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Aging and the Eye

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... pigment change Aqueous Humor- intraocular pressure Vitreous Humor- thins, opacity Cornea- arcus senilis (Ca and cholesterol), ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Aging and the Eye


1
Aging and the Eye
  • BIO 344

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Age-Dependent Changes
  • Physiological and Performance

6
Aging Eye
7
General Aging Changes
  • Mostly affect appearance
  • Seldom affect performance
  • Some need monitoring with age
  • Lens
  • Aqueous Humor
  • Retina
  • Macula

8
General Aging Changes
  • Sclera- thinner, pigment change
  • Aqueous Humor- intraocular pressure ?
  • Vitreous Humor- thins, opacity ?
  • Cornea- arcus senilis (Ca and cholesterol),
    sensitivity ?
  • Iris- muscles weaken, smaller pupil
  • Lens size and thickness ?, elasticity ?
  • Conjunctiva- dry eye ?

9
More General Aging Changes!
  • Retina- dulls, blood vessel changes
  • Optic Nerve- boundaries less defined, fewer
    capillaries
  • Macula- little or no foveal reflex, drusen and
    lipofuscin deposits, pigmentation ?
  • Lids- orbicularis oculi muscle weakens
  • Lacrimal Glands/Tears- production ?, ?
  • Orbit- fat loss, enophthalmos

10
Age Changes in Performance
  • Refraction- lens and ciliary muscles
  • Results in Presbyopia
  • Age 40
  • Acuity and Contrast
  • Decreases after age 50
  • Due to Brain
  • Glare ?
  • Due to lens and vitreous humor
  • Dark
  • Pupil and Lens

11
More Performance Changes!
  • Fun stuff- Vitreous Humor?
  • Haziness
  • Flashing Lights
  • Moving Spots
  • Color
  • Discrimination ? as cones ?
  • Dark
  • Pupil and Lens
  • Visual Field
  • Size ? 1 to 3 degrees per decade

12
Age-Related Changes
  • Diseases and Syndromes

13
Cataracts
  • Symptoms increase in lens opacity
  • Peripheral to nuclear
  • Causes/Risk Factors
  • UV light/free radicals
  • Glycation
  • Corticosteroids
  • Diabetes

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Macular Degeneration (AMD)
  • Macula
  • Bruchs membrane and epithelium
  • Two forms
  • wet- 90
  • Blood vessel rupture
  • dry-
  • Drusen deposits

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Normal ?
Dry AMD ?
? Wet AMD
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Glaucoma
  • Intraocular pressure increases with age
  • Damage to retina, optic nerve
  • Types
  • Open-angle shrinkage in width of field of view,
    80
  • Angle-closure/ Narrow-angle between lens and
    cornea, rapid ? IOP
  • Secondary due to other cause- diabetes, tumor,
    vessel disease

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Diabetic Retinopathy
  • Cause diabetes mellitus
  • Rapid increase in chance if diabetic for 15
    years
  • Retinal vessels weakened by sorbitol? aneurysms?
    leakage? retinal damage
  • Other complications, secondary glaucoma, retinal
    detachment

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Sources
  • http//www.siggraph.org/education/materials/HyperV
    is/vision/eyebrain.htm
  • http//www.uniteforsight.org/course/eyeanatomy.php
  • http//www.allaboutvision.com/resources/anatomy.ht
    m
  • http//www.merck.com/mrkshared/mm_geriatrics/sec15
    /ch126.jsp
  • http//www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?idHQ00123
  • http//www.amdhelp.com/whatis.asp
  • http//www.ahaf.org/glaucoma/about/AqueousHumor.ht
    m
  • http//www.ahaf.org/glaucoma/about/Aqueous_BuildUp
    .htm
  • http//www.eyeweb.org/atlas/bdr_com.jpg
  • http//www.eyecaresource.com
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