Introduction to WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) and 3GPP LTE-A

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Introduction to WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) and 3GPP LTE-A
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2020/11/2
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Outline

• WiMAX ??
• ??, WiMAX Forum??, ????, 802.16 ????
• IEEE 802.16 ??????
• PMP architecture, Relay architecture, MESH
  architecture
• IEEE 802.16 MAC layer
• CS?CPS?PS????, QoS ??, Handoff ??, ????
• IEEE 802.16 Physical layer
• TDD FDD, ??, OFDM OFDMA, Frame structure
• 3GPP LTE ??
• ????
• ????
• WiMAX?????

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(1) WiMAX ??

• WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
  Access)????????
• ??IEEE 802.16 standard???????
• ?????????(Metropolitan Area Network,
  MAN),????????(up to 30 miles)??????(up to 70
  Mbps)
• ?????????????

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2020/11/2
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(1) WiMAX ??

• ??????? WiMAX ???? WiMAX
• ??? WiMAX
• ? 802.16-2004 (IEEE 802.16d) ??,2004 ?? IEEE ???
• ??? WiMAX
• ? 802.16-2005 (IEEE 802.16e) ??,2005? IEEE
  ?????????? 3GPP?

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(2) WiMAX Forum ??

• WiMAX Forum
• ????IEEE802.16?????
• ????
• ???????,?????????????????????????IEEE 802.16???
• ????
• Alcatel?ATT?????????(Fujitsu)?NOKIA?MOTO?Intel?SA
  MSUNG ?LG,?????????????

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(2) ??????
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2020/11/2
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(2) IEEE 802.16 ????
standard 802.16 802.16d-2004 802.16e 802.16j 802.16m
???? ????? (??????) ????? (??????) ????? ????? ?????
???? Last Mile Backhaul Last Mile Backhaul Mobile Device Mobile Device Mobile Device
?? 1066GHz (SCM) 211GHz (OFDM, OFDMA) 26 GHz (OFDMA) 26 GHz (OFDMA) 26 GHz (4x4 MIMO-OFDMA)
???? LOS NLOS NLOS NLOS NLOS
???? 32134 Mbps 75 Mbps 35 Mbps gt35 Mbps 350 Mbps
???? QPSK?16QAM?64QAM QPSK?16QAM?64QAM QPSK?16QAM?64QAM QPSK?16QAM?64QAM QPSK?16QAM?64QAM
??/ ??? ??? ??? ??? (60120 km/h) ??? (60120 km/h) ??? (350 Km/h)
???? 13 Mile 46Mile (??30Mile) 13 Mile 13 Mile 13 Mile
?1mile 1.6Km, LOS (Line of Sight)
??????????
2020/11/2
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Outline

• WiMAX ??
• ??, WiMAX Forum??, ????, 802.16 ????
• IEEE 802.16 ??????
• PMP architecture, Relay architecture, MESH
  architecture
• IEEE 802.16 MAC layer
• CS?CPS?PS????, QoS ??, Handoff ??, ????
• IEEE 802.16 Physical layer
• TDD FDD, ??, OFDM OFDMA, Frame structure
• 3GPP LTE ??
• ????
• ????
• WiMAX?????

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(4) IEEE 802.16 ??????

• ???????????
• IEEE 802.16 ?? 3?????
• 1) ??????(Point-to-multipoint, PMP)
• IEEE 802.16d/e
• 2) ??????(Relay architecture)
• IEEE 802.16j
• 3) ??????(Mesh architecture)
• IEEE 802.16d

WiMAX Network Architectures
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(4) ????????(PMP Architecture)

• ???
• IEEE 802.16d?802.16e standards
• ????
• ?????????? (BS???MSSs??)
• ??????????,???
• ????????????? (up to 70 Mbps) over long distances
  (up to 30 miles)?
• ??
• ?MSSs??BS?????????,???????????
• ?MSSs???BS? (?MSS1?MSS4),??????,????????
• ????
• ??????????)???MSS?BS?????,??????? (????MSS4)?

