Title: Greece The Golden Age Agenda 6.3 Outline Outline A. Philip
1Greece
6.3 Outline
2Outline
A. Philip of Macedon 1. 359 B.C. he becomes
king of Macedonia after being captive in Thebes
as a youth. 2. recruited and organized the
best disciplined army in Macedonian
history 3. organized his infantry into
phalanxes ( rows of soldiers standing shoulder to
shoulder) a. they carried pikes or spears
that were about 18 feet long b. phalanxes
were extremely effective vs. cavalry charges
3Outline
- A. Philip of Macedon
- 4. Goals
- Restore order in Macedon
- Control Athenian colonies in the north
- Conquer all of Greece.
4Outline (Continued)
- 5. Demosthenes spoke out against Philip II
- a. tried to get Athens to fight for liberty
from Phillip - b. his attempts failed because the other city
states would not follow and were crushed by
Phillip. - 6. Philip defeated Thebes and Athens at the
Battle of Chaeronea which united Greece under
Phillips rule. - 7. Philip was assassinated before he could
invade Persia. - 8. Philips son Alexander took over for him
after he died.
5Outline (Continued)
- B. Alexander the Great (son of Phillip II of
Macedon) - 1. Alexander received the best training
possible - a. military training in the Macedonian army
- b. formal education from Aristotle
- 2. Alexander crushed local rebellions then
set off to conquer the world - 3. completely destroyed Persia by 331 B.C.
and in the process conquered Asia Minor, Syria,
Egypt, and Mesopotamia
6Outline (Concluded)
- 4. His goal was to conquer India, but his
troops fought for 4 yrs. and refused to go any
farther - 5. ATG split his army into two groups
- a. one sailed west exploring the Persian Gulf
- b. ATG led the other half across the desert
(many of his troops died) - 6. ATG contracted a fever and died in June of
323 B.C. before he turned 33
7Alexander the Great
- C. Beginnings of the Hellenistic World
- 1. ATG purposely spread the Greek founded
cities where Greeks/Macedonians lived with the
Persians - 2. With the Greeks, Persians, and Macedonians
working together ATG was able to rule much more
efficiently - 3. ATG married two Persian women and required
his generals to marry royal Persian women
8Alexander the Great
- 4. ATG also held a mass wedding where 10,000 of
his troops married Persian women - 5. Hellenistic culture combined ideas and values
drawn from the Greek, Hellenic, Mediterranean,
and Asia. - 6. Hellenistic period lasted from ATG death to
the Roman conquest in 146 BC
9Alexander the Great
- 7. After ATGs death his generals competed for
his empire - a. 3 generals divided the empire into 3 main
kingdoms Macedon, Egypt, and Syria - b. these kingdoms were often at war until they
were conquered by the Romans
10The Spread of Hellenistic Culture
- Learning and Commerce
- Greek culture both affected and was affected by
the cultures of those they conquered. - Alexandria, Egypt becomes the center of Greek
trade, education and culture. - Education becomes more common.
- Women have more rights.
11Spread of Hellenistic Culture
- B. Religion and Philosophy
- Loss of identity with Polis leads to personal
search for meaning and identity. - Ruler Worship and mystery religions take begin
to replace traditional Greek religion. - Philosophy begins to focus on Ethics.
12Religion and Philosophy
- B. Religion and Philosophy (cont.)
- 3. Four schools of philosophy.
- Cynicism live simply and naturally. Dont worry
about wealth, pleasure or status. - Skepticism nothing is certain. This should give
peace of mind. - Stoicism (Zeno)
- Divine Reason (God) directs the universe, so,
accept your fate. - All people have a divine spark inside them
- Influenced Roman/Christian thinking.
13Religion and Philosophy
- d. Epicureanism (Epicurus) seek pleasure and
avoid pain BUT limit desires in order to avoid
suffering.
14Science in the Hellenistic Age
- C. Mathematics and Physics
- Euclid contributed to development of geometry.
Elements is still the basis for modern geometry. - Archimedes inventor and scientist. Used math to
explain how levers worked. Invented compound
pulley and the Archimedes screw.
15Science in the Hellenistic Age
- D. Medicine
- Alexandria, Egypt center for medical science
- Egyptian practice of embalming led to exploration
of parts of human body - Herophilus brain is the center of the nervous
system. - Begin to perform delicate surgery.
16Science in the Hellenistic Age
- E. Astronomy and geography
- Aristarchus believed earth and planets revolve
around the sun (not accepted). - Hipparchus used trigonometry to predict
eclipses and the sun and moon to calculate the
length of the year. - Eratosthenes calculated the circumference of
the earth (very accurate). Chosen to head the
library of Alexandria.