Evidence for a Recent Creation

1
Evidence for a Recent Creation

• David A. Plaisted

2
Evidences for a Worldwide Flood

• Sedimentary deposits unlike any produced today
• Uniform sedimentary layers extending hundreds of
  miles in all directions
• Some thick and extensive sedimentary layers have
  remarkable purity
• Limestone layers, hundreds of feet thick, are
  sometimes found
• Lack of erosion between the layers Did millions
  of years fly by with no discernible effect?
• One would think in even a thousand years there
  would be roots or worm burrows or stream erosion
  or clam tracks. Instead, most of the interfaces
  are sharply defined.

3

• 257 Flood legends
• Evidences of catastrophe in the geological
  column Contemporary geologists and
  paleontologists now generally accept catastrophe
  as a 'way of life' although they may avoid the
  word catastrophe
• There are numerous examples of sediments composed
  of many thin laminae that were laid down rapidly
  in short periods of time, even in minutes
• Some geologists estimate that over 40 percent of
  the sediments laid down in the past came from
  turbidity currents, which are associated with
  rapid deposition of sediment

4

• FOSSILS! Dead animals and plants quickly decay,
  are eaten, or are destroyed by the elements
• Fossil caves, fissures, mass burial sites, and
  sedimentary strata discovered in Europe and
  America are jammed with masses of mixed bones of
  many sorts of animals from widely separated and
  differing climatic zones
• Fossils often display evidence of terror and
  struggle
• British paleontologist Derek V. Ager believes
  that most fossils were produced in short periods
  of catastrophic activity separated by long
  periods of relative quiet

5
Problems

• Animal tracks
• Nests of dinosaur eggs
• There is some evidence they were produced under
  water
• Or they may have been produced after the flood
  when the crust of the earth was very soft and the
  rate of erosion was very high

6
Rapid burial?
7
Is the present really key to the past?
The Grand Canyon
Mount St Helens
8
Evolution Predictions

• Gradual change

Evolutionary tree
One hundred and twenty years of paleontological
research later, it has become abundantly clear
that the fossil record will not confirm this part
of Darwins predictions. Nor is the problem a
miserably poor record. The fossil record simply
shows that this prediction is wrong. Eldredge
Tattersall, The Myths of Human Evolution,
1982, p45-46
9
Evolution Predictions

• Gradual change

• Simple to complex

Evolutionary tree
The old Darwinian view of evolution as a ladder
of more and more efficient forms leading up to
the present is not borne out by the evidence. -
N.D. Newell, Why Scientists believe in Evolution,
1984, p 10, American Geological Institute pamphlet
10
Evolution Predictions

• Gradual change

• Simple to complex

• Clear-cut lineages

Evolutionary tree
The known fossil record fails to document a
single example of phyletic evolution
accomplishing a major morphologic transition and
hence offers no evidence that a gradualistic
model can be valid. - Steven M. Stanley,
Macroevolution Pattern and Process. 1979
11
Evolution Predictions

• Gradual change

• Simple to complex

• Clear-cut lineages

• Identifiable common ancestors

Evolutionary tree
The gaps in the record are real, however. The
absence of a record of any important branching is
quite phenomenal R. Wesson, Beyond Natural
Selection, 1991, p 45
12
Creation Predictions

• Sudden appearance

Creationist Orchard
One of the most difficult problems in
evolutionary paleontology has been the almost
abrupt appearance of the major animal groups -
A. G. Fisher, Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia,
1998, fossil section
13
Creation Predictions

• Sudden appearance

• Fully developed

Creationist Orchard
the Cambrian strata of rocks, vintage about 600
million years, are the oldest in which we find
most of the major invertebrate groups. And we
find many of them already in an advanced state of
evolution, the very first time they appear. It is
as though they were just planted there, without
any evolutionary history. Needless to say, this
appearance of sudden planting has delighted
creationists Richard Dawkins, The Blind
Watchmaker, 1987, p 229
14
Creation Predictions

