Gross Anatomy

1
Gross Anatomy

• Skull and brain
• 1/21/10

2
Identify the Bone
Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone
Zygomatic Bone
Maxilla
Mandible
3
Identify the Landmark
Supraorbital Notch (Foramen)
Infraorbital Foramen
Mental Foramen
4
Identify the Bone
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Zygomatic
Occipital
Maxilla
Mandible
5
PEST OF 6

• Parietal
• Ethmoid
• Sphenoid
• Temporal
• Occipital
• Frontal

6
Identify the Landmark
Temporal Process (Zygomatic Bone)
Zygomatic Process (Temporal Bone)
Condylar Process (Mandible)
External Auditory Meatus
Coronoid Process (Mandible)
External Occipital Protuberance
Ramus of the Mandible
Mental Foramen
Styloid Process
Mastoid Process
7
Identify the Bone
Frontal Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Temporal Bone
Occipital Bone
8
Identify the Landmark
Crista Galli
Optic Canal
Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid
Cribiform plate
Foramen Ovale
Greater Wing of the Sphenoid
Foramen Spinosum
Foramen Lacerum
Carotid Canal
Jugular Foramen
Foramen Magnum
Hypoglossal Canal
9
More Foramina (and what runs through them)
Optic Canal

• Optic Nerve (II)
• Ophthalmic artery

Foramen Ovale

• Mandibular Nerve (V3)
• Accessory meningeal artery

Foramen Spinosum

• Middle meningeal artery

Carotid Canal

• Internal carotid artery
• Internal carotid nerve plexus

Jugular Foramen

• Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)
• Vagus Nerve (X)
• Accessory Nerve (XI)
• Sigmoid sinus
• Posterior Meningeal Artery

Hypoglossal Canal

• Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

10
Things we didnt see yet

• Superior Orbital Fissure
• Oculumotor nerve (III), Trochlear nerve (IV),
  Ophthalmic nerve (V1), Abducens nerve (VI),
  Superior ophthalmic vein
• Foramen Rotundum
• Maxillary nerve (V2)
• Internal Auditory Meatus
• Facial nerve (VII), Vestibulocochlear nerve
  (VIII), Labyrinthine artery

SOF
FR
IAM
11
OVALE

• Otic ganglion (just inferior)
• V3 cranial nerve
• Accessory meningeal artery
• Lesser petrosal nerve
• Emissary veins

12
Identify the Structure
Corpus Callosum
Fornix
Cingulate Gyrus
Central Sulcus
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
Septum Pellucidum
Anterior Commisure
13
Identify the Structure
Corpus Callosum
Fornix
Cingulate Gyrus
Central Sulcus
Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
Pineal Body
Septum Pellucidum
Massa Intermedia
Anterior Commisure
Fourth Ventricle
Mammillary Body
Hypophysial Stalk
14
Identify the Structure
Primary Fissure
Tonsil
Nodule
15
Cranial nerves
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX)
Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)
Accessory (XI)
16
Mnemotechnics on cranial nerves

• "On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German
  Viewed Some Hops"
• From I to XII
• Olfactory
• Optic
• Occulomotor
• Trochlear
• Trigeminal
• Abducens
• Facial
• Auditory or Vestibulocochlear
• Glossopharyngeal
• Vagus
• Accessory or Spinal root of the accessory
• Hypoglossal
• Alternatively"Oh! Oh! Oh! To Touch And Feel A
  Girls Vagina, Ah! Heaven!".
• Alternatively "Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel
  Virgin Girls Vaginas And Hymens".
• Make some new (that will be more stable in your
  own mental environment)!

17
Again!
Olfactory (I)
Optic (II)
Oculomotor (III)
Trochlear (IV)
Abducens (VI)
Trigeminal (V)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X)
Hypoglossal (XII)
18
Cranial nerves sensory, motor or both

• "Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big
  Brains Matter More"
• From I to XII
• Sensory
• Sensory
• Motor
• Motor
• Both
• Motor
• Both
• Sensory
• Both
• Both
• Motor
• Motor

19
Name the Function!
Olfactory (I)- smell
Optic (II)- sight
Oculomotor (III)- eyelid eyeball movement
Trochlear (IV)- turns eye down/out (sup. obl.)
Trigeminal (V)- chewing, face touch and pain
Abducens (VI)- turns eye laterally (lat. rectus)
Facial (VII)- controls most facial expressions,
tears and saliva, taste (ant. 2/3)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)- hearing, equilibrium
Glossopharyngeal (IX)- taste (post. 1/3),
senses carotid BP Vagus (X)- senses aortic
BP, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive
organs taste
Hypoglossal (XII)- controls tongue movement
20
Cavernous sinus content

• O TOM CAT
• O TOM are lateral wall components, in order from
  superior to inferior.
• CA are the components within the sinus, from
  medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from
  O TOM.
• See diagram.
• Occulomotor nerve (III)
• Trochlear nerve (IV)
• Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
• Maxillary nerve (V2)
• Carotid artery
• Abducent nerve (VI)
• T When written, connects to the T of OTOM

21
Name the Function!
Accessory (XI)- controls trapezius and
sternocleidomastoid
22
Question

• Which structure carries fibers with motor and
  sensory information from the cortex?
• A.
• B.
• C.

