Title: Properties of Matter Andrew Jackson Duran Junior High Lesson
1Properties of Matter
- Andrew Jackson
- Duran Junior High
2Lesson 1 Our Ideas About Matter
- You will perform a circuit of eight inquiries to
observe how matter behaves. The inquiries
involve the following different states of
matter, changes of state, mass and volume,
floating and sinking, thermal expansion,
mixtures, solubility and insolubility, and
chemical reactions.
3Lesson 1
Question
4Lesson 1
Conclusion
- Matter - the physical material that has mass and
occupies space. - Air is a gas.
- Air and gases are forms of matter even though
they are invisible. - The shape of an object does not affect its mass.
- Some matter is soluble in water.
- All liquids are not water or do not contain
water. - Temperature change affects the volume of air.
- Some liquids do not mix (immiscible).
5Lesson 1 (1-3)
Vocabulary
- 1. matter - the physical material that has mass
and occupies space - 2. expansion - the increase in the volume of
matter that occurs when matter is heated. - 3. contraction - decrease in volume of matter
when matter is cooled. - 4. dissolving - the process that takes place
when a solvent is mixed with a solute to make a
solution. - 5. immiscible - liquids that are unable to
dissolve in one another. - 6. miscible - liquids are able to dissolve in
one another.
6Lesson 1 - (2-3)
Vocabulary
- 7. density - the mass of a known volume of a
substance measured in g/cm3 - 8. chemical reaction - any change that involves
the formation of a new substance has reactants
and products. - 9. mass - the amount of matter in an object
measured in g or kg. - 10. volume - the amount of space occupied matter
measured in L, mL, cm3, or m3. - 11. burning - a rapid chemical reaction between a
substance and a gas that produces heat and light.
Most burning or combustion takes place in the
air and has oxygen as one of its reactants.
7Lesson 1 (3-3)
Vocabulary
- 12. solid - a phase or state of matter in which
a substance has definite shape and volume. - 13. liquid - a state or phase of matter in which
a substance has a definite volume but no definite
shape. Liquids take the shape of the container
they occupy. - 14. mixture - two or more elements or compounds
that are mixed together but are not chemically
combined. - 15. physical property - all the characteristic
properties of a substance except those that
determine how it behaves in a chemical
reaction.
8Lesson 2 Determining Density
- You will use mass and volume measurements to
calculate the densities of water, regular shaped
objects, and irregular shaped objects.
9Lesson 2
Question
- How do you calculate mass, volume, and density?
- What does density measure?
10Lesson 2
Hypothesis
11Lesson 2
Procedure
12Lesson 2
Results
13 14 - 2.2
- Comparing the Densities of Different Substances
15 - 2.3
- Comparing the Densities of Different Substances
16Lesson 2 -
Conclusion
- Density is calculated by dividing the mass by the
volume measured in grams per cubic centimeter
(g/cm3). - Mass is the amount of matter in an object
measured in grams. (quantity) - Volume is the amount of space taken up by an
object measured in mL or cm3. (space) - Different objects made of the same material will
have the same density. (characteristic property) - Changing the amount of a substance does not
change the density of the substance. - Mass is not affected by shape.
- Density is a characteristic property of matter.
- Characteristic property - property that is
independent of mass, volume, and shape..
17Lesson 2 -
(1-2)
Vocabulary
- 16. density - the mass of a known volume of a
substance measured in g/cm3. - 17. weight - a measure of the force of gravity.
- 18. mass - the amount of matter in an object
measured in g or kg. - 19. gram - a metric unit used to measure mass
- 20. volume - the amount of space occupied by
matter measured in L, mL, cm3, or m3.
18Lesson 2 - (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 21. solid - a phase or state of matter in which
a substance has definite shape and volume. - 22. characteristic property - an attribute that
can be used to help identify a substance not
affected by the mass, volume, or shape of a
substance refers to substances, not
objects.
19Lesson 3 Density Predictions
- You will predict whether the blocks you
investigated in Inq. 2.2 will float or sink.
After finding the density of three liquids, you
will predict the order in which the liquids will
layer when you build a density column. You will
calculate and predict whether objects will float
or sink in the density column.
20Lesson 3 -
Question
- How can you accurately predict if an object will
float or sink when placed in a liquid?
21Lesson 3
Hypothesis
22Lesson 3
Procedure
23Lesson 3
Results
24- L3 Results of Floating Sinking Observations
25 26Lesson 3 -
Conclusion
- Liquids and solids have density.
- Density can be used to predict whether an object
will float or sink. - An object or substance floats when its density is
less than that of the liquid in which it is
placed. - An object or substance sinks when its density is
more than that of the liquid in which it is
placed. - Some liquids are immiscible (insoluble in one
another.)
27Lesson 3 -
Vocabulary
- 23. immiscible - liquids that are unable to
dissolve in one another. - 24. miscible - liquids that are able to dissolve
in one another. - 25. liquid - a state or phase of matter in which
a substance has a definite volume but no definite
shape takes shape of the container it occupies. - 26. density - the mass of a known volume of a
- substance measured in g/cm3 (m/v)
- 27. floating - matter is less dense than
substance it is in - 28. sinking - matter is more dense than
substance it is in
28Lesson 4 Do Gases Have Density
- You will determine the mass, volume, and density
of a bottle of air.