• Sudden appearance

• Fully developed

Creationist Orchard

• Stasis (little change over time)

The observation that species are amazingly
conservative and static entities throughout long
periods of time has all the qualities of the
emperors new clothes everyone knew it but
preferred to ignore it. Paleontologists, faced
with a recalcitrant record obstinately refusing
to yield Darwins predicted pattern, simply
looked the other way - Eldredge and Tattersall,
The Myths of Human Evolution, 1982, p 45-46
15
Vertebrates in the Cambrian!
The emergence of such a sophisticated creature
at so early a date show that modern life forms
burst on the scene suddenlyNeo-Darwinism cannot
account for the sudden emergence of so many new
genetic forms - Prof. Jun-Yuan Chen, quoted in
A Little Fish Challenges A Giant Of Science -
The Boston Globe, May 30, 2000
16
Punctuated Equilibrium

• Many biologists believe that evolution happened
  in spurts, too fast to be seen in the fossil
  record
• Why would one think so unless one believed in
  evolution in the first place?

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Complex Invertebrates

• Complex invertebrates make up the vast majority
  of the fossil record, roughly 95. We have
  cataloged literally millions of different species
  of these very complex creatures, and we have
  entire fossils, not just pieces here and there.
  In this rich and virtually complete portion of
  the fossil record, there is not a single sign of
  evolution, whatsoever!!!2

19
Plants, Algae, and Insects

• The remaining 5 consists mostly of plants
  algae, where again we find no fossil evidence of
  evolution, whatsoever.3 In the small portion that
  includes insects, again we find no fossil
  evidence of evolution, whatsoever.4.
• The transformation from invertebrate to
  vertebrate would have been a major event in the
  earths evolutionary history. Yet the fossil
  record does not leave a single shred of evidence
  for this enormous transformation!5.

20
Fish and Land Vertebrates

• So all that is left is a sliver of a corner of
  the fossil record, the vertebrates. The bulk of
  this sliver is made up of fish, where we again
  find no sign of evolution whatsoever.5 A small
  remainder of this miniscule sliver is left for
  the land-dwelling vertebrates. Of the
  land-dwelling vertebrate species unearthed, 95
  are represented by a bone or less1. Yet this is
  where the evolutionist concentrates all his
  efforts to "show" to his audience that "the
  fossil record supports evolution"!

21

• In the widely used college undergraduate textbook
  Evolutionary Biology (3rd Ed. 1998), author
  Douglas Futuyma does not list one single
  transitional leading up to the complex
  invertebrates (see chapter 6 in particular,
  Evolving Lineages in the Fossil Record). All
  his transitional examples spanning orders or
  classes are vertebrates! His only mention of the
  "evolution" of the complex invertebrates is a
  brief snippet on the changes in rib numbers on
  trilobites! This of course is nothing more than
  small-scale variation, or micro-evolution. Also
  see Invertebrate Beginnings, Paleobiology, 6
  365-70, R.D. Barnes, 1980.

22

•  Botanists at the University of Nebraska recently
  wrote The mystery of the origin of flowering
  plants was and still is complicated by the lack
  of any obvious candidates for next-of-kin for the
  group. See The Abominable Mystery Of The First
  Flowers Clues from Nebraska and Kansas, by M. R.
  Bolick and R. K. Pabian.

23

• The words of widely recognized evolutionist
  botanist E.J.H. Corner of Cambridge University
  still ring true 40 years after he wrote them
  But I still think that, to the unprejudiced, the
  fossil record of plants is in favor of special
  creation ... Can you imaging how an orchid, a
  duck weed, and a palm have come from the same
  ancestry, and have we any evidence for this
  assumption? The evolutionist must be prepared
  with an answer, but I think that most would break
  down before an inquisition - Contemporary
  Botanical Thought., MacLeod, A.M. and Cobley,
  L.S. (eds) 1961. Chicago Quadrangle Books, p 97.

