Contact: (Dr. Ashraf Aboshosha)

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SCADA Programming
Prepared by Eng. Mohamed Hassan Supervised by
Dr. Ashraf Aboshosha

• Contact (Dr. Ashraf Aboshosha)
• www.icgst.com, www.icgst-amc.com
• editor_at_icgst.com
• Tel. [phone]
• Fax. [phone]

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Introduction

• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
  systems are used to monitor and control a plant
  or equipment in industries such as
  telecommunications, water and waste control,
  energy, oil and gas refining, and Transportation
  (airport, traffic control, rails)
• These systems encompass the transfer of data
  between a SCADA central host computer and a
  number of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) and/or
  Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and the
  central host and the operator terminals

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Introduction

• A SCADA system gathers information (such as where
  a leak on a pipeline has occurred), transfers the
  information back to a central site, then alerts
  the home station that a leak has occurred,
  carrying out necessary analysis and control, such
  as determining if the leak is critical, and
  displaying the information in a logical and
  organized fashion
• These systems can be relatively simple, such as
  monitoring environmental conditions of a small
  office building, or very complex, such as a
  system that monitors all the activity in a
  nuclear power plant or the activity of a
  municipal water system

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Introduction

• SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)
  System

• History
• Why SCADA?
• Definition of SCADA

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History

• Egyptian supervisory
• First half of the 20th century
• Development from telemetry system
• Weather predictions
• Rail road tracks
• Two way system
• 1960s idea for supervisory
• 1970s radio system

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Why SCADA?

• Saves Time and Money
• Less traveling for workers (e.g. helicopter
  ride)
• Reduces man-power needs
• Increases production efficiency of a company
• Cost effective for power systems
• Saves energy
• Reliable
• Supervisory control over a particular system

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What is SCADA?

• Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
• Supervisory
• Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc
• Control
• Monitoring
• Limited
• Telemetry
• Remote/Local
• Data acquisition
• Access and acquire information or data from the
  equipment
• Sends it to different sites through telemetry
• Analog / Digital

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Use Case Diagram for SCADA System

• Description The goal is to supervise, control,
  monitor and acquire data for critical
  infrastructure systems, operate from remote end
  and ensure security and safety
• Actors
• Field Devices
• Local Control Center (LCC)
• Remote Telemetry Units (RTU)
• Master / Central Control Terminal Unit (MTU)
• Operator
• Supervisor

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Use Cases

• System Shut Down / Startup
• Gather Field Information
• Perform Local Control
• Transfer Field Information
• Manage Field Information
• Perform Remote Control
• Analyze System State
• Schedule Task
• Balance Load
• Adjust Settings
• Check Status
• Manage Logging

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SCADA System
Gather Field Information
Perform Local Control
Transfer Information
Manage Field Information
ltltincludegtgt
Perform Remote Control
Analyze System State
Operator
Schedule Task
Balance Load
Supervisor
Adjust Settings
System Startup/ Shutdown
Check Status
Manage Logging
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Pre Conditions for SCADA System

• The operator is logged in.
• The system is real time system.

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Layers
Application Layer
System Startup/Shutdown
Check Status
Adjust Settings
Perform Control
System Level
HMI
Printers
GPS
Routers
Switches
Communication System
Transport Layer
ModBus
IEC 61850
DNP 3
Ethernet TCP/IP
Protocols
Distribution Layer
Data Gathering
RTU
IED
Bay Control Units
Hardware Layer
Field Devices
Actuators
Sensors
Field Device Units
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Layer Pattern

• SCADA system being highly complex and
  distributed, it is important to understand SCADA
  in Terms of Layers for simplicity as shown in
  Figure above. The intent, forces, advantages for
  the layer Patterns are the same. However here we
  apply this pattern on the real physical system.
• Layer 1 It is the field Units, considering the
  Generation, Transmission and Distribution at one
  place, we have all the process controls, I/Os,
  status, metering, measuring values, etc. It also
  includes local control. 
• Layer 2 The field values, I/O analog, digital,
  measuring and other commands, operations, are
  taken to RTUs, IEDs, PLCs, BCUs, and other I/O
  cards to communicate to higher end.

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Layer Pattern

• Layer 3 This includes all the communication
  cables, protocol architecture required for higher
  end communication interfaced with all field
  signals. It is the backbone in the modern control
  centers, which has immensely reduced physical
  wiring, big marshalling and increased the
  reliability and more improved quality signals.
  Today latest protocols like IEC 61850, Modbus and
  other proprietary protocols are used.
• Layer 4 This includes the Control centre
  equipped with dynamic changing states of the
  system displayed on HMI, which is powerful to
  read values, prompt and diagnosis system change
  and with a click on HMI, to carry out operations.
  
•  Layer 5 Connection with the outside world using
  Internet and various new technology related to
  mobile / cell phone operations.

