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Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Section 1 History and
Governments Section 2 Cultures and
Lifestyles Summary
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Chapter Intro 1
Place The United States and Canada are former
British colonies and have long traditions of
democratic government. Both nations also play a
major role in international affairs and the
global economy. Large numbers of immigrants from
around the world continue to add to the diversity
of the American and Canadian populations. How do
you think immigration affects the cultures of
countries?
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Chapter Intro 2
Section 1 History and Governments The
characteristics and movement of people impact
physical and human systems. England established
several colonies in North America during the
1600s and 1700s. These colonies later formed two
large, independent democracies the United States
and Canada. Today they have become home to
millions of people from around the world who
moved to these lands to start new lives.
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Chapter Intro 2
Section 2 Cultures and Lifestyles Culture
influences peoples perceptions about places and
regions. The cultures of the United States and
Canada reflect the influence of many different
ethnic groups. These groups range from the Native
Americans who first lived in the area to the most
recent arrivals from all parts of the world.
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Chapter Intro-End
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Section 1-Main Idea
The characteristics and movement of people impact
physical and human systems.
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Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary

• colony
• annex
• terrorism
• dominion
• representative democracy

• federalism
• amendment
• parliamentary democracy

Academic Vocabulary

• economy
• regime

• principle
• core

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Section 1-Polling Question
Do you think terrorism is a problem for the
United States? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

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Section 1
Until 1913 most rural Americans had limited
access to markets because it took traveling a
long time on poor roads to get to them. Then, on
January 1, 1913, the United States Postal
Department introduced Parcel Postor the
transporting of packages to and from the
homeowners own mail box. The economy experienced
a huge boost as people quickly discovered the
wonders of catalog shopping.
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Section 1
History of the United States
The United States emerged as a world power in the
1900s.
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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• 15,000 years ago, Asian hunters crossed a land
  bridge between eastern Siberia and Alaska to
  become North Americas first settlers and
  ancestors of todays Native Americans.

• Europeans became aware of the Americas in 1492,
  when explorer Christopher Columbus reached
  islands in the Caribbean Sea.

United States Expansion
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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• Spain soon set up colonies, gaining great wealth
  from gold and silver mines in Mexico and South
  America.

• The French established colonies in eastern
  Canada, the Great Lakes area, and the Mississippi
  River valley. The British settled along the
  Atlantic coast.

United States Expansion
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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• In 1763 Great Britain defeated France in a war
  and won Frances North American colonies.

• In 1776 the colonists in Great Britains 13
  coastal colonies declared their independence in
  1783 Britain recognized the new United States.

United States Expansion
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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• During the 1800s, the United States expanded to
  the Pacific Ocean.

• Some of this growth came through treaties with
  other countries, and some came when the United
  States annexed a particular area.

United States Expansion
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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• Throughout the 1800s, high birth rates, advances
  in public health, and the arrival of millions of
  European immigrants helped the U.S. population
  grow.

• The American economy also grew because of new
  machines, factory systems, and transportation
  systems.

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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• By 1900, the United States was one of the worlds
  major industrial powers and soon became a world
  leader.

• It was involved in World Wars I and II, and its
  leaders urged the worlds people to fight for
  freedom against oppressive regimes.

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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• After World War II, the United States and the
  Soviet Union competed for political and economic
  world leadership.

• This rivalry was known as the Cold War, which
  ended with the breakup of the Soviet Union in
  1991.During this period, African Americans,
  Latino Americans, Native Americans, and women
  sought equal rights in the United States.

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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• Leaders such as Martin Luther King, Jr. Rosa
  Parks and César Chávez used peaceful methods
  that led to social changes.

• Since 2000, the United States has faced
  challenges from the growth of terrorism, or the
  actions of individuals or groups who use violence
  against civilians to reach political goals.

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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• On September 11, 2001, about 3,000 people died in
  terrorist attacks against the United States.

• Soon after, United States troops overthrew the
  Taliban rulers of Afghanistan.

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Section 1
History of the United States (cont.)

• The leaders had protected the Muslim terrorist
  group al-Qaeda, which carried out the September
  11 attacks.