24

•   The 2001 Encyclopædia Britannica Online states
  No fossils have yet been found from the Late
  Devonian or Early Carboniferous periods, when the
  key characters of present-day insects are
  believed to have evolved thus, early evolution
  must be inferred from the morphology of extant
  insects.- Insect Insect Fossil Record,
  Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2001. 
  lthttp//members.eb.com/bol/topic?eu108350sctn35
  gt  

25

• The lack of fossils intermediate between
  invertebrate and vertebrate is well documented in
  the scientific literature. Carl Zimmer in Science
  magazine recently wrote But the record provides
  few clues to help resolve this contradiction,
  because there are no animal fossils that old and
  no examples of an intermediate species.(In
  Search Of Vertebrate Origins Beyond Brain And
  Bone, Science, March 3, 2000  emphasis
  added). 
• The extensive marine beds of the Silurian and
  those of the Ordovician are essentially void of
  vertebrate history- Fish", Encyclopædia
  Britannica Online 2001emphasis added 

26
Dinosaurs

• Evolutionists cannot offer a single example of
  an ancestor of the dinosaurs. See figure
  Dinosaur Family Tree, from Encyclopædia
  Britannica Online.
• Source for some slides
• http//www.evolutionfairytale.com/articles_debates
  /fossil_illusion.htm

27
A whale of a tale
Among the important recent discoveries is
Pakicetus, known from a skull found in a
riverine Douglas Futuyma, Evolutionary Biology,
1998, p 196
Pakicetus
28
Piltdown Man
Brown actual bones White portion artist has
filled in with clay

• Discovered in 1910
• Exposed as fraud in 1953

29
Macro vrs MicroEvolution
The Evolution Definition Shell Game
Unlimited Variation
Limited Variation
30
The Evolution of Resistant Bacteria
There are three primary ways drug resistance
occurs

• 1. Some resistant strains already existed
• 2. Mutation caused strain to become resistant
  (loss of information)
• 3. Some germs directly transfer their resistance
  to others

31

• Earth
• Precise distance from Sun
• Precise mass to retain atmosphere and ocean
• Ideal axis tilt, orbit, spin rate, and radius
• Ideal mass and color of Sun
• Moon is precise distance and size to stabilize
  tilt and produce tides
• Jupiters distance and mass maintain earths
  orbit and sweep up comets and asteroids
• Ideal Carbon dioxide and oxygen/nitrogen ratios
• The charge and masses of fundamental particles
  have remarkably tight tolerances any small
  change renders life impossible.
• MANY MORE FINE-TUNED PARAMETERS!

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DNA Language of Life
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Virtually every ancient culture has dragon legends
From World Book Encyclopedia
The dragons of legend are strangely like actual
creatures that have lived in the past. They are
much like the great reptiles dinosaurs which
inhabited the earth long before man was supposed
to have appeared on earth. Dragons were generally
evil and destructive. Every country had them in
its mythology.1
1 1973 World Book Encyclopedia, p 265
37
Ceremonial Burial Stones from Peruvian
Tombs(c.a. 500-1500 AD)
What kind of Dino does this look like?
38
Dinosaur Figurines from Mexico(from the
Pre-classical Chupicuaro Culture 800 BC 200 AD)
What kind of Dino does this look like?
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2 Peter 33-6 knowing this first that scoffers
will come in the last days, walking according to
their own lusts, and saying, "Where is the
promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell
asleep, all things continue as they were from the
beginning of creation." For this they willfully
forget that by the word of God the heavens were
of old, and the earth standing out of water and
in the water, by which the world that then
existed perished, being flooded with water.
48
Psalms 1188 It is better to trust in the LORD
Than to put confidence in man.
49
Evidence for accelerated decay

• Helium retention in zircons
• Recent Carbon 14 dates
• Radiation and accelerated decay
• Evidence of accelerated mutation rate
• Evidence of a nearby supernova
• Lack of objects in the Kuiper belt
• Correlation between surface heat flow and the
  radioactivity of surface rocks

50

• Many lines of evidence are beginning to fit
  together into a consistent picture.
• How much evidence is necessary before a paradigm
  shift occurs?

