www.general.nsysu.edu.tw/gehs/gehs51/

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• www.general.nsysu.edu.tw/gehs/gehs51/

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• ????????????????organization chart
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• 5.????(coordination)
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• ???????Functional Structure
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• ?????Horizontal
• ?????Hybrid 2

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A Sample Organization Chart
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The Relationship of Organization Design to
Efficiency vs. Learning Outcomes
Horizontal Organization Designed for Learning

• Horizontal structure is dominant
• Shared tasks, empowerment
• Relaxed hierarchy, few rules
• Horizontal, face-to-face communication
• Many teams and task forces
• Decentralized decision making

Dominant Structural Approach

• Vertical structure is dominant
• Specialized tasks
• Strict hierarchy, many rules
• Vertical communication and reporting systems
• Few teams, task forces or integrators
• Centralized decision making

Vertical Organization Designed for Efficiency
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Ladder of Mechanisms for Horizontal Linkage and
Coordination
Teams
H IGH
Full-time Integrators
Task Forces
Amount of Horizontal Coordination Required
Direct Contact
LOW
Information Systems
HIGH
LOW
Cost of Coordination in Time and Human Resources
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Project Manager Locationin the Structure
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Teams Used for Horizontal Coordination at Wizard
Software Company
President
Programming Vice Pres
Research Vice Pres
Marketing Vice Pres.
Videogames Basic Research Supervisor
Videogames Chief Engineer
Videogames Sales Manager
Applications and Testing Supervisor
Videogames Product Team
Memory Products Chief Programmer
Memory Products Research Supervisor
Memory Products Sales Manager
Memory Products Team
Memory Products International Manager
Customer Service Manager
Procurement Supervisor
Advertising Manager
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Structural Design Options for Grouping Employees
into Departments
Functional Grouping
CEO
Engineering
Marketing
Manufacturing
Divisional Grouping
Source Adapted from David Nadler and Michael
Tushman, Strategic Organization Design (Glenview,
Ill. Scott Foresman, 1988), 68.
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Reorganization from Functional Structure to
Divisional Structure at Info-Tech
Functional Structure
Divisional Structure
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Structural Design Options for Grouping Employees
(Continued)
Source Adapted from David Nadler and Michael
Tushman, Strategic Organization Design
(Glenview, Ill. Scott Foresman, 1988), 68.
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Structural Design Options for Grouping Employees
(Continued)
Horizontal Grouping
CEO
Finance
Human Resources
Core Process 1
Core Process 2
Source Adapted from David Nadler and Michael
Tushman, Strategic Organization Design (Glenview,
Ill. Scott Foresman, 1988), 68.
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Geographical Structurefor Apple Computer
CEO Steve Jobs
Source www.apple.com
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Dual-Authority Structure in a Matrix Organization
President
Director
Design
Mfg
Marketing
Procure- ment
of Product
Vice President
Vice President
Vice President
Controller
Operations
Manager
Product
Manager A
Product
Manager B
Product
Manager C
Product
Manager D
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Matrix Structure forWorldwide Steel Company
Vertical Functions
Horizontal Product Lines
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A Horizontal Structure
Sources Based on Frank Ostroff, The Horizontal
Organization, (New York Oxford University Press,
1999) John A. Byrne, The Horizontal
Corporation, Business Week, December 20, 1993,
76-81 and Thomas A. Stewart, The Search for the
Organization of Tomorrow, Fortune, May 19, 1992,
92-98.
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Hybrid StructurePart 1. Sun Petrochemical
Products
President
Technology Vice President
Financial Services Vice Pres.
Human Resources Director
Chief Counsel
Chemicals Vice President
Lubricants Vice President
Fuels Vice President
Sources Based on Linda S. Ackerman, Transition
Management An In-Depth Look at Managing
Complex Change, Organizational Dynamics (Summer
1982) 46-66 and Frank Ostroff, The Horizontal
Organization, (New York Oxford University
Press, 1999), Fig. 2.1, 34.
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Hybrid StructurePart 2. Ford Customer Service
Division
Vice President and General Manager
Functional Structure
Human Resources
Strategy and Communication
Finance
Director and Process Owner
Teams
Teams
Parts Supply / Logistics Group
Director and Process Owner
Horizontal Structure
Teams
Teams
Vehicle Service Group
Director and Process Owner
Teams
Technical Support Group
Sources Based on Linda S. Ackerman, Transition
Management An In-Depth Look at Managing Complex
Change, Organizational Dynamics (Summer 1982)
46-66 and Frank Ostroff, The Horizontal
Organization, (New York Oxford University
Press, 1999), Fig. 2.1, 34.
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Organization Contextual Variables that Influence
Structure
Sources Adapted from Jay R. Galbraith, Competing
with Flexible Lateral Organizations, 2nd ed.
(Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1994), Ch.1
Jay R. Galbraith, Organization Design (Reading,
Mass. Addison-Wesley, 1977), Ch. 1.
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The Relationship of Structure to Organizations
Need for Efficiency vs. Learning
Horizontal Structure
Matrix Structure
Divisional Structure
Functional with cross-functional teams,
integrators
Functional Structure
Modular Structure

• Horizontal
• Coordination
• Learning
• Innovation
• Flexibility

Dominant Structural Approach

• Vertical
• Control
• Efficiency
• Stability
• Reliability

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