Title: IMPROVING THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE BY OPTIMIZING OF NUTRITION AND INTRODUCED A REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN DAIRY HERDS
1IMPROVING THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE BY
OPTIMIZING OF NUTRITION AND INTRODUCED A
REPRODUCTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN DAIRY HERDS
- 1Gábor, G., 2Koppány G., 1Tóth, F., 2Kulik, Z.,
2Szegszárdy I. - 1Research Institute for Animal Breeding and
Nutrition, H-2053 Herceghalom, Hungary, - 2Vitafort RT, H-2370 Dabas, Hungary
2Why is that actual?
- a continuous elevation of the average milk
production - herds estrus detection is the main limitation for
the optimal reproductive performance - Optimizing reproductive performance by
reproductive management is available - Pharmaceutical regulation of the estrus cycle let
us synchronizing estrus and ovulation, regulating
follicular waves, reducing undetected heats,
improving AI. - Aims Decreasing the parturition interval and the
number of AI per pregnancy
3Milk production in Hungary
- Milk Producers 25-26 thousands farmers and farm
- Milk production 2 billion kg
- Number of milking cows 210000
- Average milk production per cow/year 7600 kg
- Calving interval /CI/ (2004) 434 days
- Number of AI per pregnancy/NAIP/ 3.48
- Decrease of the NAIP by 0.1 means about 300.000
savings per year . - Decrease the CI by 1 day means about 600.000
savings per year.
4Biological background easy procedure?
lt 90
Whats the problem?
5Causes and consequences
- Causes
- High milk production
- Suboptimal management systems
- Inadequate nutrient intake
- Consequences
- NEBAL at parturition and low body condition
- Increase the number of AI's per pregnancy
- Inactive ovaries
- Increase of calving interval
6The change of intake and require of ME and the
body weight during lactation (Roberts, 1982)
7Milk production and fertility of dairy cows
8Effect of inadequate nutrition on the ovaries
- Deficit of energy intake
- CLs with cavities (physiological??)
- Luteal cyst
- Embryonic loss
- Deficit of protein intake
- Inactive ovaries
- Non cycling cows
- High protein dietary
- Increase of serum urea concentration
- Decrease of serum progesteron concentration
- Follicle cyst
- Embryonic loss
9The aims of our management system
- Improving reproductive performance by optimizing
nutrition. - Prevention of the negative effect of the
inadequate nutrition (NEBAL, protein imbalance,
vitamin, micro-elements and mineral
insufficiency) - Improve BCS and decrease negative effects of
NEBAL, in order to allow a normal reaction of
cows for the reproductive treatments. - Decrease the calving interval and the number of
AI's per pregnancy.
10The main elements of this management system
- Optimizing nutrition
- Examination of the basic nutrition components
(detailed chemical analysis of the feeds) - On the basis of analyses the optimized diet is
calculated energy, protein, mineral and vitamin
requirements, protein and energy balance) - The diets are calculated by the milk yield.
- The diets are adequate to the different dairy
farms. - Continuous controlling the mixed food
- Optimizing the reproduction
- Early pregnancy check
- Controlling the reproductive cycle
- Synchronization of ovulation and inducing estrus
- Re-breeding the open cows as soon as it possible!!
11Early pregnancy detection
- The most common methods for the pregnancy
detection - Uterine palpation per rectum (35-60 days post
insemination) - Ultrasound examination (since 25 days post
insemination) - Milk or serum progesterone (2-3 times 18-25 days
post insemination) - Different pregnancy-specific proteins (PSPB, PAG
since 25 days post insemination)
12Ultrasonography of the uterus
The use of transrectal ultrasonography to assess
pregnancy status during early gestation is among
the most practical applications of ultrasound for
dairy cattle reproduction.
13Early pregnancy detection by examination of the
Pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB)
- Pregnancy specific protein B is measured for
detection of pregnancy in ruminants. BioPRYNTM,
an ELISA test for PSPB, has been developed and is
distributed for the detection of PSPB in the
circulation of pregnant cows 28-30 days after
insemination. - Detection of PSPB in blood provides an
indication of embryonic loss as well.
14Examination of the serum or milk progesterone
concentration
Progesterone ng/ml
Days from estrus
15Ultrasonography of the ovaries
Application of ultrasound for monitoring the
estrus cycle (examination of different ovarian
structures 40 to 60 days post partum) in order
to decide the exact treatment for cows that were
open after each AI.