51

• Creationists now feel that billions of years
  worth of radioactive decay has occurred on earth,
  giving old isotopic dates, but this decay took
  place in only a few thousand years.

52

• These results suggest that the earth was created
  a six or seven thousand years ago and life was
  created soon thereafter
• These results do not constrain the age of the
  universe
• Many creationists believe the universe is also
  young
• Some young earth creationists believe the
  universe is old

53
Alpha Decay
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ZIRCONS
56

• HELIUM DIFFUSION RATES SUPPORT ACCELERATED
  NUCLEAR DECAY
• D. RUSSELL HUMPHREYS, STEVEN A. AUSTIN, JOHN R.
  BAUMGARDNER, ANDREW A. SNELLING
• International Conference on Creationism
• Geneva College, Beaver Falls, PAAugust 4-9,
  2003

57

• Two decades ago, Robert Gentry and his colleagues
  at Oak Ridge National Laboratory reported
  surprisingly high amounts of nuclear-decay-generat
  ed helium in tiny radioactive zircons from
  Precambrian rock. Up to 58 of the helium (that
  radioactivity would have generated during the
  alleged 1.5 billion year age of the granodiorite)
  was still in the zircons. Yet the zircons were so
  small that they should not have retained the
  helium for even a tiny fraction of that time.

58

• The high helium retention levels suggested to us
  and many other creationists that the helium
  simply had not had enough time to diffuse out of
  the zircons, and that recent accelerated nuclear
  decay had produced over a billion years worth of
  helium within only the last few thousand years,
  during Creation and/or the Flood. Such
  acceleration would reduce the radioisotopic time
  scale from megayears down to months.

59

• However, until a few years ago nobody had done
  the experimental and theoretical studies
  necessary to confirm this conclusion
  quantitatively. In 2000 the RATE project 14
  began experiments to measure the diffusion rates
  of helium in zircon and biotite. We show that
  these data limit the age of these rocks to
  between 4,000 and 14,000 years. These results
  support our hypothesis of accelerated nuclear
  decay and represent strong scientific evidence
  for the young world of Scripture.

60
Carbon 14 is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic
rays and then slowly decays. The older an
organic sample is, the less carbon 14 it will
contain because it will not be absorbing new
carbon 14 after it dies.
61

• MEASURABLE 14C IN FOSSILIZED ORGANIC MATERIALS
  CONFIRMING THE YOUNG EARTH CREATION-FLOOD MODEL
• JOHN R. BAUMGARDNER,D. RUSSELL HUMPHREYS, ANDREW
  A. SNELLING, STEVEN A. AUSTIN
• International Conference on Creationism
• Geneva College, Beaver Falls, PAAugust 4-9,
  2003

62

• ABSTRACT
• Given the short 14C half-life of 5730 years,
  organic materials purportedly older than 250,000
  years should contain absolutely no detectable
  14C. An astonishing discovery made over the past
  twenty years is that, almost without exception,
  when tested by highly sensitive accelerator mass
  spectrometer (AMS) methods, organic samples from
  every portion of the fossil record show
  detectable amounts of 14C!

63

• 14C/C ratios from all but the youngest samples
  appear to be clustered in the range 0.1-0.5 pmc
  (percent modern carbon), regardless of geological
  age. A straightforward conclusion that can be
  drawn from these observations is that all but the
  very youngest fossilized organic material was
  buried contemporaneously much less than 250,000
  years ago. This is consistent with the Biblical
  account of a global Flood that destroyed most of
  the air-breathing life on the planet in a single
  brief cataclysm only a few thousand years ago.

64

• Giem 18 reviewed the literature and tabulated
  about seventy reported AMS measurements of 14C in
  organic materials from the geologic record that,
  according to the conventional geologic
  time-scale, should be 14C dead. The surprising
  result is that organic samples from every portion
  of the
• fossil record show detectable amounts of 14C. For
  the measurements considered most reliable, the
  14C/C ratios appear to fall in the range 0.1-0.5
  percent of the modern 14C/C ratio (percent modern
  carbon, or pmc).
• 0.1 percent modern carbon corresponds to a
  computed age of 57,000 years!

