Biology EOC Review Questions

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Biology EOC Review Questions

• New curriculum

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Goal Two Questions
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Question 1
Enzymes are classified as which of the following
biological organic compounds?

• carbohydrates
• lipids
• nucleic acids
• proteins

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Question 2
Some organelles have their own DNA that is
distinct from the cells nuclear DNA. This is
true of which organelle?

• cell wall
• mitochondrion
• plasma membrane
• vacuole

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Question 3
Pollen in plants is most similar to which type of
cell in humans?

• egg
• embryo
• sperm
• zygote

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Question 4
Protein synthesis occurs at which of the
structures shown below? See figure on paper.

• I
• II
• III
• IV

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Question 5
Why do cells need buffering agents?

• to maintain constant internal environment at a
  pH of 10
• to minimize the changes in pH of the internal
  environment
• to function properly in an extremely basic
  internal environment
• to function properly in an extremely acid
  internal environment

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Question 6
Consider this graph. Which statement best
summarizes the information in the graph?

• The cells survive best under acidic conditions.
• The cells survive best under basic conditions.
• These cells would survive better in distilled
  water.
• The survival of these cells does not affect pH.

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Question 7
Placing wilted lettuce in cold water will make it
crisp again. Which statement best describes what
happens to restore the lettuce to its original
condition?

• Water left the lettuce cells by diffusion.
• Water entered the cells of the lettuce by
  osmosis.
• Osmosis caused salts to enter the lettuce
  cells.
• Salts in the leaf caused water to leave the
  cells.

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Question 8
Which cell process will move substances against a
concentration gradient?

• diffusion
• facilitated diffusion
• osmosis
• active transport

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Question 9
Individuals who lack lactase are unable to break
down the sugar lactose. Which term best
describes lactase?

• enzyme
• fatty acid
• lipid
• starch

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Question 10
The bacteria that cause tetanus can survive in a
puncture wound that has healed on the outer
surface of the skin. Through what process do
these bacteria acquire the energy they need to
survive?

• aerobic respiration
• anaerobic respiration
• chemosynthesis
• photosynthesis

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Question 11
In terms of ATP production, which process results
in the most stored energy?

• aerobic respiration
• anaerobic respiration
• fermentation
• photosynthesis

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Question 12
Which statement best distinguishes aerobic from
anaerobic respiration?

• Only aerobic respiration involves fermentation.
• Only anaerobic respiration occurs in the
  mitochondria.
• Only aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
• Only anaerobic respiration produces carbon
  dioxide.

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Question 13
Which most accurately describes the difference in
ATP production between aerobic respiration and
anaerobic respiration?

• Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than
  anaerobic respiration.
• Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than
  aerobic respiration.
• Only anaerobic respiration produces measureable
  amounts of ATP.
• Anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the
  same amount of ATP.

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Goal Three Questions
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Question 1
A segment of a DNA strand has the following
bases TAC GAT What is the complementary strand
of DNA?

• UAG CAU
• TAG CAT
• ATG CTA
• AUG CUA

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Question 2
Which relationship is most similar to the
relationship below? tRNAribosome

• book publisher
• truck factory
• key lock
• baker pie

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Question 3
Before a cell goes through either mitosis or
meiosis, which process must be carried out by the
DNA in the nucleus?

• replication
• nondisjunction
• transcription
• translation

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Question 4
Sexual reproduction provides for what to occur?

• cloning
• budding
• genetic stability
• genetic variation

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Question 5
Which would most likely favor species survival in
changing environmental conditions?

• genetic recombination
• energy involvement in gamete production
• length of life cycle
• number of offspring produced

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Question 6
Which term best describes the type of cell
division in which parent cells produce daughter
cells with the same number of chromosomes as the
parent cells?

• mitosis
• meiosis
• spermatogenesis
• oogenesis

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Question 7
What is the primary cause of variation in the
offspring of sexually reproducing organisms?

• cytoplasmic division
• environmental changes
• mutation
• recombination of alleles

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Question 8
Which is responsible for most genotypic and
phenotypic variation among humans?

• meiosis
• budding
• mitosis
• regeneration

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Question 9
In genetics research, what is the purpose of a
test cross?

• to determine the phenotypes of the parents
• to determine the genotypes of the parents
• to determine whether or not two parents could
  produce viable offspring
• to determine how many offspring can be produced
  by two parents.

