Red Clover

1
Red Clover

• Signs of poisoning
• Excessive salivation
• Bloating
• Diarrhea
• Blindness
• Abortion
• Laminitis

• Description purplish red clover head, hairy
  stem, 3 leaved segments, pale ring on leaves
• Poisonous parts all
• Found all over US, in fields

2
Jimsonweed

• Description can grow up to 5 tall, large
  toothed leaves, white to light violet trumpet
  shaped flowers, 2 spiny seed pods
• Poisonous Parts flowers, leaves, seeds
• Found All over US, common in fields
• Horses will only eat if other food is not
  available

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html

• Scientific Name Datura spp.
• Other Names Devils Trumpet, Angels Trumpet

3
Jimsonweed
http//www.fcps.edu/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpa
ges/jimsonweed.htm

• Many black seeds inside spiny seed pod

• Flowers smell sweet, but otherwise plant has bad
  odor

4
Jimsonweed

• Signs of Poisoning
• Excitement, then sudden depression
• Colic
• Diarrhea
• Low temp
• Extreme thirst
• Dilated pupils
• Convulsions
• Coma
• Paralysis
• Respiratory paralysis results in death

http//www.fcps.edu/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpa
ges/jimsonweed.htm
http//plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbolDASTph
otoIDdast_003_ahp.jpg
5
Poison Hemlock

• Description grows up to 10 tall, green stem
  with purple spots, lacy triangiular leaves, musky
  odor, small white flowers clustered with a flat
  top
• Poisonous Parts all
• Found all over US, field edges and roadsides
• Horses can find texture palatable

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html

• Scientific Name Conium maculatum

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/conium.html
6
Poison Hemlock
http//plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbolCOMA2p
hotoIDcoma2_2v.jpg

• Signs of Poisoning
• Bloating
• Cold extremities
• Dilated pupils
• Weak heart beat
• Trembling
• Paralysis
• Coma
• Respiratory paralysis results in death

http//www.vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/plant28
.htm
7
Yellow Star Thistle

• Poisoning usually occurs in fall when horses may
  acquire a taste for the plant and seek it out

• Scientific Name Centaurea solstitialis
• Description grows up to 2 tall, bright yellow
  flowers with a spiny base, leaves covered in
  cottony hair
• Poisonous parts all
• Found NOT in MI, found in southern western US,
  in fields, pastures, roadsides

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
8
Yellow Star Thistle

• Signs of Poisoning
• Chewing Disease
• Involuntary chewing
• Lip twitching
• Swelling around the mouth
• Facial muscle paralysis
• Unable to chew or close mouth
• Death eventually occurs from starvation and
  dehydration

http//plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbolCESO3
http//kaweahoaks.com/html/yellow_starthistle.html
9
Foxglove

• Scientific Name
• Digitalis purpurea
• Description purple, pink, red or white tubular
  flowers with dark spots, flowers open downward,
  leaves are alternate, hairy and slightly toothed
• Poisonous Parts flowers, leaves, seeds
• Found all over US, often in flower gardens

10
Foxglove

• Signs of poisoning
• Colic
• Bloody feces
• Poor appetite
• Pain
• Frequent urination
• Irregular heartbeat
• Possible convulsions prior to death

http//www.freefoto.com/preview.jsp?id12-57-51k
Foxglove-Digitalis
One bite is fatal
11
Poinsettia

• Scientific Name Euphorbia pulcherrima

• Description upper leaves turn red, pink or white
  in late fall,
• Poisonous parts leaves, stems and sap
• Found all over US as a holiday ornamental plant,
  native to Mexico

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
12
Poinsetta

• Poinsettas have low toxicity

http//www.schaefergreenhouses.com/poinsettia.html

• Signs of poisoning
• Skin
• Redness and swelling 
• Blistering
• Gastrointestinal
• Stomach pain
• Diarrhea

http//www.schaefergreenhouses.com/poinsettia.html
13
Oak Tree

• Poisonous Parts acorns, young leaves
• Found all over US
• Signs of poisoning
• Bloody diarrhea
• Abdominal pain
• Kidney liver damage
• Frequent urination
• Thirst
• Anorexia

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html

• Signs of toxicity occur when large amount are
  ingested
• Symptoms may last 3-10 days
• Death occurs with 85 of horses showing signs

14
Oleander

• Description
• Woody evergreen bush, grows up to 30 tall
• Leaves
• leathery pointed leaves
• grow opposite each other in groups of 3
• arranged in whorls
• Flowers
• grow in clusters at the ends of branches
• white, pink, purplish, red

15
Oleander
http//vet.purdue.edu/depts/addl/toxic/color52.htm

• Takes only 1 ounce of leaves to kill a horse

16
Oleander

• Scientific Name Nerium oleander
• Poisonous Parts all (do NOT burnsmoke is also
  toxic)
• Found NOT in MI, found in southern US on the
  west coast

• Signs of Poisoning
• Diarrhea
• Trembling
• Cold extremities
• Paralysis
• Coma
• Cardiac arrest followed by death

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleander
17
Rhododendron

• Description
• Great Laurel is an evergreen tree that grows up
  to 35 tall, it has 4-10 oblong alternating
  leaves, mixed pink and white or various single
  colored flowers are arranged in clusters
• White-flowered rhododendron is a 3-6 shrub with
  smaller leaves and flowers than the Great Laurel