65

• The conventional uniformitarian age for these
  samples is well beyond 100,000 years (in most
  cases it is tens to hundreds of millions of
  years).
• The samples include coal, anthracite, and natural
  gas, as well as wood, shells, foraminifera, and
  other fossils. Even some Precambrian graphite
  samples have carbon 14 ages of about 60,000
  years!
• Some of the researchers tried to explain this
  carbon 14 as contamination, but none of their
  attempts to clean it were successful.

66

• AMS analyses reveal carbon from fossil remains of
  living organisms, regardless of their position in
  the geological record, consistently contain 14C
  levels far in excess of the AMS machine
  threshold, even when extreme pre-treatment
  methods are applied. Experiments in which the
  sample size is varied argue compellingly that the
  14C is intrinsic to the fossil material and not a
  result of handling or pre-treatment. These
  conclusions continue to be confirmed in the very
  latest peer-reviewed papers.

67

• Moreover, even non-organic carbon samples appear
  consistently to yield 14C levels well above
  machine threshold. Graphite samples formed under
  metamorphic and reducing conditions in
  Precambrian limestone environments commonly
  display 14C values on the order of 0.05 pmc. A
  good question is what possibly could be the
  source of the 14C in this material? We conclude
  that the possibility this 14C is primordial is a
  reasonable one.

68
Organic matter consistently has a higher 14C
ratio than Precambrian inorganic matter

• Not noise
• Not contamination

69

• Dr Baumgardner sent a diamond for C-14 dating. 
  It was the first time this had been attempted,
  and the answer came back positivei.e. the
  diamond, formed deep inside the earth in a
  Precambrian layer, nevertheless contained
  radioactive carbon, even though it shouldnt
  have.  This is exceptionally striking evidence,
  because a diamond has remarkably powerful lattice
  bonds, so there is no way that subsequent
  biological contamination can be expected to find
  its way into the interior.

70

• The diamonds carbon-dated age of lt58,000 years
  is thus an upper limit for the age of the whole
  earth.  And this age is brought down still
  further now that the helium diffusion results
  have so strongly affirmed dramatic past
  acceleration of radioactive decay.

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• The fact that isotopic dates are generally too
  old by hundreds of millions of years, but Carbon
  14 dates are only too old by thousands of years,
  is also evidence for accelerated decay because
  Carbon 14 decays much faster.

72

• An ounce of silver a pound of gold Not much
  difference
• An ounce of silver a pound of bricks Big
  difference
• 5.00 doesnt mean much to a millionaire
• 5.00 means a lot to a beggar!
• 100 1/10 not much increase
• .001 1/10 big increase

73

• Small half life Decay is frequent
• Large half life Decay is rare
• Extra decay makes little difference if decay is
  frequent
• Extra decay makes large difference if decay is
  rare
• Conclusion
• Isotopic ages of elements with large half lives
  should be more affected by an increase in decay
  rates

74
Half Lives for Radioactive Elements
75

• Alpha decay and beta decay use different
  processes
• Therefore they may not be affected the same by an
  increase in the decay rate
• So discordances between alpha and beta decay ages
  are an evidence of disturbed decay

76

• Expected evidence of increase in decay rates
• Carbon 14 ages much younger than other isotopic
  ages like K-Ar, U-Pb, et cetera
• Alpha and beta ages should differ
• Long half live ages more affected than short half
  life ages

77
RADIOISOTOPES IN THE DIABASE SILL (UPPER
PRECAMBRIAN) AT BASS RAPIDS, GRAND CANYON,
ARIZONA AN APPLICATION AND TEST OF THE ISOCHRON
DATING METHOD STEVEN A. AUSTIN, Ph.D. ANDREW A.
SNELLING, Ph.D. WILLIAM A. HOESCH
78
Evidence for accelerated decay rates obtained
from isotopic dates themselves
Even airtight isotopic dates disagree the only
explanation is a change in decay rates!
79

