Autophagy Central Vacuole Mitochondria Chloroplast (a

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Chapter 6A Tour of the Cell
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Important Point
If you are having trouble understanding lecture
material Try reading your text before
attending lectures. And take the time to read it
well!
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Most Cells are Small
Frog eggs 100-times chicken egg 1000-times
larger than most plant and animal cells
Note relative size of nucleated cells
Note relative size of bacteria (1/10 size of
animal/plant cells)
Note relative size of viruses (1/1000 size of
animal/plant cells)
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Surface-to-Volume Ratio
Rate of stuff movement across membranes can be
limited by amounts of membrane solved by smaller
cells or with more membrane
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A Prokaryotic Cell
No nucleus
Typically no membrane-bound organelles
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Plasma Membrane
Defines the limits of individual cells
Surrounds cytoplasm, a.k.a., cytoplasmic membrane
More in Ch. 7
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An Animal Cell (typical)
See (and memorize) p. 100 for descriptions
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A Plant Cell (typical)
You should know what all of these things are as
presented in these figures in your book
See (and memorize) p. 101 for descriptions
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Prepping Cell Components for Analysis
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Separation by Centrifugation
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Cell Nucleus
DNA
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Ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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ER Functions

• Rough encoplasmic reticulum
• Ribosomes attached (also to nuclear outer
  membrane)
• Protein synthesis within endomembrane system
• Protein synthesis for secretion
• Attachment of carbohydrate especially for
  secreted proteins
• Integral membrane protein synthesis
• Membrane assembly
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• Steroid synthesis
• Glycogen metabolism
• Detoxification (poisons/drugs)

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Golgi Apparatus
Transport vesicles are membrane-enclosed,
more-or-less spherical objects whose interior
(lumen) is equivalent to the interior (lumen) of
the ER
Protein modification, including carbohydrate
modification occurs in the golgi proteins are
sorted for shipping to specific locations in the
cell
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Lysosome Phagocytosis
These are all part of endomembrane system
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Lysosome Autophagy
These are all part of endomembrane system
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Central Vacuole
This is part of endomembrane system
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Mitochondria
Traditionally not considered to be part of
endomembrane system
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Chloroplast (a plastid)
Thylakoids are membrane-bound organelles found
inside of a membrane-bound organelle (the
chloroplast)
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Cytoskeleton Microtubules
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Organelle Movement
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Centrioles / Centrisomes
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Flagella / Cilia
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Microtubules within
Flagellum or cilium
9 2 arrangement (note 9 refers to triplets)
Plasma membrane
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Dynein Walking
How flagella cilia work
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Cytoskeleton Microfilaments
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Actin in Microvilli
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Actin in Muscle Contraction
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Actin in Amoeboid Movement
fluid
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Actin in Cytoplasmic Streaming
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Cytoskeleton Intermediate Filaments
These are cell ropes (actin, too)
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Extracellular Matrix (EC)
Holding cell in place
Resisting compression
Allows cell to sense ECM
Holding plamsa membrane in place
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Holding Microvili in Place
Holds cells together
Connects cytoplasms
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First Exam

• The first exam is scheduled Monday ( 24. 10.2011)
• This exam will cover chapters 3 through 6
• Expect 40 questions
• Study over the weekend (perhaps already having
  started?)
• Part of the lecture before the exam will be a
  recitationbring questions!!!!
• The exam will start at 6 PM
• The exam will end at 7 PM