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Question 10
Several matings between the same male black
guinea pig and female brown guinea pig produce a
total of 12 brown and 14 black guinea pigs. If
black is dominant and brown is recessive, what
are the genotypes of the parents?

• BBxbb
• Bbxbb
• BBxBb
• BbxBb

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Question 11
Most sex-linked, recessive traits- including
hemophilia and color blindness-appear in males.
This phenomenon is best explained by which
statement?

• Males have an X chromosome with dominant genes.
• Most of the genes on the X and Y chromosomes of
  males are recessive.
• In males, the recessive sex-linked genes appear
  only on the Y chromosome.
• In males, the Y chromosome lacks the genes
  needed to mask the recessive genes on the X
  chromosome.

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Question 12
Huntingtons disease is a dominant trait. What
are the chances that a child will develop
Huntingtons disease if one parent is
heterozygous and the other is normal?

• 0 out of 4
• 1 out of 4
• 2 out of 4
• 3 out of 4

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Question 13
Some flowers show incomplete dominance. If RR
white and RR red, which phenotypic ratio
would be expected in the offspring of two pink
flowers?

• 1red 2 pink 1 white
• 0 red 4 pink 0 white
• 3 red 0 pink 1 white
• 4 red 0 pink 0 white

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Question 14
A couple has five children, all with blood type
A. The mothers blood type is O, and the fathers
blood type is A. Based on this information, which
describes the most probable genotype of the
father?

• diploid
• haploid
• heterozygous
• homozygous

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Question 15
A karyotype of a human female shows that she has
only one sex chromosome. Which genotype would
represent her genetic condition?

• XO
• XXX
• XY
• XYY

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Question 16
The diagram below represents DNA fingerprints
which are the result of gel electrophoresis done
on several DNA samples found at a crime scene.
(See figure) Which suspect is linked to the crime
scene by the DNA analysis?

• Suspect A
• Suspect B
• Suspect C
• Suspect D

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Question 17
A plant nursery only grew one type of tomato
plant. All of their tomato plants died from the
same disease. What was most likely true of the
tomato plant population?

• They had a lot of resistance to disease.
• They had a few plants that were resistant to
  the disease.
• They had too much variation in their genes.
• They had little variation in their genes.

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Question 18
Most individuals of a certain species of bird
have medium-length tails, but tail length ranges
within the species from very short to very long.
If a new predator arrives that preferred birds
with medium-length tails, which graph describes
the most likely result?

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Question 19
A paleontologist is comparing the fossilized
remains of two primates. Both animals had a
prehensile tail. What can be concluded from this
evidence?

• They were not related.
• They lived on the ground.
• They evolved from a common ancestor.
• They had bipedal locomotion.

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Question 20
Variation within species was important to the
development of Darwins theory of evolution.
Which statement dies individual variation help
explain?

• Resources become limited over long periods of
  time.
• Populations often increase rapidly and without
  warning.
• Competition is fierce among members of different
  species.
• Some organisms survive and reproduce better
  than others.

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Question 21
Variety within a species is most likely to result
from which situation?

• severe weather conditions that might occur,
  such as hurricanes and blizzards.
• adaptation to local environmental
  characteristics by isolated populations of the
  species.
• the extinction of competing species over a
  broad range of habitats
• sex-specific coloring differences

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Question 22
Which could be considered biochemical evidence of
an evolutionary relationship?

• absence of vestigial structures
• presence of embryonic gill slits
• similar anatomical structures
• presence of identical proteins

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Question 23
Which is the best evidence of an evolutionary
relationship between two organisms?

• similarity in behavior
• similarity in DNA
• similarity in habitat
• similarity in niche

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• Goal Four Questions

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Question 1
Using the key provided, drawing III can be
identified as which bird?

• Bubo virginianus
• Haliaeetus leucocephalus
• Colinus virginianus
• Anas platyrhynchos

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Question 2
Which of the cells characterized in the chart
below is prokaryotic?

• Cell A
• Cell B
• Cell C
• Cell D

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Question 3
An organism is eukaryotic, multicellular,
heterotrophic, and has a cell wall. To which
kingdom does it belong?

• Animal
• Fungi
• Plant
• Protist

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Question 4
In order to maintain good health, a persons
normal glucose level must remain within a given
range. Which two systems control the blood
glucose level?

• endocrine and skeletal
• endocrine and digestive
• circulatory and lymphatic
• digestive and lymphatic

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Question 5
The structure of the digestive tube in the
grasshopper and earthworm consists of many folds.
The folds affect the efficiency of food
absorption by which of the following functions?

