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The Maasai and The Nyoro By Will Quartel The Maasai History

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Title: The Maasai and The Nyoro By Will Quartel The Maasai History


1
The Maasai and The Nyoro
  • By Will Quartel

2
The Maasai
3
History
  • Prior to British Colonization, other Africans,
    Arabs, and European explorers respected and
    feared them
  • 1880-81 British introduced rinderpest (a cattle
    disease)
  • The British then moved the Maasai into southern
    Kenya and tried to introduce some of the European
    customs
  • Since Kenya and Tanzania gained independence from
    Britain in the 1960s the Maasai became more
    organized and modernized

4
Geography and Language
  • Believed to have originated in the Upper Nile
    Valley
  • Began migrating in the 1600s into the areas of
    East Africa (Kenya and Tanzania)
  • Today their homeland is between Lake Victoria and
    Mt. Kilimanjaro
  • Maasai population in Tanzania is over 150,000 and
    the population in Kenya is close to 150,000
  • Maasailand extends around 310 miles from north to
    south and about 186 miles at its widest east-west
    point
  • The Maasai speak the Maa language however they
    refer to their version as the Olmaa

Image 2 Maasai Area
5
Social Life
  • Patriarchal Society, semi-nomadic pastoralism
  • Age groups
  • Children belong to age sets from birth
  • Age-sets share everything within their groups
  • Clothing varies by age, sex, and place
  • Capes made from cattle hides or sheepskin
  • In the 1960s, the Maasai began to replace
    animal-skin with commercial cotton cloth (capes
    for women are called shuka)
  • Color preference is red (black, blue, striped,
    and checkered cloth are also worn)
  • Food
  • Many rules and taboos about eating
  • The Maasai depend on cattle for food, utensils,
    sheltering, and clothing
  • Traditional diet consists of six foods meat,
    blood, milk, fat, honey, and tree bark
  • Maasai generally eat two meals a day (morning and
    night)

Image 3 Maasai Woman
6
Social Life (cont.)
  • Calendar
  • Calendar is divided up into three main seasons
    Nkokua (the long rains), Oloirurujuruj (the
    drizzling season), and Oltumuret (the short
    rains).
  • Each month has its own name and description
  • Ceremonies
  • Ceremonial feasts for circumcision, excision,
    marriage, and eunto (warriors returning to the
    village)
  • As Maasai are integrated into modern Kenya and
    Tanzania they adopt some major holidays
  • Living Conditions
  • Traditionally cowhides were used to create
    temporary homes during migration
  • Permanent and semi-permanent homes resembling
    igloos were built with sticks, mud, and cow dung
  • Social Problems
  • Rapid modernization, fear of losing children to
    western schooling, integration into modern society

Image 4 Maasai jumping
7
Religion and Folklore
  • Religion
  • The Maasai place themselves at the center of the
    universe as Gods chosen people
  • Believe in one God (Enkai)
  • Along with the world, three groups of people were
    created
  • Folklore
  • The Maasai have many myths, legends, folktales,
    riddles, and proverbs which are passed down
    through generations
  • Many stories are about the origins of present-day
    Maasai beliefs
  • One myth reveals the present day status between
    men and women

8
Rites of Passage
  • Facing the Lion
  • The rite of passage for Maasai means a series of
    painful tests throughout their lives
  • Men have a progression from childhood to warrior
    hood to elder hood
  • Pain leads to Strength
  • Boys test their wills by putting hot coals on
    their arms and legs, and by enduring tattoos all
    over their bodies
  • Ear piercing (both boys and girls)
  • The bigger the hole the better, earlobes to
    ones shoulders are considered perfect
  • Circumcision and Excision
  • Most important event in a young Maasais life
  • Warrior hood

