Pests and Crop Protection CFAN 3001 – Entomology Module Lecture: MW 8:30 – 9:20; Lab: F 8:30 – 10:25 Lecture: 132 Plant Growth; Lab: Hodson Hall 485 Web page, www.ipmworld.umn.edu

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Pests and Crop Protection CFAN 3001 Entomology
ModuleLecture MW 830 920 Lab F 830
1025Lecture 132 Plant Growth Lab Hodson
Hall 485Web page, www.ipmworld.umn.edu
Dr. Bill Hutchison, 219 Hodson Hall
612-624-1299, hutch002_at_umn.edu Amy Morey (TA, Lab
Section, 485 Hodson Hall), morey041_at_umn.edu
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Science - The art of deriving sufficient
conclusions from insufficient data. (Study of
the Universe)
Biology Study of Life
Zoology Study of Animals
Entomology Study of Insects
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Entomology a pest-based discipline

• Insects are the most prevalent taxa in our
  environment
• Attract human attention when they occur in LARGE
  numbers
• What causes change in abundance, dispersion, and
  diversity? (Insect Ecology)

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Identification

• Pest Management first step is to know what
  insect(s) are present
• What stage is easiest to control
• How many are too many
• What tactics can be used
• Prevention
• Therapeutic (insecticide)
• Impact of control on the agroecosystem

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Classification

• Systematics - study of the classification of
  related organisms based on ancestral characters
  (Phylogenetics)
• Taxonomy is the science of naming organisms

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Species Name

• All organisms have a Latin binomial. The Genus
  and species
• Examples Leptinotarsa decimlineata Say

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Latin Names

• Latin names are descriptive
• Used worldwide
• Key to the scientific literature

Leptinotarsa decimlineata Say
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Classification Hierarchy

• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus species
• Kings play chess on Fridays generally speaking

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WHAT MAKES AN ANIMAL AN INSECT?
Principle Features of Phylum Arthropoda and Class
Insecta

• 1. SEGMENTED BODY - with three principal body
  regions
• a. Head (fusion of 5 or 6 six segments into
  a functional unit Tagmosis)
• b. Thorax (locomotor tagma)
• c. Abdomen (digestive and reproductive
  organs)
• Exoskeleton comprised of CHITIN
• TRACHEAL system for gas exchange
• One pair of ANTENNAE

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Class Insecta

• Order classification primarily based on
• structure of
• wings
• mouthparts
• metamorphosis

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Major events in Insect Evolution

• Development of wings in Carboniferous
  (Pterygota Paleoptera)
• Wing Flexion (Pterygota Neoptera)
• Metamorphosis
• Simple (Exopterygota)
• Orthopteroid Orders
• Hemipteroid Orders (sucking mouthparts)
• Complex Holometabolous (Endopterygota)
• Bees, wasps, ants
• Beetles
• Flies
• Butterflies/moths

See lab manual for details
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Insect Diversity
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Why are insects so abundant?
Small size
- takes little food to mature to reproductive age
Ability to fly
- escape enemies, adverse environmental conditions
Unique body
- waxy layer, strong exoskeleton, jointed legs
High reproductive capacity
- e.g. CPB female can lay 3000 eggs
Metamorphosis
- adults and young use different resources
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Facts you should know about insects
World-wide entomologists have described about 1
million species, systematists estimate between 2
and 10 million
There are about 100,000 species described in the
U.S.
15,000 - 20,000 insect species in Minnesota
Q How many () are pests?
lt 1 are injurious - ca. 3,000 species worldwide
600 pest insects in the United States
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Insect Abundance and Diversity

• Insects live in every habitable place on earth
  except ocean floor
• Chief consumers of plants on the planet
• Major predators of plant eaters
• Key role in decay of organic matter
• Key role as food for other organisms
• In some human cultures insects comprise 10 of
  the diet
• Nearly 1 million described species
• From from 2 to 10 million yet to be described.
• Outnumber humans by nearly 200 million to 1

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How Do Insects Cause Damage?
Injury to crops
DIRECT or INDIRECT injury
Injury to Humans and animals
Blood feeding - disease transmission
Internal External Parasites
Annoyance
Injecting toxic substances
Destroy stored products and possessions
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Pest -
A living organism that occurs in such numbers and
places so that it is inconvenient to human
health, economics, comfort, or aesthetics.
- An insect which favorably affects humans
with the result of its actions or products.
Beneficial Insect
Losses in Agriculture
Preharvest 13.0
Postharvest 3.5
TOTAL 16.5
Annual loss in the U.S. about 7 billion annually
to insects
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IPM - Integrated Pest Management
IPM - an ecologically based pest control
strategy that maintains pest species below the
economic injury level by use of the most
appropriate and environmentally sound methods
available.
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Control Strategies
1. Natural
2. Biological
3. Cultural
4. Legislative and Regulatory
5. Mechanical and Physical
6. Genetic
7. Chemical
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What is a Land-Grant Institution?

• Established by an act of Congress in 1862, known
  as the Morrill Act.
• Donating Public Lands to the several States and
  Territories which may provide Colleges for the
  Benefit of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. ..an
  amount of public land . equal to thirty thousand
  acres for each senator and representative in
  Congress.
• Land sales funded establishment of the University
  of Minnesota.
• Mandate was to teach agriculture, military
  tactics, and the mechanical arts as well as
  classical studies.
• Hatch Act 1887, Established the Agricultural
  Experiment Stations
• Extension Service Smith-Lever Act, 1914, In
  order to aid in diffusing among the people of the
  United States useful and practical information on
  subjects relating to agriculture..