• increasing surface area
• reducing transpiration
• increasing hormone secretion
• reducing storage of sugar

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Question 6
How would the seeds in Figure 1 and Figure 2 be
classified?

• ferns
• mosses
• angiosperms
• gymnosperms

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Question 7
The fertilized eggs of most mammals follow a
similar pattern of early development. Which
sequence is the typical pattern, beginning with
the earliest stage?

• fetus?embryo?zygote
• Fetus?zygote?embryo
• Zygote?fetus?embryo
• Zygote?embryo?fetus

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Question 8
How is the folded structure of the villi in the
small intestine related to the function of the
villi?

• It decreases blood flow.
• It provides protection.
• It increases absorption.
• It provides support.

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Question 9
Many factors can affect human fetal development.
Which would have the most damaging effect on
fetal development?

• increasing food intake
• decreasing exercise
• smoking cigarettes
• increasing exercise

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Question 10
Which would most likely be caused by
environmental conditions?

• lung cancer
• hemophilia
• cystic fibrosis
• sickle cell anemia

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Question 11
Which statement about animal behavior is most
accurate?

• Innate behaviors can be changes as a result of
  individual experiences.
• Innate behaviors are generally complex and
  require time to perfect.
• A complex nervous system is necessary for
  learned behavior.
• Learned behaviors are acquired as a result of
  individual experience.

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Question 12
Which of these organisms will most likely show a
positive phototactic response?

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Question 13
Bacteria living in nodules on the roots of
legumes have the ability to fix atmospheric
nitrogen into a water-soluble form that plants
can use. The bacteria absorb sugar from the
plants roots. Which describes the relationship
between the bacteria and the legume plant?

• commensalism
• mutualism
• parasitism
• predation

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Question 14
Euglena are one-celled organisms containing
chlorophyll. A culture of Euglena is placed into
a beaker in a dark room with a flashlight shining
on one side, as show in the diagram. The Euglena
gather on one side of the beaker. What can be
inferred about Euglena from this experiment?

• Euglena show a positive response to light.
• Euglena show a positive response to darkness
• Euglena show a negative response to light
• Euglena do not react to light

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Question 15
Which is an advantage of social grouping?

• increased competition for limited resources
• increased chance of detection by predators
• increased protection from predators
• increased risk of minor infections

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Question 16
Estivation is a period of inactivity for animals
experiencing conditions of extreme heat.
Estivation serves the same function as which
activity practiced by animals in cold
environmental conditions?

• camouflage
• hibernation
• migration
• mimicry

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• Goal Five Questions

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Question 1
Which situation would result in the greatest
increase in the human population?

• decreased birth rate and increased death rate
• increased infant mortality and decreased death
  rate
• decreased death rate and increased birth rate
• increased birth rate and increased infant
  mortality

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Question 2
A local scientist has studied the population
distribution of a species of snail that lives on
the sandy beaches of an island. The island
experiences a volcanic eruption. The data from
the scientists study of the snail population is
summarized below. Prior to the volcanic
eruption, which of the following could explain
why the percentage of black snails was so much
lower than the percentage of light brown snails?

• The black color made them more likely to find
  food successfully.
• The allele for black color is lethal in the
  homozygous condition.
• The black snails were easier for predators to
  locate on the light-colored beach.
• The light brown snails were better than the
  black snails at using all the variable resources.
  

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Question 3
In a forest ecosystem, which is an abiotic factor?

• the amount of rainfall
• the size of the deer
• the type of trees
• the number of birds

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Question 4
A community is studied and several interactions
are observed and recorded. Which type of
interaction could illustrate the process of
mutualism?

• interaction A
• interaction B
• interaction C
• interaction D

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Question 5
In the carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide
is converted into organic material by which
process?

• cellular respiration
• decomposition
• photosynthesis
• transpiration

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Question 6
Why do ecosystems rarely contain more than a few
trophic levels?

• Energy transfer efficiency is high.
• Energy transfer efficiency is low.
• Energy amounts remain constant.
• Energy cannot flow through levels.

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Question 7
Recent climate data suggests a global warming
trend. The most likely cause could be an
increase in which gas?

• oxygen
• carbon dioxide
• nitrogen
• hydrogen sulfide

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Question 8
Silt and nutrients from eroding farmland flow
into a lake. As a result, which will most likely
increase first?

• fish population
• shore vegetation
• algae growth
• dissolved oxygen