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Russia & Japan: Industrialization Outside the West

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Russia & Japan: Industrialization Outside the West AP World History Similarities Maintained economic and political independence during the West s century of power ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Russia & Japan: Industrialization Outside the West


1
Russia Japan Industrialization Outside the West
  • AP World History

2
Similarities
  • Maintained economic and political independence
    during the Wests century of power
  • Prior experience of imitation
  • Knew that learning from outsiders could be
    profitable and need not destroy their native
    cultures
  • Improved their political effectiveness during the
    17th 18 centuries
  • Used the state to sponsor changes (in the West
    change was initiated by private businesses)

3
Similarities
  • Expansionist
  • Literacy increases
  • Not much reform or industrialization the first
    half of 19th century
  • Tensions between traditionalists and reformist
    intellectuals
  • Extensive railroad network created
  • New parliaments created
  • Imitated West but retained identity
  • Centralized authoritarian states

4
Similarities
  • Pre World War I Russia and Japan were NOT equal
    to the West
  • Rise contributed to the growing sense of
    competition between established western powers

5
Russia
  • Process of industrialization undercut social
    stability
  • Tsarist empire improved political effectiveness
  • Prior experience of imitating Byzantium
  • Alliances after 1815
  • Decembrist Uprising (1825)
  • Loss in Crimean War (1853-56) convinces leaders
    to reform (socially and militarily)
  • Emancipation of the serfs (1861)

6
Russia
  • Lacked a middle class
  • Low technical standards in factories
  • Lacked a highly trained labor force
  • Business people were not assertive in challenging
    aristocratic power
  • Rise of intelligentsia (like Lenin)
  • Workers were more radical than in the west

7
Russia
  • Expansionist (Black Sea, East Asia, Balkans(?)
  • Duma (parliament)
  • Rich in natural resources
  • Russo-Japanese War (1905)

8
Japan
  • Process of industrialization maintained greater
    social cohesion
  • Tokugawa shogunate improved political
    effectiveness
  • Prior experience of imitating China (religion,
    written language, etc)
  • Shogunate weakens
  • Japan becomes more secular

9
Japan
  • Rejection of Chinese medicine and culture
  • Commodore Perry uses military pressure to force
    trade (1853)
  • Period of isolation ends
  • New emperor proclaimed (1868) Meiji Restoration
  • Political changes went deeper than in Russia
  • Abolished feudalism (1871)

10
Japan
  • Samurai issues
  • Modernized army, navy, government banks, etc.
  • Land reform motivated production, new
    fertilizers, new equipment
  • Centralized imperial rule
  • Expansionist imperialist (Korea, Manchuria,
    Taiwan) fueled economic needs, growing
    industrial and military strength, and population
    pressure
  • Rise of the ziabatsu
  • Japanese government maintained closer supervision
    of industrialization than Russia

11
Japan
  • Incorporated business leaders into its governing
    structure
  • Resource poor
  • Industrialization changed Japan more profoundly
    than Russia
  • Universal education system introduced
  • Government initiative dominated manufacturing
    (transportation and military)
  • Economic growth and careful government policy
    allowed Japan to avoid western domination
  • Labor organization was repressed

12
Japan
  • Diet (parliament)
  • Sino-Japanese War (1894-95)
  • Western haircuts, hygiene, calendar, metric
    system
  • Nationalism was built on traditions of
    superiority, cohesion, deference to rulers, and
    tensions from rapid change
  • Nationalism helped them avoid a revolution
  • Leaders encouraged national loyalty and devotion
    to the emperor
  • Japans surge promoted a fear in the West of a
    new yellow peril
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