War in Bosnia and Herzegovina

1
War in Bosnia and Herzegovina

• SooYoung Hwang, Kenny Lin,
• Lance Zheng, Benoit Elliott, Dijana

2
Description/Timeline of the event

• Communist government collapsed in Yugoslavia.
• Countries like Slovenia and Croatia declared
  independence in 1991.
• The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina attempted
  to be independent as well.
• The Serbian Bosnians protested against this
  movement.
• Bosnia and Herzegovina was ethnically separated
  Serbians, Croatians, Bosnians
• On the first multi-party election in November
  1990 held in Bosnia and Herzegovina, three ethnic
  parties won the most seats the Bosniak Party of
  Democratic Action, the Serbian Democratic Party
  and the Croatian Democratic Union.
• A declaration of sovereignty of Bosnia and
  Herzegovina in October of 1991 was followed by a
  referendum for independence from Yugoslavia in
  February.

3
Atrocities

• Date March 1992 November 1995
• On February 6, 1994, A marketplace in Sarajevo
  was struck by a Serb mortar shell killing 68
  persons and wounding nearly 200..
• The Serbs under the command of General Ratko
  Mladic slaughtered nearly 8,000 men and boys
  between the ages of twelve and sixty. In
  addition, the Serbs continued to engage in mass
  rapes of Muslim females.
• On September 30, 1991, the Yugoslav Peoples Army
  destroyed a small Croatian village of Ravno
  located in Herzegovina during the course of its
  siege of the city of Dubrovnik.
• Once towns and villages were securely in their
  hands, the Serb forces - the military, the
  police, the paramilitaries and, sometimes, even
  Serb villagers burned Bosniak houses and
  apartments. Bosniak civilians were captured, and
  sometimes beaten or killed in the process. Men
  and women were separated, with many of the men
  detained in the camps. The women were kept in
  various detention centres where they had to live
  in intolerably unhygienic conditions, where they
  were mistreated in many ways including being
  raped repeatedly.
• Bosnian Serbs not only attacked the Safe Havens
  but also attacked the U.N. peacekeepers as well.
• By now, over 200,000 Muslim civilians had been
  systematically murdered. More than 20,000 were
  missing while 2,000,000 had become refugees.

4
The places where the atrocities were committed
5
Violated sections of the Declaration of Human
Rights, International law

• Article 1 All human beings are born free and
  equal in dignity and rights.They are endowed with
  reason and conscience and should act towards one
  another in a spirit of brotherhood.
• Article 2 Everyone is entitled to all the rights
  and freedoms set forth in this Declaration,
  without distinction of any kind, such as race,
  colour, sex, language, religion, political or
  other opinion, national or social origin,
  property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no
  distinction shall be made on the basis of the
  political, jurisdictional or international status
  of the country or territory to which a person
  belongs, whether it be independent, trust,
  non-self-governing or under any other limitation
  of sovereignty.
• Article 3 Everyone has the right to life,
  liberty and security of person.
• Article 7 All are equal before the law and are
  entitled without any discrimination to equal
  protection of the law. All are entitled to equal
  protection against any discrimination in
  violation of this Declaration and against any
  incitement to such discrimination.

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Slobodan Milosevic

• Commander of the Serbian Army during the Bosnian
  War
• Born in august 20th 1941
• Slobodan Milosevic rose to power by manipulating
  Serb national sentiment over Kosovo
• 1987 he told a crowd of angry Serbs outside
  Pristina - who were protesting against alleged
  harassment by the majority Albanian community -
  that no-one would ever be allowed to beat them.
  His speech attracted huge public support.
• 1989 he became president of Serbia
• 1997 Milosevic was elected as Yugoslav President
  by the federal parliament which did his
  supporters control
• Slobodan Milosevic was ousted from power by the
  crowds, who had helped him 13 years earlier
• Election was called in September 2000
• When Milosevic refused to recognize the election
  victory of opposition, hundreds of thousands of
  people took to the streets and a national strike
  was declared, even the police man took off their
  helmets and joined the protesters

7
Legal actions taken

• Slobodan Milosevic faced charges of genocide and
  "crimes against humanity" for his part in three
  separate but closely related wars that tore apart
  the former Yugoslavia.

8
Outcome of legal action

• Milosevic was charged with genocide in the
  1992-95 Bosnian war
• Milosevic has refused to recognize the legitimacy
  of the court and insists on representing himself,
  rather than seek the assistance of defense
  lawyers.
• He was found dead in his cell on March 11, 2006
  in the UN war crimes tribunal's detention centre.

9
Bibliography

• http//www.hrweb.org/legal/udhr.html
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_war
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slobodan_Milosevic
• http//www.srpska-mreza.com/Bosnia/atrocities/Mrko
  njic-1.html
• http//www.unitedhumanrights.org/Genocide/bosnia_g
  enocide.htm
• http//www.answers.com/topic/slobodan-milosevic
• http//www.time.com/time/daily/bosnia/bosniatimeli
  ne.html