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More Patterns

• We can apply more patterns
• Broker (Inter substation control)
• Client Sever Dispatch (Between Main system
  and operator console)
• Web Services (Internet Control)
• Model View Controller (HMI)
• Three-tier
• Unified Physical Access Control to
• Buildings and information

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Classifications

• Anatomy of a SCADA system?
• Elements of SCADA
• Levels of SCADA
• Where is SCADA used?
• Different applications of SCADA systems?
• What types of SCADA are there?
• Component manufacturers and system manufacturers
  of the SCADA systems?
• Automation Solutions
• Software
• Hardware

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Elements of SCADA

• Elements of a SCADA system
• Sensors and actuators
• RTUs/PLCs
• Communication
• MTU
• Front End Processor
• SCADA server
• Historical/Redundant/Safety Server
• HMI computer
• HMI software

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Sensors

• Types of sensors
• Pressure sensors
• Temperature sensors
• Light sensors
• Humidity sensors
• Wind speed sensors
• Water level sensors
• Distance sensors

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Actuators

• Actuators
• Valves
• Pumps
• Motors

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RTUs

• RTU Remote Terminal Unit
• Intelligent to control a process and multiple
  processes
• Data logging and alarm handling
• Expandable
• Asks the field devices for information
• Can control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device)
• Slave/Master device

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Alarms

• Types of alarms
• Good alarms
• Critical failure alarms

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Safety instrumented systems

• Actions
• Override the normal control system
• Take over the actuators

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PLCs

• PLC Programmable Logic Controller
• Ladder logic
• Industrial computer that replaced relays
• Not a protocol converter
• Cannot control IEDs
• Communication compatibilities
• Takes actions based on its inputs

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Communication

• Communication systems
• Switched Telephone Network
• Leased lines
• Private Network (LAN/RS-485)
• Internet
• Wireless Communication systems
• Wireless LAN
• Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)
  Network
• Radio modems

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Communication

• Protocols
• MODBUS
• DNP 3.0
• Fieldbus
• Controller Area Network (CAN)
• Profibus
• DirectNet
• TCP/IP
• Ethernet

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Front End Processor

• Front End Processor
• Gathers all communications and converts them
  into SCADA friendly communication
• Communication interface between several RTU
  channels and the host Master Station computer

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SCADA server

• SCADA Server
• It can be a Web server
• Data logging
• Analyzing data
• Serve the clients through a firewall
• Clients connected in the corporation or
  connected outside through internet
• Real-time decision maker
• Asks RTU for information

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Historical server

• Historical/Safety/Redundant Server
• Logs the data from the SCADA server and
  stores it as a backup, in case of a disaster
• It is basically a safety server

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HMI Computer

• Human Machine Interface Computer
• Access on the SCADA Server
• Control the system
• Operator Interface
• Software
• User friendly
• Programmable (C, C)

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DCS

• DCS Distributed Control System
• Process oriented tendency to do something
• Not event oriented does not depend on
  circumstances
• Local control over the devices
• Subordinate to SCADA

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Levels of SCADA

• Four levels of SCADA system
• Level IV - Enterprise
• Corporate LAN/WAN
• World Wide Web
• Virtual Private Network
• Firewall for remote users
• Level III SCADA / MTU
• Operator Workstations
• Control
• Engineering Workstations
• Servers Data logging

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Levels of SCADA

• Four levels of SCADA system
• Level II Telecommunication
• Fiber
• Radio
• Telephone leased line
• Protocols
• Level I Field
• Devices
• RTUs / PLCs
• Sensors

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Level IV - Enterprise
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Level III - SCADA
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Level II and I

• Telecommunication and Field

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Where is SCADA used?

• Main SCADA applications

• Water and Wastewater
• Power
• Oil and Gas
• Research facilities
• Transportation
• Security systems
• Siren systems
• Irrigation
• Communication control

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Buildings, facilities and environments Facility
managers use SCADA to control HVAC, refrigeration
units, lighting and entry systems.
Electric power generation, transmission and
distribution Electric utilities detect current
flow and line voltage, to monitor the operation
of circuit breakers, and to take sections of the
power grid online or offline.
Manufacturing manage parts inventories for
just-in-time manufacturing, regulate industrial
automation and robots, and monitor process and
quality control.
Mass transit regulate electricity to subways,
trams and trolley buses to automate traffic
signals for rail systems to track and locate
trains and buses and to control railroad
crossing gates.
Water and sewage State and municipal water
utilities use SCADA to monitor and regulate water
flow, reservoir levels, pipe pressure and other
factors.
Traffic signals regulates traffic lights,
controls traffic flow and detects out-of-order
signals.
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SCADA examples

• SCADA examples
• Gas control systems
• Water control systems
• Power systems

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Gas SCADA
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Water SCADA
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Power SCADA
power
control
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SCADA system types

• Three types of basic SCADA systems
• Basic SCADA
• One machine process
• One RTU and MTU
• Integrated SCADA
• Multiple RTUs
• DCS
• Networked SCADA
• Multiple SCADA

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Basic SCADA

• Car manufacturing robot
• Room temperature control

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Integrated SCADA

• Water systems
• Subway systems
• Security systems

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Networked SCADA

• Power systems
• Communication systems

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Automation solutions

• SCADA system manufacturers
• Modular SCADA, UK
• MOSCAD, Motorola
• Rockwell Automation
• ABCO
• ABB
• Lantronix

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SCADA Hardware

• SCADA Hardware manufacturers
• Rockwell Allen Bradley
• General Electric (GE)
• Emerson
• Schneider Electric

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SCADA Software

• SCADA Software manufacturers
• Intellution (Fix 32)
• Iconics (Genesis32 v7.0)
• Wonderware (InTouch)
• Citect (CitectSCADA 5.42)
• National Instruments (Lookout SCADA)

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End
Thank you