• Other Names Great Laurel,
  White-flowered Rhododendron
• Poisonous parts all

http//www.monmouth.com/asalerno/tony/house/rhoda
dendrons.html
18
Rhododendron

• Found in wet wooded areas in eastern US, only
  white-flowered rhododendron is seen in
  mountainous areas of US

http//www.pbase.com/copperhill/image/60478206
19
Rhododendron

• Signs of poisoning
• Kidney or liver damage
• Repeated swallowing
• Salivation
• Depression
• Bloating
• Colic signs
• Weakness
• Coma
• Death

http//www.pbase.com/copperhill/gardens
20
Rhubarb

• Signs of Poisoning
• Weakness,
• Difficulty breathing
• Abdominal pain
• Diarrhea
• Convulsions
• Coma
• Death from cardiovascular collapse

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
Poisonous Parts leaves
21
Horsetail

• Description grows up to 3 tall, segmented
  hollow stem has many whorls of thin grass-like
  leaves,
• Poisonous parts
• Found worldwide
• Toxicity higher in green plants

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http//www.traderscreek.com/Survival_Guide/Edible_
Plants/horsetail.asp

• Scientific Name Equisetum arvense

22
Horsetail
Horses must consume plant over a 2 week
periodsometimes plant is in hay

• Signs of Poisoning
• Trembling
• Muscular rigidity
• Diarrhea
• Rapid pulse
• Cold extremities
• Coma and death if feed source is not removed

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
23
Bracken Fern

• Description dark stem, segments of leaves in
  triangular shape, leaves are firm leathery
• Poisonous Parts all
• Found worldwide in most forested areas
• Horses rarely eat this plant unless no other food
  is available

• Scientific Name Pteridium aquilinium

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
24
Bracken Fern

• Signs of poisoning
• Loss of coordination
• Depression
• Blindness
• Stand in braced position with legs apart
• Death may occur if horse not removed from source
  of plant

http//www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecolo
gy/mpages/bracken_fern.htm

• Horses must eat plant for a month to see toxicity
  signs

25
Pokeweed

• Description grows up to 6-9 tall, red purplish
  woody stalk, 5-10 alternating leaves, shiny
  purple to black berries mature July-Sept
• Poisonous Parts all
• Found in eastern 2/3 of US

• Scientific Name Phytolacca americana

26
Pokeweed

• Signs of Poisoning
• Salivation
• Colic
• Muscular weakness
• Diarrhea (often bloody)
• Respiratory failure, anemia gastritis are
  severe symptoms
• Moderate quantities of the plant must be consumed
  to show signs

http//waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph24.htm
27
Black Nightshade

• Scientific Name Solanum spp.
• Description maximum of 3 tall, pointed oval
  leaves that are purplish on underside, white to
  light purple star shaped flowers, bloom year
  round, small shiny black berries
• Poisonous Parts leaves, immature fruit
• Found all over US, common along fence rows

28
Black Nightshade

• Signs of poisoning
• Signs of neurological gastrointestinal
  disorders
• Tiredness
• Muscle twitching
• Bloating
• Congestion in the lungs,
  heart spleen

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
29
Choke Cherry

• Scientific Name Prunus spp.
• Other Names Wild Cherries, Black Cherry, Bitter
  Cherry, Choke Cherry, Pin Cherry

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html

• Description tree grows up to 30 tall, bark is
  reddish brown, simple alternating oblong leaves,
  bloom white or pink cones of flowers April to
  July, red to black cherries ripen July to Sept.

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
30
Choke Cherry

• Poisonous Parts seeds leaves
• Found all over US

http//web.mit.edu/cfox/www/flowers/2003-05-31/214
1_Med.jpg.2.html
31
Choke Cherry

• Signs of poisoning
• Bright red mucus membranes
• Slobbering
• Increased respiration
• Weak pulse
• Convulsions
• Rapid Death

http//www.borealforest.org/shrubs/shrub31.htm
32
Red Maple

• Poisonous parts wilted or dried leaves, bark
• Found eastern half of US

• Signs of poisoning
• Severe anemia
• Weakness
• Depression
• Pale mucus membranes
• Dark brown urine
• Abortion
• Death due to RBC unable to transport oxygen to
  tissues

http//www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecolo
gy/mpages/red_maple.htm
33
Milk Weed

• Poisonous Parts all
• Found all over US, in fields

• Description grows to 3 tall, thick green stem
  and leaves, oblong leaves, teardrop shaped seed
  pods filled with silky white hairs, small light
  pink flowers in clusters

34
Milkweed

• Labored Breathing may
• occur before death

• Signs of poisoning
• Bloating
• Staggering
• Rapid pulse
• Gastroenteritis
• Depression
• Weakness
• High Temp
• Seizures

35
Ornamental Yew

• Description evergreen shrub, short spiny
  needles, reddish brown bark, bright red berries
  in fall
• Poisonous Parts leaves, seeds, twigs
• Found all over US, often used as ornamental shrub

• Scientific Name Taxus cuspidata
• Other Names Ground Hemlock

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
36
Ornamental Yew

• Signs of poisoning
• Nervousness
• Confusion
• Diarrhea
• Heart will slow and circulation fails
• Death is the usual outcome

http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxus_baccata

• One bite is deadly
• Horse might collapse right next to plant after
  eating it

http//ontariotrees.com/main/species.php?id2093
37
Black Walnut Tree

• Horses are affected when shavings from the tree
  are used as bedding
• Allergic reaction to standing or laying in
  bedding
• Swelling of the legs
• Laminitis

• Description compound leaves arranged opposite of
  each other, tennis ball size green fruits, dark
  grayish black bark
• Poisonous parts bark
• Found eastern Midwestern US

38
Black Walnut Tree
39
Ragworts OR Groundsel

• Poisonous Parts leaves
• Found NOT in MI, found in dry areas of US

http//www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/horselist.html
40
Vetch

• Common Name Common Vetch, Hairy Vetch, Narrow
  leaved Vetch, Purple Vetch and Broad Beans
• Poisonous Parts seeds