• In 2003 U.S. troops overthrew Iraqs dictator,
  Saddam Hussein, who was accused of hiding illegal
  weapons and helping terrorists.

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Section 1
Which country had colonies in Canada? A. Spain
B. Portugal C. Sweden D. France

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
History of Canada
Canada gradually won independence from British
rule during the late 1800s and early 1900s.
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Section 1
History of Canada (cont.)

• Canadas first settlers were Native American
  groups.

• The first Europeans to arrive in Canada were
  Viking explorers from Scandinavia, who landed in
  about A.D.1000 but did not stay.
• In the 1500s and 1600s, both England and France
  claimed areas of Canada.

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Section 1
History of Canada (cont.)

• The French founded Quebec and Montreal and ruled
  the area around the St. Lawrence River and Great
  Lakes for almost 230 years.

• By the 1760s, the British had won control of most
  of Frances Canadian colony.
• In the late 1700s, British and American citizens
  began setting up farms along Canadas Atlantic
  coast and in what is now Ontario.

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Section 1
History of Canada (cont.)

• French-speaking Canadians lived mostly in
  present-day Quebec.

• European warfare and diseases had nearly
  destroyed many Native American cultures by this
  time.
• In 1867 most of Great Britains colonies in
  eastern Canada became one nation known as the
  Dominion of Canada.

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Section 1
History of Canada (cont.)

• As a dominion, Canada had its own central
  government to run local affairs, but Great
  Britain still controlled Canadas relations with
  other countries.

• At Canadas founding, the government promised to
  protect the French language and culture in
  Quebec, but French speakers claimed that they
  were treated unfairly because of their heritage.

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Section 1
History of Canada (cont.)

• During the early 1900s, many immigrants arrived,
  and Canadas population and economy grew.

• Canadas support of the British and Americans
  during the two World Wars led to its full
  independence.
• In 1982 Canadians won the right to change their
  constitution without British approval. Today,
  Canada still faces the chance that Quebec will
  separate and become independent.

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Section 1
What language is spoken in Canada? A. French
B. Spanish C. English D. Both A and C

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
The United States and Canada are democracies, but
their governments are organized differently.
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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
(cont.)

• The United States and Canada are both
  representative democracies, in which voters
  choose leaders who make and enforce the laws.

• The United States Constitution, written in the
  late 1780s, explains how our national or central
  government is set up and how it works.

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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
(cont.)

• The writers of the Constitution applied the
  principle of separation of powers they divided
  the power of the national government among three
  branches executive, legislative, and judicial.

• They also used the idea of checks and balances,
  or each branch having unique powers as a way to
  prevent the other branches from abusing their
  power.

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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
(cont.)

• The U.S. Constitution created a strong central
  government, but state governments were given
  certain responsibilities.

• This structure reflects the idea called
  federalism, or when power is divided between the
  federal, or national, government and state
  governments.

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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
(cont.)

• In the U.S. federal system, people are citizens
  of both the nation and their state and have the
  right to vote for both national and state
  leaders.

• In 1791 ten amendments, known as the Bill of
  Rights, were added to the U.S. Constitution.
• Their purpose was to prevent the government from
  taking away peoples freedoms, such as freedom of
  speech.

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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
(cont.)

• Individual freedom is a core value of the United
  States, as is equality.

• The Constitutions Fourteenth Amendment requires
  the states to provide equal protection under the
  law to all persons within their boundaries.
• For several decades after independence, only
  white males could vote.

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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
(cont.)

• African American males gained the right to vote
  when the Constitution was changed in 1870.

• All women were given the right to vote in 1920.

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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
(cont.)

• Canada has a parliamentary democracy, in which
  voters elect representatives to a lawmaking body
  called Parliament.

• These representatives choose a prime minister to
  head the government.
• The British monarch serves as king or queen of
  Canada.

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Section 1
Governments of the United States and Canada
(cont.)

• Canada has a federal system in which power is
  divided between the central government and the
  provinces and territories.

• Canadas Charter of Rights and Freedoms protects
  the liberties of Canadian citizens.

