ResearchBased Strategies

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Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student
Achievement
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Identifying Similarities and Differences Summarizi
ng and Note Taking Reinforcing Effort and
Providing Recognition Homework and
Practice Nonlinguistic Representations Cooperative
Learning Setting Objectives and Providing
Feedback Generating and Testing Hypotheses Cues,
Questions, and Advance Organizers
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Generalizations

• Presenting students with guidance in
  identifying similarities and differences enhances
  student understanding of and ability to use the
  knowledge.
• Asking students to independently identify
  similarities and differences enhances student
  understanding of and ability to use the
  knowledge.
• Representing similarities and differences in
  graphic form enhances student understanding of
  and ability to use the knowledge.
• Identification of similarities and
  differences can be accomplished in several ways.

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Comparing Classifying Metaphors Analogies
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Comparing
The process of identifying similarities and
differences between or among things or ideas.
More specifically Comparing refers to
identifying similarities. Contrasting
refers to identifying differences.
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An effective activity modeling comparison
identifies the important characteristics upon
which the similarities and differences are
identified.
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Simple Steps for Comparing
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Teacher Directed Comparison Task
Highly structured. Teacher identifies the items
to be compared and the characteristics on which
the comparison is to be made. Gives focus for the
conclusion that will be reached by the
student. Teaches the process of comparing.
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Student Directed Comparison Tasks
Students may select the items to be
compared. Students may select the characteristics
on which to compare the items. Students may
select both the items to be compared and the
characteristics to be used in the comparison.
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Visual Tools
Simple Venn Diagram
T-Chart
Complex Venn Diagram
Comparison Matrix
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Broad
Specific
Climate
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Simple Venn diagrams should be completed for just
one characteristic so that the students can
easily see the similarities and differences for
that characteristic.
Pioneer Days Today
Holidays
Pioneer Days Today
Food
Limited variety
Large variety
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Think Outside the Circle (or
Venn Diagram)
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Think Outside the Circle (or Venn Diagram)
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Breakout 1
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Metaphors
The process of identifying a general or basic
pattern in a specific topic and then finding
another topic that appears to be quite different
but that has the same general pattern.
Simply A direct comparison between two unlike
objects that share the same characteristics. The
comparison cannot use the words like or as.
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Metaphors are used to create strong images.
My teacher is a grizzly bear first thing in the
morning.
The structure of a DNA molecule is a ladder.
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Teacher Directed Metaphor
Teacher provides the first element and the
abstract relationship.
Element 1 Brain Abstract Relationship Soaks
things up Element 2 ?
Teacher provides the two elements.
Element 1 a mans legs Element 2 two
broomsticks Abstract Relationship ?
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Student Directed Metaphor
Teacher presents one element. Students identify
a second element and describe the abstract
relationship.
Given Element my classroom Abstract
Relationship chaotic Element three ring circus
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Man Mouse large small talks squeaks alive
alive two legs four legs timid timid
The man is as timid as a mouse. The man is a
mouse. He is a mouse around his boss.
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Metaphoric Comparison Chart
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Metaphoric Flow Chart
Element 1 Literal Pattern 1
Abstract
Literal Pattern 2 Element 2
Something is wonderful and you want to go near
it, but if you get too close you could get hurt.
Blossom is sweet, but if you touch the thorns you
get hurt.
Makes you feel happy, but the person you love can
hurt you.
Rose
Love
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Breakout 2
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Handouts Blackline masters of visual
tools Rubrics
Resources Graphic Organizers Smart Card