16Methods for inducing estrus and synchronizing
ovulation
- Methods with heat detection
- Progestin application (MGA, PRID, CIDR)
- Deslorelin implant (GnRH agonist)
- Prostaglandin (single or repeated PGf2a im
treatment) - Timed insemination
- Heatsynch (GnRH - PGf2a ECP)
- Ovsynch (GnRH - PGf2a GnRH)
- Provsynch (PGf2a PGf2a GnRH - PGf2a GnRH)
starts 35 days after parturition
17Table 1 Efficiency of the different hormonal
treatments on the PR after the first AI
18Table 2 Results of the new management system in
practice (a HF herd with 300 cows)
2001 2002 2003 2004
Milk production (kg) 7988 8685 9300 9250
Calving interval (days) 439 425 410 405
Number of AI per pregnancy 3.95 3.09 3.01 2.3
Pregnancy rate after the first service () 21.1 29.8 40.1 44.3
19The optimized nutrition and reproductive
management system in practice
- Optimizing the diet for the given herd.
- Timed AI (Provsynch) of all cows 70-75 days
postpartum. - Early (30-36 days post insemination) pregnancy
detection by BioPryn test. - Blood sera of the open cows are assayed for serum
P4 level and all cows in cycle are treated
immediately by a single PGF2a injection. - Non-cycling cows are put on the Ovsynch regimen
and timed AI is carried out 10 days followed the
first GnRH treatment.
20Table 3 The cost-benefit analysis of improved
fertility results in 2002-2004 (data originated
from Table 2)
Savings () (reduced cost) Cost () Profit ()
2002 13002 1627 11375
2003 25392 2136 23255
2004 31863 2575 29289
Total () 70257 6338 63919
herd level, savings by reducing calving
interval and AI costs, cost of products for
treatment
21Conclusions
- On the basis of our experiences and practice,
these regimens would help to reduce anoestrus,
parturition interval, synchronize return services
and enhance embryo survival. - The improvement of the reproductive performance
will result higher profitability, so the complex
nutrition and reproductive management system is a
rational method to the better economic efficiency
and competitive superiority.
22- Thank you for your attention!
23Regulation of reproduction
- Interactive procedure that coordinates and
regulates all reproductive functions - Main elements of the regulation are
- Nervous system
- Fundamental responsibility is translating or
transducing external stimuli into neural signals - Endocrine system
- Pathways are neural reflex and neuroendocrine
reflex.
24Simple neural and neuroendocrine reflex (Senger,
2003)
25Reproductive hormones
- Originate
- Hypothalamus
- Pituitary
- Gonads
- Uterus
- Placenta
- Cause
- Release of other hormones (releasing hormones)
- Stimulate gonads (gonadotropins)
- Sexual promotion (steroids)
- Pregnancy maintenance
- Luteolysis
- Biochemical classification
- Peptides
- Glycoproteins
- Steroids
- Prostaglandins
26The most important hormones influencing ovarian
activity
Hormone Biochemical classification Source Action in female Effect on ovary
GnRH Decapeptide Hypothalamus Release FSH and LH Follicular develop-ment ovulation
LH Glycoprotein Pituitary Stimulates ovulation and P4 secretion Formation of CL
FSH Glycoprotein Pituitary Follicular development, E2 synthesis Development of follicles
Progesterone Steroid CL, placenta Maintenance of pregnancy Inhibits GnRH release
Estradiol Steroid Follicle, placenta Sexual behavior -
hCG Glycoprotein Chorion ovarian P4 synthesis -
eCG Glycoprotein Chorion Formation of accessory CLs -
PGF2a Prostaglandin Endometrium Destruction of CL Luteolysis
Inhibin Glycoprotein Granulosal cells Inhibits FSH secretion Inhibits follicle development
27The estrus cycle of the cow (Senger, 2003)
28PSPB is a novel protein that was first reported
by scientists at the University of Idaho. PSPB is
located in the giant binucleate cells of the
trophoblastic ectoderm of the placenta and this
indicated that it was either synthesized or
sequestered by those cells.
Caruncle
Cotyledon
29Migration of these cells result the appearance of
PSPB in the maternal circulation.
Bi-Nucleated Cells
Placenta
Uterus
PSPB in Circulation
30- PSPB is detectable in serum from 24 to 282
(parturition) days of gestation and can be
applied reliably in dairy cow herds at 28 to 30
days after breading.
PSPB ng/mL
Parturition
Days post breeding
31Biopryn ELISA test stop color reaction
32Distribution of Optical Density (OD)
O D
cutoff