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Section 1
Who were the last people in the United States to
be given the right to vote? A. African Americans
B. Jews C. Women D. Both A and B

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 1-End
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Section 2-Main Idea
Culture influences peoples perceptions about
places and regions.
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Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary

• ban
• suburb

• indigenous
• bilingual

Academic Vocabulary

• evolve
• generate

• participate

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Section 2-Polling Question
Do you think there many immigration restrictions
for the United States? A. Yes B. No

1. A
2. B

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Section 2
Each February, the Yukon Quest, a 1,000-mile dog
sled race, begins in Whitehorse, Yukon Territory,
Canada, and ends in Fairbanks, Alaska. Sled teams
have 14 dogs and one driver known as a musher.
The race lasts about two weeks and goes though
temperatures as low as 40ºF (40ºC) and winds up
to 100 miles per hour (161 km per hour).
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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of theUnited States
The culture of the United States has been shaped
by immigrants from around the world.
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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• About 300 million people live in the United
  States, making it the third-most-populous country.

• During the late 1700s and early 1800s, most
  immigrants came from Great Britain, Ireland,
  western and central Africa, and the Caribbean.
• From the late 1800s to the 1920s, most came from
  southern, central, and eastern Europe China
  Japan Mexico and Canada.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• In 1882 Congress passed a law that banned almost
  all immigration from China, and in 1924 another
  law limited other immigrants.

• In 1965 a new law based entry into the United
  States on work skills and links to relatives
  already living here.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• The number of immigrants to the United States
  rose during the late 1900s.

• By 2000, nearly half of the immigrants came from
  Latin America and Canada, and another third came
  from Asia. Less than 15 percent came from Europe.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• People of European descent still make up about
  two-thirds of the population, but Latinos or
  Hispanics make up 15 percent of Americans and are
  the fastest-growing ethnic group.

• African Americans are 12 percent of the
  population, Asian Americans are 4 percent, and
  Native Americans are 1 percent.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• English is the primary language of the United
  States, and Spanish is the most widely spoken
  language after English.

• Americas earliest artists used materials from
  their environment to create their works.
• Native Americans carved wooden masks or made
  pottery from local clay.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• Modern painters such as Winslow Homer and Georgia
  OKeeffe painted scenes from nature in contrast,
  Thomas Eakins and John Sloan painted gritty city
  scenes.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• One theme of American literature is diversity.

• Writers Langston Hughes and Toni Morrison portray
  African Americans in their works.
• Chinese American viewpoints are presented in the
  novels of Amy Tan, and Oscar Hijuelos and Sandra
  Cisneros write about the countrys Latinos.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• A second theme in American literature is the
  landscape and history of particular regions.

• Mark Twains books represent life along the
  Mississippi River in the mid-1800s.
• Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote about the people of New
  England.
• Willa Cather and Laura Ingalls Wilder wrote about
  the Great Plains, and William Faulkner about life
  in the South.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• Americas country music grew out of folk music
  from the rural South in the 1920s and gained many
  fans as it evolved over the years.

• In the early 1900s, African Americans developed
  jazz and blues, which inspired rock and roll in
  the 1950s. Rap and hip-hop are now popular.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• Todays movie industry generates enormous profits
  and continues to entertain audiences around the
  world.

• After 1950, television became an important part
  of American culture.
• Today, the United States is a land of urban
  dwellers, although many people have moved from
  cities to suburbs.

Top Countries for Internet Use
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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of the United States
(cont.)

• Since the 1970s, the fastest-growing regions have
  been the South and Southwest.

• About two-thirds of American families own their
  own homes.
• Americans lead the world in the ownership of cars
  and personal computers and in Internet use.
• Millions of young Americans participate in sports
  leagues, such as baseball and soccer.

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Section 2
Who is one of the best known African American
authors? A. Amy Tan B. Nathaniel
Hawthorne C. Mark Twain D. Toni Morrison

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of Canada
Canadians of many different backgrounds live in
towns and cities close to the U.S. border.
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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of Canada (cont.)

• About one-fourth of Canadians are of French
  ancestry.

