Aerodrome Certification Workshop Trinidad 13 – 16 May, 2002 Canada’s Approach to Aerodrome Certification

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Aerodrome Certification WorkshopTrinidad 13 16
May, 2002 Canadas Approach to Aerodrome
Certification
Peggy Wilson, Chief Aerodrome Standards Transport
Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Todays Discussion

• Regulatory Authority Organization
• Staff Qualifications and Training
• Certified Airports and Canadas Regulations
• Aerodrome Certification Procedures
• Airport Operations Manuals
• Inspections, Audits and Checklists
• Safety Management Systems
• Exemptions and Risk Assessments

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Regulatory Authority Organization

• Headquarters in Ottawa
• Minister of Transport - Deputy Minister -
  Assistant Deputy Minister
• Director General Civil Aviation
• Director Aerodrome Safety
• Chiefs of
• Aerodrome Standards
• Programs and Audits
• Wildlife
• Engineering
• Noise and Environment
• Inspectors and Engineers

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Regulatory Authority Organization (contd)

• Headquarters
• Has Functional Authority over the Regions - not
  Line Authority
• Sets Policy
• Develops Regulations Provides Regulatory
  Interpretation
• Researches new technology
• Responsible for Inspection Program
• Conducts National Audits
• ICAO Responsibilities
• CARAC Responsibilities
• Regions Inspectors, no Engineers
• Five Regions spread out across the country
• Carries out Inspection Program
• Identifies Interpretation Difficulties

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Staff and Qualifications

• Delegations of Authority to Inspect
• Civil Aviation Inspectors
• Airline Transport Pilot License
• Project, Management or Other Airport Experience
• Technical Inspectors
• Specific Airport Experience or Specialty
• Airport Management
• Airport Fire Chief
• Human Organizational Factors, Safety Management
  Systems
• Specialists that Support the Inspection Program
• Engineers
• Wildlife Specialist
• Noise and Zoning Specialist

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Requisite Employee Training

• Phase I
• Develop core, business job specific
  Competencies
• Phase II
• To enhance and fully master Competencies
• Phase III
• For ongoing maintenance of all Competencies
• Phase IV
• Necessary for Career Development

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Training Programs

• Basic Aviation Enforcement
• Communications Skills
• Introduction to Risk Management
• Transport Canada Orientation
• Aerodrome Specialty Course
• Formal On The Job Training Program
• Initial Audit Procedures
• Project Management Course
• Human and Organizational Factors Training
• Flight Training Currency for those with ATPL

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Canadas Certified Airports

• Land Airports 379
• Included International and Far North
• Heliports 253
• Includes Hospital and Rooftop
• Water Airports 18
• Ice Airports (Better known in the summer as
  water) 2
• TOTAL 652

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Aerodrome RegulationsCanadian Aviation
Regulations (CARs) Part III

• Regulations, Standards Advisory Material
• Standards (TP312) mirror Annex 14 with additions
• Wildlife Winter Maintenance Construction
  Airside Access and Vehicle Control
• Separate Regulations for Fire Fighting
• Meets or Exceeds Annex 14 requirements
• Airport Security is regulated by different
  Directorate

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Present Canadian Regulations

• Airports Eligible for Certification
• Receive scheduled passenger carrying aircraft
• Are in a built-up area or
• In the Public Interest
• Incorporates Standards by reference

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Future Canadian Regulations

• New Applicability of Airport Certification
  Regulations
• International Airports
• Receiving Commercial Passenger-Carrying Aircraft
  10 seats and over
• In a Built-up Area
• In the Public Interest
• Those that Choose to be Certified

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International Airports

• These Airports must meet
• ICAO Annex 14
• Plus additional Canadian Regulatory requirements
• ICAO Annex 9 requirements for Customs and
  Immigration
• CARs Part 303 for Aircraft Rescue and Fire
  Fighting
• These airports will be listed in a Schedule
  to the Regulation and submitted to ICAO for
  inclusion as an International Airport

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Commercial Passenger-Carrying

• These Airports must meet standards
• Appropriate to the size of aircraft it serves or
  larger
• Safety Management System
• Based on the number of annual movements
• Applicable to the regulated level of
  fire-fighting at the site

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Other Certified Airports

• Built-Up Public Interest and Operator Choice
• Must meet standards appropriate to the
• Location
• Situation
• Traffic needs
• Safety Management System

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Built-Up Public Interest

• Neither term has any fixed meaning in Canadian
  law
• For Built-Up
• we use a matrix
• For Public Interest
• The simple private interests of the aerodrome are
  not, in themselves, sufficient to meet this test
• All potentially affected stakeholders input must
  be addressed
• Must include all economic and environmental
  impacts
• Transport Canada review and concurrence required

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Heliports and Water Airports

• Canada has separate Regulations and Standards for
  the Certification of
• Heliports and
• Water Airports
• These primarily relate to Built-Up and Public
  Interest situations

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Certification Procedures

• Airport Certificate issued where
• Airport Operations Manual accurately describes
  the physical specifications of the aerodrome
• Airport Operations Manual is approved where the
  physical specifications outlined in the AOM
  conforms to the requirements in the Standards
  (TP312)
• Inspection on-site to determine that the Airport
  actually meets the standards or
• Exemption considerations, based on an
  Aeronautical Study

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Airport Operations Manuals

• The Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) Part III
  specify that the AOM
• Accurately describes the physical specifications
  of the aerodrome
• The physical specifications must conforms to the
  requirements in the Standards (TP312) (Annex
  14)
• Contain the required approved Plans
• Contain signed Agreements MOUs