B
A
C
23
Answer

• Which structure carries fibers with motor and
  sensory information from the cortex?
• A.
• B.
• C.

B
A
C
24
Question

• During a rare and complicated surgery, a doctor
  accidentally drops a jelly bean into the
  patients skull, where it becomes lodged in the
  marked structure. Which of the following symptoms
  will the patient display?
• A. Difficulty swallowing
• B. Difficulty chewing
• C. Drifting of eyes inward
• D. Partial loss of vision
• E. Diarrhea

25
Answer

• During a rare and complicated surgery, a doctor
  accidentally drops a jelly bean into the
  patients skull, where it becomes lodged in the
  marked structure. Which of the following symptoms
  will the patient display?
• A. Difficulty swallowing
• B. Difficulty chewing
• C. Drifting of eyes inward
• D. Partial loss of vision
• E. Diarrhea

26
Question

• During another procedure, the same careless
  doctor accidentally transects the nerve running
  through the marked hole. Which of the following
  symptoms will the patient display?
• A. Partial loss of taste
• sensation
• B. Tongue deviates left
• C. Tongue deviates right
• D. Left shoulder drop
• E. Right shoulder drop
• F. Diarrhea

27
Answer

• During another procedure, the same careless
  doctor accidentally transects the nerve running
  through the marked hole. Which of the following
  symptoms will the patient display?
• A. Partial loss of taste
• sensation
• B. Tongue deviates left
• C. Tongue deviates right
• D. Left shoulder drop
• E. Right shoulder drop
• F. Diarrhea

28
Question

• During a routine chin lift, Dr. 90210
  accidentally transects the marked nerve. What
  symptom will his droopy-chinned patient have?
• A. Difficulty chewing
• B. Difficulty swallowing
• C. Tongue deviation
• D. Shoulder weakness
• E. Diarrhea

29
Answer

• During a routine chin lift, Dr. 90210
  accidentally transects the marked nerve. What
  symptom will his droopy-chinned patient have?
• A. Difficulty chewing
• B. Difficulty swallowing
• C. Tongue deviation
• D. Shoulder weakness
• E. Diarrhea

30
Question

• Dr. Garner needs a picture in order to illustrate
  a nerve lesion during her lecture. She finds a
  student asleep and severs the indicated nerve.
  What sign did she need to take a picture of?
• A. Right-sided medial eye deviation
• B. Left-sided medial eye deviation
• C. Right-sided drooping
• eyelid
• D. Left-sided drooping
• eyelid
• E. Lower face paralysis

31
Answer

• Dr. Garner needs a picture in order to illustrate
  a nerve lesion during her lecture. She finds a
  student asleep and severs the indicated nerve.
  What sign did she need to take a picture of?
• A. Right-sided medial eye deviation
• B. Left-sided medial eye deviation
• C. Right-sided drooping
• eyelid
• D. Left-sided drooping
• eyelid
• E. Lower face paralysis

32
Question

• What is the gross brain structure indicated by
  the arrow?
• A. Caudate nucleus
• B. Globus Pallidus
• C. Hippocampus
• D. Putamen
• E. Thalamus

33
Answer

• What is the gross brain structure indicated by
  the arrow?
• A. Caudate nucleus
• B. Globus Pallidus
• C. Hippocampus
• D. Putamen
• E. Thalamus

34
Question

• From whence do most of the neurons in the marked
  structure come?
• A. Left red nucleus
• B. Right red nucleus
• C. Left pontine nuclei
• D. Right pontine nuclei
• E. Left lower limb
• F. Right lower limb
• G. Left fastigial nucleus
• H. Right fastigial nucleus

35
Answer

• From whence do most of the neurons in the marked
  structure come?
• A. Left red nucleus
• B. Right red nucleus
• C. Left pontine nuclei
• D. Right pontine nuclei
• E. Left lower limb
• F. Right lower limb
• G. Left fastigial nucleus
• H. Right fastigial nucleus

36
Question

• Which lobe of the cerebrum sits in the region of
  the skull shown?
• A. Frontal
• B. Parietal
• C. Temporal
• D. Occipital

37
Answer

• Which lobe of the cerebrum sits in the region of
  the skull shown?
• A. Frontal
• B. Parietal
• C. Temporal
• D. Occipital