• ABSTRACT The five-point Rb-Sr whole-rock
  isochron age of 1.07 Ga for the diabase sill at
  Bass Rapids, Grand Canyon, has been regarded for
  20 years as an excellent example of the
  application of conventional radioisotopic dating.
  However, our new K-Ar, Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb
  radioisotope data from eleven whole-rock samples
  (eight diabase, three granophyre) and six mineral
  phases separated from one of the whole-rock
  diabase samples yield discordant whole-rock and
  mineral isochron ages.

80

• These isochron ages range from 841.5164 Ma
  (whole-rock K-Ar) to 1375170 Ma (mineral Sm-Nd).
  Each method appears to yield concordant ages
  internally between whole rocks and minerals. It
  is therefore argued that only changing
  radioisotope decay rates in the past could
  account for these discordant isochron ages for
  the same geologic event. Furthermore, these data
  are consistent with alpha decay having been
  accelerated more than beta decay, and with the
  longer the present half-life the greater being
  the acceleration factor.

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• This is not an isolated phenomenon but is
  characteristic of isotopic dates

82

• Austin has already documented that, when the
  mineral isochron method is applied as a test of
  the assumptions of radioisotopic dating,
  discordances inevitably result. According to
  Austin, four categories of discordance are found
  in suites of rocks with a common origin (1) two
  or more discordant whole rock isochron ages, (2)
  a whole-rock isochron age older than the
  associated mineral isochron ages, (3) two or more
  discordant mineral isochrons from the same rock,
  and (4) a whole-rock isochron age younger than
  the associated mineral isochron ages. Our
  radioisotope data from the Bass Rapids diabase
  sill exhibit all four categories of isochron
  discordance. Thus the assumptions of
  radioisotopic dating must be questioned.

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• Airtight dates disagree
• An evidence of a change in the decay rates

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Mutation rates
Mitochondrial DNA appears to mutate much faster
than expected, prompting new DNA forensics
procedures and raising troubling questions about
the dating of evolutionary events.
...Regardless of the cause, evolutionists are
most concerned about the effect of a faster
mutation rate. For example, researchers have
calculated that "mitochondrial Eve"--the woman
whose mtDNA was ancestral to that in all living
people--lived 100,000 to 200,000 years ago in
Africa. Using the new clock,
she would be a mere 6000
years old
Gibbons, Ann, Calibrating the Mitochondrial
Clock, Science, Vol 279, No. 5347, Jan 1998, pp.
28 - 29.
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Mutation rates
In fact, a similar argument gives young ages for
wolves, coyotes, dogs, ducks, birds, E. Coli, and
Drosophila (fruit flies). Probably many
organisms can be shown to have originated within
the past few thousand years using genetic
diversity arguments.
87
Ages computed from nuclear DNA diversity are
larger than ages computed from mtDNA diversity.
This is also evidence for an accelerated mutation
rate in the past because nuclear DNA mutates much
slower and would be more affected. But what
caused the increase? There is evidence that
small doses of radiation can lead to unexpectedly
high mutation rates in humans (Science 8 February
2002 vol. 295 page 946) ... researchers led by
geneticist Yuri Dubrova of the University of
Leicester, United Kingdom, describe a compelling
connection between radioactive fallout and
elevated mutation rates in families living
downwind of the Semipalatinsk nuclear facility
...
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The findings bolster a controversial 1996 report
by Dubrova and a different group of colleagues
that linked germ line mutations to fallout from
the 1986 Chornobyl explosion. That study,
published in Nature, described double the usual
mutation rate in the children of men living in a
region of Belarus heavily contaminated with
cesium 137. In each subject they examined eight
minisatellite DNA regions that are prone to
mutations. ... Compared to control families in a
nonirradiated part of Kazakhstan, individuals
exposed to fallout had a rougly 80 increase in
mutation rate, and their children showed an
average rise of 50.
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So it all fits together increased decay leads
to higher levels of radiation and also increases
mutation rates in humans! And there is some
evidence that the rate of decay may vary
90

• Slusher (1981, p. 26) reports Anderson and
  Spangler maintain that their several observations
  of statistically significant deviations from the
  (random) expectation strongly suggests that an
  unreliability factor must be incorporated into
  age-dating calculations. Such irregularities
  were observed for carbon 14, cobalt 60, and
  cesium 137. The source for this information is
  Anderson, J.L. and Spangler, G.W., "Radiometric
  Dating Is the Decay Constant' Constant?",
  Pensee, p. 31.