1) The point-to-multipoint (PMP)
architecture For sparse areas, ex suburbs.
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(4) ?????? (Relay Architecture)

• ???
• IEEE 802.16j standard
• ??
• ??relay stations???MSSs???,??MSSs?????(?MSS4)??
  BS????(?MSS1 and MSS5)??????????
• ?????????????,???
• ????relay
• ???(Transparent relay)
• ??MSSs????
• ??????capacity
• ?????relay???MSSs?????(?BS??),??????
• ????(Non-transparent relay)
• ??MSS???
• ????BS?????

2) The relay architecture For dense areas,
ex downtowns, hotspots.
? .???????two-level?tree,root?BS? .????,??MS-RS
pair????spatial reuse???????
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(4) ????(Mesh Architecture)

• ???
• IEEE 802.16d standard
• ??
• ?????SS????????,?????????
• ????
• ??ad hoc,??????multi-hop,???????,?????????????
• ????
• SS??????????BS,BS?????????SS???,??routing
  tree?????SS????

3)The mesh architecture For huge areas,
ex metropolis, large islands.
??network????????????,???SS???????
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Outline

• WiMAX ??
• ??, WiMAX Forum??, ????, 802.16 ????
• IEEE 802.16 ??????
• PMP architecture, Relay architecture, MESH
  architecture
• IEEE 802.16 MAC layer
• CS?CPS?PS????, QoS ??, Handoff ??, ????
• IEEE 802.16 Physical layer
• TDD FDD, ??, OFDM OFDMA, Frame structure
• 3GPP LTE ??
• ????
• ????
• WiMAX?????

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(5) IEEE 802.16 MAC layer

• IEEE 802.16 MAC ??????
• 1) ???? (Service-specific Convergence Sublayer,
  CS)
• 2) ???? (Common Part Sublayer, CPS)
• 3) ???? (Security Sublayer, SS)
• 1) ???? (CS),??
• I) ??(Classification)
• ???????????(Service Data Units,
  SDU)????????????(Protocol Data Unit,
  PDU),??????(Service Flow)????????(Connection
  ID)???????
• Note
• ??????????????(service flow),???????(video
  stream)?????(file transfer)?
• ???(service flow)??????????????(Quality of
  Service, QoS)???,?BS???
• II) ????(Payload Header Suppression, PHS)
• ?????????????????,?IPTV stream?
• ?????????????,????????????,?IP??????

? IEEE 802.16?MAC?
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(5) IEEE 802.16 MAC layer

• IEEE 802.16 MAC ??????
• 1) ???? (Service-specific Convergence Sublayer,
  CS)
• 2) ???? (Common Part Sublayer, CPS)
• 3) ???? (Security Sublayer, SS)
• 2) ????(CPS)
• MAC????
• ?????MAC??,??????????????????????????????
• 3) ????(SS)
• ????,???????????????,???????????????????
• ?????????????,??????????

? IEEE 802.16?MAC?
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(5) QoS ?? (QoS service classes)

• ?????????????,WiMAX???5?QoS????
• (1) ??????? (UGS)
• ?????????????????Constant bit rate???(Real-time)?
  ??
• ???T1/E1?????????????VoIP???
• ????
• ??????(maximum sustained rate)?????????jitter
  (maximum latency and tolerated jitter)?
• ??
• ??MSS?SS?????????????????,????????????????????????
  
• ??
• ???????????????,????????

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(5) QoS ?? (QoS service classes)

• (2) ??????? (real-time polling service, rtPS)
• ????????????????????variable bit rate
  (VBR)???,?MPEG (Moving pictures Experts
  Group)???????
• ????
• ??????(maximum sustained rate)????????jitter
  (maximum latency and tolerated jitter),??????(mini
  mum reserved rate)?
• ??????
• BS??????(Unicast Polling) ??MSS????
• ????????,???????????
• ????????????????