• Most of these people live in Quebec, where they
  are 80 percent of the population.
• People of British ancestry form another fourth of
  Canadas population, and they live mainly in
  Ontario, the Atlantic Provinces, and British
  Columbia.
• Other European backgrounds form about 15 percent
  of the population.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of Canada (cont.)

• Canada also is home to people of Asian, African,
  and Latin American backgrounds.

• Indigenous Canadians, or people who are descended
  from the areas first inhabitants, number more
  than a million.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of Canada (cont.)

• Canada is a bilingual country, meaning it has two
  official languages

• English
• French

• To ensure their language and culture, many French
  speakers want Quebec to become an independent
  country.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of Canada (cont.)

• In 1999 the Canadian government created the
  territory of Nunavut for the northern indigenous
  Inuit people who had wanted self-rule while
  remaining part of Canada.

• In Nunavut, the Inuit govern themselves, although
  they still rely on the national government for
  some services.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of Canada (cont.)

• Certain foods are regional favorites.

• Seafood dishes are popular in the Atlantic
  Provinces, while French cuisine is preferred in
  Quebec.
• Ontario features Italian or Eastern European
  foods.
• British Columbia is known for salmon and Asian
  foods.

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Section 2
Cultures and Lifestyles of Canada (cont.)

• Many Canadians enjoy hockey, lacrosse, hunting,
  and fishing.

• They celebrate the founding of Canada on July 1
  and the fall Thanksgiving holiday in October.

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Section 2
To preserve their culture, which province of
Canada wants to become an independent
country? A. Ontario B. British
Columbia C. Quebec D. Nunavut

1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D

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Section 2-End
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VS 1
American History

• Native Americans, or indigenous peoples, are
  North Americas earliest inhabitants.
• The 13 British colonies declared independence in
  1776.
• During the 1800s, the United States grew in
  population and had a prosperous economy.
• The United States became a global power during
  the 1900s.

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VS 2
Canadian History

• France and then Britain acquired control of the
  area that today is Canada.
• In 1867 the Dominion of Canada was founded.
• Canada grew through immigration and developed a
  modern economy.

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VS 3
American and Canadian Governments

• The United States and Canada are democracies
  based on federal systems.
• The U.S. government has three branches, each with
  special powers to check the power of the others.
• Canada has a parliamentary system. Legislative
  members choose a prime minister to head the
  government.

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VS 4
American Culture

• Immigration has created a diversity of groups,
  languages, and religions.
• American art and literature have focused on
  nature and freedom. American music includes
  country and jazz.
• American lifestyles reflect the economic
  well-being of the people.

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VS 5
Canadian Culture

• Canadian culture reflects the diversity of the
  many peoples who settled the country.
• Canadian art and literature draw on nature and
  the history of the country.
• Foods and pastimes in Canada reflect regional
  life and the contributions of immigrants.

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VS-End
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Figure 1
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Figure 3
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PP Trans
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DFS Trans 1
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DFS Trans 2
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Vocab1
colony overseas settlement tied to a parent
country
79
Vocab2
annex declare ownership of an area
80
Vocab3
terrorism violence used against the people or
government in the hopes of winning political
goals
81
Vocab4
dominion self-governing country in the British
Empire
82
Vocab5
representative democracy form of government in
which voters choose leaders who make and enforce
the laws
83
Vocab6
federalism form of government in which power is
divided between the federal, or national,
government and the state governments
84
Vocab7
amendment an addition to a legal document or law
85
Vocab8
parliamentary democracy form of government in
which voters elect representatives to a lawmaking
body called Parliament, and members of Parliament
vote for an official called the prime minister to
head the government
86
Vocab9
economy way of producing goods
87
Vocab10
regime government
88
Vocab11
principle rule or guideline
89
Vocab12
core basic or fundamental
90
Vocab13
ban legally block
91
Vocab14
suburb smaller community just outside a large
city
92
Vocab15
indigenous people descended from an areas first
inhabitants
93
Vocab16
bilingual accepting two official languages able
to speak two languages
94
Vocab17
evolve develop
95
Vocab18
generate make
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Vocab19
participate take part in
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