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Airport Operations Manuals (contd)

• An electronic version of the new Draft
  Suggested Format for an AOM is provided
• Consists of Four Parts
• Part I - Administrative Information
• Part II - Airport Specifications
• Part III - Airside Services
• Part IV - Airside Operational Plans and Procedures

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Operational Plans

• Performance Based
• Examples
• Emergency Response Planning
• Wildlife Management and Control Planning
• Winter Maintenance and Planning
• Airside Access and Vehicle Control Planning

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Safety Management Systems

• References
• ICAO
• Annex 14 and
• Manual on Certification of Aerodromes
• Introduction to Safety Management Systems
• Safety Management Systems for Flight Operations
  Aircraft Maintenance Organizations

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International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO)

• Annex 14
• 1.3 Certification of Aerodromes
• 1.3.6 As of 20 November 2005, a certified
  aerodrome shall have in operation a safety
  management system.
• Manual on Certification of Aerodromes
• Essential features of an aerodrome safety
  management system

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What is a Safety Management System?

• Most Definitions highlight the following
• A business approach to safety
• A systematic, explicit and comprehensive process
  for managing risks
• Provides for goal setting, planning and measuring
  performance
• Concerns with organizational safety rather than
  the conventional health and safety at work
  concerns
• Woven into the fabric of an organization
• Part of the Culture

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Key Features of SMS

• Senior Management Commitment
• Safety Policy
• Safety Information
• Establishing Safety as a Core Value
• Hazard Identification and Risk Management

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Key Features of SMS (contd)

• Establishing a Safety Reporting System
• Safety Audit/Assessment
• Accident Incident Reporting and Investigation
• Safety Orientation and Recurrent Training
• Emergency Response Plan
• Documentation

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Canadas Objectives for SMS

• More proactive safety management by aviation
  professionals
• Consultative approach to promote and establish a
  pervasive safety culture
• Take account of human and organizational factors
• Non-prescriptive, performance-based approach to
  safety regulation

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SMS Initiatives in Canada

• Safety Management Systems Briefing Campaign
• Introductory booklet on Safety Management Systems
• Canadian Aviation Safety Seminar (CASS)
• Regulations and Standards for Flight Operations
  and Aircraft Maintenance Organizations
• Guidance Booklet A Guide to Implementation
• Aerodrome Safety drafting Regulations and
  Standards for Airports

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Evaluation of an Airport SMS

• Guidance for self evaluation as well as for
  Inspection evaluation

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The On-Site Inspection

• Inspections are conducted to ensure
• Initial
• AOM reflects whats on-site
• Site meets the Standards
• Plans meet the requirements of the site
• Annual
• Ongoing compliance
• Follow-up
• Deficiencies corrected
• Other
• i.e. During construction

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Inspection Checklists

• Based on a National Database of Airport
  Information
• Regions input all physical characteristics
  concerning the airports in their Region
• Develop a site specific checklist for each
  Inspection based on
• Areas that may have problems
• Selected elements such as runways or taxiways
• A sampling of all elements
• The produced checklist identifies the standards
  to be met for the individual site

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Exemptions from Standards

• Aeronautics Act
• 5.9 (2) Exemption by Minister (of Transport)
• The Minister may, on such terms and conditions
  as the Minister deems necessary, exempt any
  person, aircraft, aerodrome, facility or service
  from the application of any regulation or order
  made under this Part if in the opinion of the
  Minister the exemption is in the public interest
  and is not likely to affect aviation safety.

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Exemptions May be Granted

• Pursuant to a Regulation with Criteria
• provided within the particular regulation
• unless authorized by the Minister
• specific criteria on which it is based
• Executive Decision Pursuant to 5.9(2)
• only in unforeseen circumstances
• which are unlikely to recur or
• the regulation is being amended
• 5.9(2) states that it must
• be in the Public Interest and
• not affect Aviation Safety

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Exemptions from Regulations

• Formal Exemption Process for all of Civil
  Aviation
• Civil Aviation Directive No. 1
• Places responsibilities on
• Airport Operator (or applicant) and
• Transport Canada Official with Delegation of
  Authority

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Exemption Process (Civil Aviation Directive No. 1)

• Applicant Responsibilities
• Make compelling case why it should be granted
• Provide supporting arguments for
• How its in the Public Interest
• How it would not affect aviation safety
• Propose conditions that could mitigate risk

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Exemption Process (Civil Aviation Directive No. 1)

• Transport Canada Responsibilities
• Delegated officials who have Ministerial
  Delegation must exercise their delegated
  authority carefully and ensure that
• the need is justified
• all safety implications are fully considered
• all applications are treated consistently
• national standardization for granting or denying
  is met by following Civil Aviation Directive No. 1

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Aeronautical Study(Risk Assessments)

• Aeronautical Study
• In-depth analysis (Risk Assessment) designed to
• Identify the risks with respect to proposed
  changes
• Identify measures to eliminate or reduce those
  risks
• Determine the most appropriate Risk Assessment
  tool
• Risk Management Decision Making in Civil
  Aviation
• Short Risk Management Process
• Full Risk Management Process
• In-depth Risk Management Process

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Thank You

• Peggy Wilson
• Chief, Aerodrome Standards
• Aerodrome Safety, Transport Canada
• Ottawa Canada [phone]
• wilsop_at_tc.gc.ca