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(5) QoS ?? (QoS service classes)

• (3) ????????? (extended real-time polling
  service, ertPS)
• ???????????VoIP (VoIP with silence
  suppression)??,????silence period?,???traffic?
• ??????BS?????????????????????
• (4) ???????? (non-real-time polling service,
  nrtPS)
• ???????????????,?FTP (File Transmission
  Protocols) ??
• ??????BS?????????
• (5) ??????? (Best effort service, BE)
• ???????????,?HTTP (Hyper Text Transmission
  Protocol)???
• ?????????? (????????QoS??,??????BE?????)

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(5) ????(Power Saving Mechanism)

• ?????????????,???????????
• ??????
• ????(Idle Mode)
• ???????????????????/?
• ????????????????????
• ??????????(Paging)?????(Location
  Update),????????????
• ????(Sleep Mode)
• ????????????,??????????
• ??????????,????(sleep),????(listen)
• ??(sleep) ?????????(Sleep Window),???/???
• ??(listen)?????????(Listening Window),??/????
• ????(Sleep Cycle)??????????????
• ????MSS????????(Req)?BS,BS?????????????(Rsp)?MSS?
  MSS??BS?????????,???????????????
• ??3???

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(5) ????(Power Saving Mechanism)

• ???? (?)
• ???????????????????????????,?nrtPS?BE??
• ???????????(Initial Sleep Window)???????(
  Maximum Sleep Window)
• ????
• MSS????????BS???,???????????,??????????????
• MSS????????BS???,????????????????

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(5) ????(Power Saving Mechanism)

• ???? (?)
• ??????????????,????????????????,?UGS ? rtPS???
• ??????????????
• ????
• MSS????????BS???,????????????/?,?/??????????????
• MSS????????BS???,??????,????

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(5) ????(Power Saving Mechanism)

• ???? (?)
• ?????????????????????????? (Periodic Ranging)????
  ???
• ?????????
• ????
• ??????????,????????????

????? (?) ??????
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(5) ????(Power Saving Mechanism)

• Summary
• ??MSS??????,???????????????
• ?MSS????????????????,?????????(Transmitter)
  ????(Receiver)?????
• ??,????????????????????????,??????????????

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(5) ????(Handoff Mechanism)

• Handoff??
• ????????(mobility access)
• ??????(Simple Mobility Access)
• ???/????( 60km/h 120 km/h),
• ?????( Hard-Handoffs)??,????????????????????????
• ??????(Fully Mobility Access)
• ????(gt120??)
• ?????(Soft-Handoffs)???

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Outline

• WiMAX ??
• ??, WiMAX Forum??, ????, 802.16 ????
• IEEE 802.16 ??????
• PMP architecture, Relay architecture, MESH
  architecture
• IEEE 802.16 MAC layer
• CS?CPS?PS????, QoS ??, Handoff ??, ????
• IEEE 802.16 Physical layer
• TDD FDD, ??, OFDM OFDMA, Frame structure
• 3GPP LTE ??
• ????
• ????
• WiMAX?????

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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• ?????MAC???????????,????????????
• ??????
• ????(Time-Division Duplex, TDD)
• ???????????(Uplink)?????(Downlink)??
• ??????
• ???????????????????????(Transmit/Receive
  Transition, TTG)?????????(Receive/Transmit
  Transition, RTG),????????/????
• ????(Frequency-Division Duplex, FDD)
• ???????????(Uplink)?????(Downlink)??
• ?????????
• ??????

?????(FDD)
? ????(TDD)
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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• ??3????? (Frame Duration)5 ms?10 ms?20 ms (5
  ms???)
• ?????????
• OFDM??
• ?????Mesh????
• ??????(NLOS)??,??SS??????subcarrier
• ????????TDMA,BS????time-slot???
• OFDMA??
• ??PMP?Relay??,???????
• ????????MSSs????subcarreir?/???,????MSS?power,???
  ????

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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• ???? (Modulation and coding schemes, MCSs)
• ????QPSK (Quaternary Phase Shift Keying)?16
  QAM(16-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation?64 QAM
  (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)
• ??
• ??SNR?????????
• ?????????????(Symbol Time)??????????

