Title: The Northern Renaissance
1The Northern Renaissance
2Printing Press (c. 1456)
- Johann Gutenberg spread of humanistic
literature to rest of Europe. - By 1480, 380 printing presses in Europe (1000 by
1500)
3Christian Humanism
- Attempted to find a balance between religious and
secular concerns - Rejected the otherworldliness of the Middle
Ages. - Emphasis on early church writings for answers to
improve society.
4Christian Humanist Writers
- Desiderius Erasmus (Erasmus of Rotterdam)
(1466-1536) In Praise of Folly most famous
intellectual of his times, criticized the church
Erasmus lay the egg that Luther hatched
5Christian Humanist Writers
- Thomas More (1478-1536) Utopia creates ideal
society on an island but to achieve harmony and
order people have to sacrifice individual rights
6Christian Humanist Writers
- Jacques Lefevre dEtables (1454-1536) leading
French humanist produced 5 versions of the
Psalms that challenged a single authoritative
Bible. - Francesco Ximenes de Cisneros (1436-1517)
reformed Spanish clergy and church, Grand
Inquisitor of the Spanish Inquisition
7Northern Renaissance Arts
- Low Countries (Dutch Republic, Flanders and parts
of Germany, etc) produced especially important
artists. - Jan and Hubert Van Eyck
- First successful use of oil painting
- Worked mainly in Ghent, Belgium.
8Jan Van Eyck- Adoration of the Lamb
9Jan Van Eyck Arnolfini Marriage
10Peter Brueghel (1520-1569)
- Focused on lives of ordinary people.
- Painted great landscapes
- Also worked on religious subjects
- Completed most of his work in Antwerp and Brussels
11Peter Brueghel Peasant Wedding
12Peter Brueghel The Tower of Babel
13Albrecht Durer (1471-1528)
- German foremost northern Renaissance artist
- Famous for woodcuts and engravings.
- Paintings include a number of self protraits
14Albrecht Durer The Last Supper
15Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543)
- Son of Gothic artist.
- German painter who studied in Italy
- Painted portraits of Erasmus, Thomas More, King
Henry VIII, his wives, and Mary Tudor
16Hans Holbein The Ambassadors
17Hans Holbein Henry VIII
18Domenikos El Greco (1541-1614) painter mannerism
19Vernacular Writers
- France
- Francois Rabelais (1494-1553) Gargantua and
Pantagruel - Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) Essays relativist
in religion and morality
20Vernacular Writers
- England
- Edmund Spenser
- Christopher Marlowe
- William Shakespeare
- Ben Jonson
21Vernacular Writers
- Spain
- Miguel de Cervantes
- Felix Lope de Vega