91

• Even Dalrymple (1984, p. 88) recognizes such
  irregularities Under certain environmental
  conditions, the decay characteristics of 14C,
  60Co, and 137Ce, all of which decay by beta
  emission, do deviate slightly from the ideal
  random distribution predicted by current theory
  ... , but changes in the decay constants have not
  been detected. Dalrymple cites the references
  Anderson, J. L., 1972, Non-Poisson distributions
  observed during counting of certain
  carbon-14-labeled organic (sub) monolayers, Phys.
  Chem. J. 76 3603-3612 and Anderson, J.L.and G.W.
  Spangler, 1973, Serial statistics Is radioactive
  decay random? Phys. Chem. J. 77 3114 - 3121.

92

• What could have sped up decay rates? The
  following comment by Keith Wanser, a creationist
  physicist, quoted in Creation Ex Nihilo 21(4) p.
  40 is significant Actually, it turns out that
  when you get the nucleus "excited", decay is
  going to be much quicker, making things look
  vastly "older". People have been talking recently
  about magnetic stars giving off big bursts of
  gamma rays there are all sorts of ways that
  radiometric "clocks" could have been reset
  catastrophically, during the Flood, for example.

93

• Furtive Glances Trigger Radioactive Decay,"
  Science 2 June 2000 vol 288 page 1564
• This article shows how interactions with
  elementary particles can cause decay rates to
  increase. One such particle is the neutrino, and
  supernovas produce many neutrinos.

94

• A recent result (Science 26 April 2002 vol. 296
  page 633) implies that neutrinos interact with
  matter much more readily than previously thought
  The results also show that another property of
  neutrinos, related to how they interact with
  matter, known as the mixing angle, must be large,
  rather than small, contrary to what physicists
  believed until quite recently.

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• Where did all the radiation come from to speed up
  decay rates?

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The Crab Nebula is the remnant of a supernova
explosion that was seen on Earth in 1054 AD. It
is 6000 light years from Earth. At the center of
the bright nebula is a rapidly spinning neutron
star, or pulsar that emits pulses of radiation 30
times a second.
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The Crab Nebula
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SN 1987A. Elle apparut le 23 février 1987
100

• Gamma rays may have devastated life on Earth 24
  September 03 New Scientist A devastating burst of
  gamma rays may have caused one of Earth's worst
  mass extinctions, 443 million years ago. A team
  of astrophysicists and palaeontologists says the
  pattern of trilobite extinctions at that time
  resembles the expected effects of a nearby
  gamma-ray burst (GRB).

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• GRBs are the most powerful explosions known. As
  giant stars collapse into black holes at the end
  of their lives, they fire incredibly intense
  pulses of gamma rays from their poles that can be
  detected even from across the universe for 10
  seconds or so.

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• Now Melott believes he has palaeontological
  evidence that this actually happened at the end
  of the Ordovician period 443 million years ago,
  causing one of the five largest extinctions of
  the past 500 million years.

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• The researchers found that species of trilobite
  that spent some of their lives in the plankton
  layer near the ocean surface were much harder hit
  than deep-water dwellers, which tended to stay
  put within quite restricted areas.
• Melott says this unusual pattern could be
  explained by a GRB, which would probably
  devastate creatures living on land and near the
  ocean surface, but leave deep-sea creatures
  relatively unharmed.

