractional distillation?

• Cracking is a chemical process while fractional
  distillation is a physical process.

15
What are the conditions for cracking?

• High temperature
• catalyst

16
What is a homologous series?

• Members of the series have the Same general
  formula.
• Similar chemical properties Successive members
  differ by CH2 similar physical properties such
  as appearance, melting/boiling points,

17
What is the general formula of alkanes?

• Cn H2n2

18
What is the general formula of alkenes?

• Cn H2n

19
Give the molecular formula ofethanepropenebute
nemethane

• C2 H6
• C3 H6
• C4 H8
• C H4

20
Draw the structural formula of propane
21
Draw the structural formula of butene
22
What is the chemical test used to differentiate
between alkanes and alkenes? what is the result?

• Bromine water test
• The bromine will decolorize in alkenes and stays
  orange brown in alkanes.

23
Write the polymerization reaction of polyethene.
24
Name two other polymers and draw their monomers
then name them.

• Polypropene
• polychloroethene