Prior to the SpanishAmerican War, which country was the leading imperialistic power

1
Prior to the Spanish-American War, which country
was the leading imperialistic power?

• The leading imperialist power claimed,
• The sun never sets on the British Empire.

2
Acquiring Hawaii

• 4,000 miles east of the Philippines
• Strategic location for US to get to trade with
  China and business opportunities

3
The beginning of the end of the monarchy in
Hawaii.

• King Kalakauam had attempted to restrict American
  influence in Hawaii in 1886
• The secret Hawaiian League aimed to overthrow the
  monarchy
• In 1887 forced to sign a new constitution
• 1891 died.

4
Bayonet Constitution Monarch only a
figurehead limited right of native Hawaiians to
hold office same year Pearl Harbor becomes US
naval base
5

• Liliuokalani -- Queen in 1891

• Attempted to rewrite the constitution

6
January 16, 1893

• 4 boatloads of armed US Marines came ashore in
  Honolulu
• Jan. 17, 1893, Queen Liliuokalani surrendered at
  gunpoint

7

• Provisional government petitioned the US to annex
  Hawaii
• Hawaii was annexed through a joint resolution of
  the US Congress in 1898.
• Hawaii? US Statehood1959

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Cuba

• Along with Puerto Rico, last of the Spanish
  colonies in the late 1800s

10
Yellow Journalism
Style of journalism-sensationalism to sell
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The Yellow Kid Comic
13
WilliamRandolph Hearst
You furnish the pictures and Ill furnish the
war...
14
Remember the Maine! And to hell with Spain!
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The Splendid Little War

• 1st press-driven war
• First battles fought not in Cuba but in the
  Spanish-held Philippine Islands.

17
The White Mans Burden by Rudyard Kipling

• Take up the White Man's burden--Send forth the
  best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo
  serve your captives' needTo wait in heavy
  harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your
  new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and
  half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In
  patience to abide,To veil the threat of
  terrorAnd check the show of prideBy open
  speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo
  seek another's profit,And work another's gain.

18
The Real White Mans Burden by Ernest Howard
Crosby

• Take up the White Man's burden
• Send forth your sturdy sons,
• And load them down with whisky
• And Testaments and guns.
• Throw in a few diseases
• To spread in tropic climes,
• For there the healthy niggers
• Are quite behind the times.
• And don't forget the factories.
• On those benighted shores
• They have no cheerful iron-mills
• Nor eke department stores.
• They never work twelve hours a day,
• And live in strange content,
• Altho they never have to pay
• A single cent of rent.
• Take up the White Man's burden,

• They need our labor question, too,
• And politics and fraud,
• We've made a pretty mess at home
• Let's make a mess abroad.
• And let us ever humbly pray
• The Lord of Hosts may deign
• To stir our feeble memories,
• Lest we forget -- the Maine.
• Take up the White Man's burden
• To you who thus succeed
• In civilizing savage hoards
• They owe a debt, indeed
• Concessions, pensions, salaries,
• And privilege and right,
• With outstretched hands you raise to bless
• Grab everything in sight.
• Take up the White Man's burden,

19
Spain begins to lose the war!
20
America goes to war

• Filipino patriot Emilio Aguinaldo along with
  American troops captured Manila

21
Meanwhile in Cuba

• Teddy Roosevelt and the Rough Riders capture San
  Juan Hill
• Led to the capture of Santiago and surrender of
  Spain

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Spains loss.

• Cuba granted independence
• Puerto Rico and Guam ceded to the US
• Gave up control of the Philippines in return for
  a US payment of 20 million

24
Gain for the United States
Overseas territories Secured position as an
imperialist and world power!!!
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Now, what do we do with the Philippines?

• President Mc Kinley

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The debate over annexation

• Pro arguments
• Commercial and naval reasons
• Bring democracy to the Philippines
• To keep out European powers!
• America is there to protect!

• Con arguments
• Violates ideals of the Declaration of
  Independence!
• Filipinos did not want the US there.
• Racist attitude Filipinos were unassimilable

28
If American troops attempt to take forcible
possession we Will go to war. Upon their heads
will be all the blood which may be shed
29
Fighting having begun, must go to the grim end.

• General Otis
• Commander of US

30
By the Wars end for America.

• three years later in 1902
• 126,500 American troops served
• 4,234 died
• 2,800 were wounded
• at a cost of 400,000,000.