Image 5 Maasai Warrior
9
Working Life and Economy
  • Labor among herding Maasai is divided
  • The mans responsibility is his cattle and he
    must protect them, and find the best land and
    watering holes for them
  • Women raise the children, maintain the home,
    cook, milk the cattle, and take care of the
    calves
  • A boy begins herding at the age of four by
    looking after lambs and young calves
  • Girls help their mothers with domestic chores
    such as getting water, gathering firewood, and
    patching roofs
  • Economy
  • Some Maasai are blacksmiths, but they are
    despised by other Maasai
  • Many Maasai work in Urban areas in hotels and
    lodges

10
The Nyoro
Image 6 Bunyoro Flag
11
History
  • Also called the Banyoro, the Bunyoro, or the
    Kitara
  • Descended from the Iru, the Hima, and the Bito
  • 1890s the Bunyoro kingdom became a protectorate
    of Uganda
  • One of the most powerful kingdoms in Uganda
    during the eighteenth century
  • Language is called Nyoro

12
Geography
  • Bantu people living east of Lake Albert, west of
    the Victoria Nile, and in west central Uganda
  • The Nyoro live in scattered settlements on
    well-watered, fertile plains
  • Small density villages due to large quantity of
    Tsetse flies
  • Causes occasional sleeping sickness

Image 7 Nyoro Area
13
Social Life
  • Patrilineal Descent
  • Many Nyoro are small-scale rural farmers
  • Mostly agricultural
  • Crops include millet, sorghum, plantains, yams,
    squash, cassava, and peanuts
  • Known as great hunters who used clever traps such
    as pits, nets, and snares
  • Originally divided into three groups of people
    the Babito, the Bahima, and the Bairu

14
Economy
  • Cash crops include tobacco and cotton
  • Nyoro blacksmiths make weapons (iron-ore)
  • Cowry shells and other currency items are used
  • Salt-making
  • Future economy petroleum

15
Religion
  • Predominantly Christian
  • Few Muslims
  • Nyoro Religion
  • Rulers were hero-gods (Bachwezi)
  • Each associated with a place, event, element, or
    idea

16
Images
  • Image 1 Maasai Man. Maasai Culture Photo
    Gallery. lthttp//www.maasaivillage.com/photogalle
    ry/maasaiculture/Ma asai20Butlers.jpggt.
  • Image 2 Maasai Area. About the Maasai.
    lthttp//www.ogiek.org/faq/maasai.htmgt.
  • Image 3 Maasai Woman. Maasai Oral Histories.
    2000. lthttp//www.maasaioralhistories.org/gt.
  • Image 4 Maasai Jumping. Kenya- Fly In Safaris.
    lthttp//www.fisheaglesafaris.com/fly_keny2.htmgt.
  • Image 5 Maasai Warrior. Kenya-Maasai.
    lthttp//kenya.rcbowen.com/people/maasai.htmlgt.
  • Image 6 Bunyoro Flag. Bunyoro.
    lthttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunyorogt.
  • Image 7 Nyoro Area. World Mission Uganda. 9
    March 2006. lthttp//stlukecrosby.org.uk/world/uga
    nda.shtmlgt.

17
Works Cited
  • Maasai. Encyclopedia of African Peoples. Facts
    On File, Inc. New York, NY. 2000.
  • Maasai. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006.
    Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. 6
    Mar. 2006 lthttp//school.eb.com/eb/article-905123
    6gt.
  • Maasai. Junior Worldmark Encyclopedia of World
    Cultures. 2nd Ed. UXL, 1999. Student Resource
    Center. Thomas Gale. 06 March 2006.
    lthttp//galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/SRCgt.
  • Nyoro. Encyclopedia of African Peoples. Facts
    On File, Inc. New York, NY. 2000.
  • Nyoro. Encyclopedia Britannica. Vol. 8.
    Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc. Chicago, Il. 2003.
  • Nyoro. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006.
    Encyclopedia Britannica Online School Edition. 6
    Mar. 2006 lthttp//school.eb.com/eb/article-905658
    9gt.
  • Ogorzaly, Kate. The Maasai. Tribes of Africa.
    About, Inc. The New York Times Company, 2006.
    lthttp//goafrica.about.com/library/bl.maasai.htmgt.
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