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• Supernova "smoking gun" linked to mass
  extinctions 09 January 02 New Scientist
• They found atoms of a very rare isotope of iron,
  60Fe, in cores taken from the ocean floor. 60Fe
  is rare in the solar system because it has a
  half-life of 1.5 million years. The German group
  suggested that the iron arrived on Earth as
  fallout from a nearby supernova about two million
  years ago.

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• This is about the time that fossil records
  indicate that many marine molluscs went extinct.
  Donald Clayton, an astronomer at Clemson
  University, says the story appears consistent
  "The amount of 60Fe found in deposits is about
  what you might expect from a supernova going off
  about 100 light-years away." Clayton says 60Fe
  would be blasted towards Earth when high energy
  neutrons from the supernova core smack into iron
  atoms in its outer shell.

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• Supernova poised to go off near Earth
   1030 23 May 02 New Scientist. A student at
  Harvard University has stumbled across the
  terrifying spectacle of a star in our galactic
  backyard that is on the brink of exploding in a
  supernova. It is so close that if it were to blow
  up before moving away from us, it could wipe out
  life on Earth.

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• We are only 150 light years away from HR 8210 at
  present - well short of the 160 to 200 light
  years thought to be the minimum safe distance
  from a supernova. If it did let fly, the
  high-energy electromagnetic radiation and cosmic
  rays it released would destroy Earth's ozone
  layer within minutes, giving life little chance
  of survival. "The fact that there's such a system
  so close to us suggests maybe these objects are
  not so rare," says Latham.

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• But which supernova might have been responsible
  for the increase in decay rates?

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• The Gum Nebula is a huge constellation in the
  Southern hemisphere, about 1000 light years away,
  and extending over at least 40 degrees of the
  sky. The Gum Nebula is thought to be the remnant
  of one or more ancient supernovae. One pulsar in
  this region, perhaps not associated with the Gum
  Nebula, is the Vela Pulsar, which is about 800
  light years away and estimated to be about 11,000
  years old.

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• However, if the dating of pulsars is wrong, as
  has recently been suggested, then the Vela Pulsar
  could be much younger, and may have arisen only
  4,500 years ago, or about the time of the Flood.
  The Vela supernova remnant is now about 230 light
  years across and covers over 100 times the sky
  area of the full moon.

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• Vela Supernova Remnant in X-ray

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• Vela Pulsar Neutron Star-Ring-Jet

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• Another evidence of a recent creation comets

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Comets crumble too quickly
Comet
Losses
Sun
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Kuiper Belt
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• Kuiper belt supposed source of short period
  comets was recently found to have only 4
  percent of the necessary objects!
• (Science 5 Sept. 2003 vol. 301 page 1304 Comet
  'Factory' Found to Have Too Little Inventory)
• Comets must have been recently produced, then, by
  some kind of a catastrophe.

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Asteroid Belt
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• Correlation between surface heat flow and the
  radioactivity of surface rocks (RATE book, page
  80)
• Robert Gentry claims to have found "squashed"
  polonium haloes as well as embryonic uranium
  radiohaloes in coal deposits from many geological
  layers claimed to be hundreds of millions of
  years old. (See the Oct. 15, 1976 issue of
  Science.)

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Polonium halo
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Squashed Polonium haloes from coalified wood
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Evidence for a recent creation

• Helium retention in zircons
• Recent Carbon 14 dates
• Radiation and accelerated decay
• Evidence of accelerated mutation rate
• Evidence of a nearby supernova
• Lack of objects in the Kuiper belt
• Correlation between surface heat flow and the
  radioactivity of surface rocks

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• Many lines of evidence are beginning to fit
  together into a consistent picture.
• How much evidence is necessary before a paradigm
  shift occurs?

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• Revelation 146   And I saw another angel fly in
  the midst of heaven, having the everlasting
  gospel to preach unto them that dwell on the
  earth, and to every nation, and kindred, and
  tongue, and people,7   Saying with a loud voice,
  Fear God, and give glory to him for the hour of
  his judgment is come and worship him that made
  heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains
  of waters.

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