???? ???? ??? ?????/????(bits/symbol) SNR???
1 QPSK 1/2 1.0 6 dBm
2 QPSK 3/4 1.5 8.5 dBm
3 16QAM 1/2 2.0 11.5 dBm
4 16QAM 3/4 3.0 15 dBm
5 64QAM 2/3 4.0 19 dBm
6 64QAM 3/4 4.5 21 dBm

• ? IEEE 802.16?????????

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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• PMP????????(Frame structure)
• 2????frequency domain?subchannel ?time
  domain?time-slot??
• ??frame??uplink subframe?downlink subframe
• ??downlink subframe,??
• Preamble (??time synchronization)
• Control portion
• ??downlink map (DL-MAP)?uplink map (UL_MAP)
• ????donwlink?uplink?????
• Data portion
• ????bursts
• Burst????MSS??????,???????
• ??uplink subframe??data portion
• Uplink?burst???????

?PMP????????
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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• PMP????????(Frame structure)
• ??burst
• ?????(MCS),??information element (IE)????????
• ??IE
• ??60bits(??????QPSK1/2),?5/4?slot
• ??IE?burst??downlink subframe,???IEs???????????

?PMP????????
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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• Relay????????(Frame structure)
• 2??? (??,??OFDMA??)
• ???frame??BS frame,??RS frame,??????
• BS frame
• ?downlink subframe,BS-MSS/RS region???burst?????MS
  Ss?RSs
• ?uplink subframe,MSS-BS?RS-BS region???burst?MSS?R
  S?????BS?
• RS frame
• ?downlink subframe,RS-MSS region???downlink
  burst?RS?????MSSs
• ?uplink subframe,MSS-RS region???bursts?MSS??RS???
  ??BS

?Relay????????(Frame structure)
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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• Relay????????(Frame structure)
• ??RS???bufferless
• RS?MSS?BS???????????frame???BS?MSS?
• ?????Burst(MSS1-RS1)???MSS-RS region,???????burst
  (RS1-BS)???RS-BS region?
• Burst?????
• ???RS-MSS?MSS-RS regions?bursts?????,??spatial
  reuse
• ????burst??BS-MSS/RS region????,?BS?RS???????

??????? (Relay Architecture)
?Relay????????(Frame structure)
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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• Mesh????????(Frame structure)
• 1??? (???OFDM),???????mini-slot
• ???????frame
• Type-1 frame (???network control subframe???data
  subframe)
• ????network ????
• network control subframe
• ????
• ????????,?network topology????
• data subframe
• ??SS?bursts
• guard timeburst?????????????????????burst???burst
  ??propagation????????????,????transmission
  overhead

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(6) IEEE 802.16 Physical layer

• Mesh????????(Frame structure)
• Type-2 frame (???schedule subframe???data
  subframe)
• ??????
• schedule subframe
• ????
• ??scheduling information,??/???,?burst???mini-slo
  t??
• data subframe??
• ??
• Guard time????,???network performance???
• ??????overhead?????????

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Outline

• WiMAX ??
• ??, WiMAX Forum??, ????, 802.16 ????
• IEEE 802.16 ??????
• PMP architecture, Relay architecture, MESH
  architecture
• IEEE 802.16 MAC layer
• CS?CPS?PS????, QoS ??, Handoff ??, ????
• IEEE 802.16 Physical layer
• TDD FDD, ??, OFDM OFDMA, Frame structure
• 3GPP LTE ??
• ????
• ????
• WiMAX?????

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(7) 3GPP LTE-A????

• PMP architecture
• Relay architectures

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(8) LTE-A????(Power Saving Mechanism)

• MechanismDiscontinuous Reception/Transmission
  (DRX/DTX)
• Two kinks of cycles, (a cycle with one listen
  window and one sleep window )
• Short Cycle
• Long Cycle
• Two kinks of timers (s-timer, l-timer)

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(8) LTE-A????(Power Saving Mechanism)
The Operation of DRX short cycle
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(8) LTE-A????(Power Saving Mechanism)
The trigger of DRX long cycle
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• Thank You.
• Q A