31
For the Filipinos

• Concentration camp policy had been implemented in
  1901 (like the Spanish had done in Cuba)
• 18,000 killed in combat
• Approximately 200,000 died of famine and disease
  as American soldiers burned villages, destroyed
  crops and livestock

32
Philippine Government Act Philippines would be
ruled by a Governor and 2-House
Legislator William Howard Taft 1st
governor Jones Act of 1916 Gave Filipinos right
to elect both houses of their Legislature Indepen
dence would have to wait until Congress declared
that a stable government had been established.
33

• Philippines do not gain independence until 1946

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The Boxer Rebellion

• America, China and the Open Door Policy

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BACKGROUND

• China had experienced foreign invasions
  throughout the 19th century.
• Modern weapons put China at the mercy of foreign
  countries.

38

• Tsu Hsi, empress
• dowager of the
• Ching Dynasty
• attempted to rid
• China of the
• foreign parasites.

39
Spheres of Influence

• Austria,
• France,
• Germany,
• Great Britain,
• Italy,
• Japan,
• and Russia
• all claimed exclusive trading
• rights to certain parts of China.

40
From the Philippines.to China

• From the Philippines, United States only 400
  miles from China
• United States businessmen wanted to take
  advantage of Chinas vast resources
• So, the United States was looking for a way in!

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Since public opinion had been strained by the
Philippines War, I will negotiate with the other
foreign powers. I suggest we have an Open Door
policy in China! -John Hay
42
Open Door Policy

• Equal trading rights would be guaranteed for all.
• One nation would be prevented from discriminating
  against another with its sphere.

43

• Hay announced that since all of the powers had
  accepted the Open Door in principle, the US
  considered their agreement..
• FINAL AND DEFINITIVE!!!!

44
Fists of Righteous Harmony

• Secret Chinese society
• Boxers

45
Goal of the Boxers

• 1. Overthrow the Ching Dynasty
• 2. Expel all foreign devils

46
Boxer Rebellion

• Boxers attacked Christian missions, slaughtered
  foreign missionaries and Chinese converts.

47

• 8 countries assembled an international relief
  force
• 2,500 sailors and marines were sent from the US

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Affect of the Rebellion

• Forbidden City ransacked and looted
• Ching Dynastys power destroyed
• An expanded Open Door policy implemented-corners
  tone of US policy in Asia for 50 years

51

• Taking the Panama Canal

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Why an interest in Panama?
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TR for President!!!
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Good Enough for Me!
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.on to Panama!!!!!!!!!!

• To build a canal for naval domination in two
  oceans

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The French were willing to sell Panama for 40
million
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Panama Revolts

• Panama was a colony of Colombia

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Panama Revolts

• Panama was a colony of Colombia
• Encouraged by hints of American support,
  Panamanian nationalists revolted

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On November 3, Panama declared independence.
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• Bunau-Varilla Treaty
• American right to
• build and operate a
• canal through Panama
• titular sovereignty
• over the 10-mile canal

64
The Workers

• United States begins working on the project in
  1904

65

• 90 of the workers were from the West Indies
  (31,000)
• Lived in slums or built own shacks in the jungle
• Often worked in 130 degree temperatures

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Yellow Fever and Malaria
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Affect of the Panama Canal

• A symbol of human creativity, persistence, and
  achievement.

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Affect of the Panama Canal

• A symbol of human creativity, persistence, and
  achievement.
• Great impact on trade and defensive routes

74
Affect of the Panama Canal

• A symbol of human creativity, persistence, and
  achievement.
• Great impact on trade and defensive routes
• 352 million on construction by the US

75
Affect of the Panama Canal

• A symbol of human creativity, persistence, and
  achievement.
• Great impact on trade and defensive routes
• 352 million on construction by the US

76
Intervention in Latin America

• Between the end of the Spanish-American War and
  the 1930s, the US sent troops to Latin American
  countries..

77
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine..

• Because the US was civilized it had the right
  to stop chronic wrongdoing throughout the
  Western Hemisphere.

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International Police!

• Justified American Intervention.
• In several Caribbean countries
• By Presidents Taft and Wilson
• By Pres Reagan (Grenada and Nicaragua)
• By Pres Bush (Panama)
• By Pres Clinton (Haiti)