29Lesson 4 -
Question
30Lesson 4
Hypothesis
31Lesson 4
Procedure
32Lesson 4
Results
33 - L4 Finding the Density of Air
34Lesson 4
Conclusion
- Gases have mass, volume, and density.
- Air is less dense than liquids and solids
35Lesson 4 -
Vocabulary
- 29. vacuum - space without matter.
- 30. density - the mass of a known volume
- of a substance usually measured in
- g/cm3. (m/v)
- 31. gas - a state or phase of matter in
- which a substance has no definite
- shape or volume
-
36Lesson 5 Temperature Density
- You will investigate the effect of temperature on
the volume of matter by building and calibrating
a thermometer filled with water. After
constructing the liquid-filled thermometer, you
will replace the water with air. You will also
observe the effect of heat on a bimetal strip
37Lesson 5
Question
- What is the relationship between temperature,
heat, and density?
38Lesson 5
Hypothesis
39Lesson 5
Procedure
40Lesson 5
Results
41- L5
- Draw your design for a thermometer.
- Temperature of cold water bath ______
- Temperature of hot water bath _______
- Difference between the two temperatures____
- Distance between the two marks on tubing___
42Lesson 5 -
Conclusion
- Heat is a form of energy that can move from a hot
place to a cooler place (measured in joules). - Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy of
particles of matter (measured by a thermometer in
degrees Celsius). - Density changes with temperature
- As temperature increases, density will decrease
and volume will increase (mass stays the same). - expansion
- As temperature decreases, density will increase
and volume will decrease (mass stays the same). - contraction
- Gas or liquid-filled thermometers work as the
result of expansion or contraction.
43 Lesson 5 (1-3)
Vocabulary
- 32. heat - a form of energy that can move from a
hot place to a cooler place the transfer of
energy from one body to another. - 33. temperature - a measure of the kinetic energy
of the particles that make up matter the
measurement of how hot something is. - 34. Celsius - a temperature scale with the
melting point of ice at 0 degrees and the boiling
point of water at 100 degrees.
44Lesson 5
(2-3)
Vocabulary
- 35. Fahrenheit - a temperature scale with the
melting point of ice at 32 degrees and the
boiling point of water at 212 degrees. - 36. Kelvin - a temperature scale with the lowest
possible temperature at the zero point, which is
called absolute zero ice melts at 273 K. - 37. calibrate - set measure to scale
- 38. density - the mass of a known volume of a
substance measured in g/cm3.
45Lesson 5 (3-3)
Vocabulary
- 39. expansion - the increase in the volume of
matter that occurs when matter is heated. - 40. freeze - the change in state in which a
liquid turns into a solid. - 41. volume - the amount of space occupied by
matter measured in L, mL, cm3, and m3.
46Lesson 6 Applying the Heat
- You will heat pure substances and observe and
classify changes that occur.
47Lesson 6
Question
- How does heat affect solid substances?
48Lesson 6
Hypothesis
49Lesson 6
Procedure
50Lesson 6
Results
51- L6 Results - Heating substances
52Lesson 6
Conclusion
- Physical and chemical changes result from the
application of heat. - The way a substance behaves when it is heated is
a characteristic property of that substance. - Sublimation, evaporation, and condensation are
caused when heat energy overcomes the forces that
hold a solid together or keep a liquid in a fluid
state. - Heating may cause a chemical change, phase
change, or no change at all. - When cooling occurs after heating, changes in
substances may be reversible or irreversible. - If a chemical reaction occurs, new substances
with different observable properties are formed.
- Chemical reactions have reactants and
products..
53Lesson 6
(1-2)
Vocabulary
- 42. chemical reaction - a change in which new
substances are formed has reactants and
products. - 43. reactant - the starting substances in a
chemical reaction. - 44. product - a substance formed by a chemical
reaction. - 45. physical change - reversible through
physical means and do not involve the formation
of new substances no change in chemical
properties. - 46. chemical change - not readily reversible and
do involve the formation of new substances with
different properties.
54Lesson 6 (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 47. sublimation - physical change in which a
substance goes directly from a solid to a gas and
then back to a solid. - 48. evaporation - the change of a substance from
a liquid to a gas - 49. condensation - the change of state from a gas
to a liquid..
55Lesson 7 Just A Phase
- As ice is heated, you will observe the phase
changes that occur. You will also observe
melting and boiling points.
56Lesson 7
Question
- How does heat affect phase changes?
57Lesson 7
Hypothesis
Hypothesis
58Lesson 7
Procedure
59Lesson 7
Results
60 61 Lesson 7
Conclusion
- Phase changes are dependent on temperature and
pressure. - Three phases or states of matter solid, liquid,
gas - Phase changes take place when molecules lose or
gain kinetic energy (heat energy) and can be
related to a change in temperature. - Lose kinetic energy molecules move
- closer (gas gt liquid gt
solid). - Gain kinetic energy molecules move
- apart (solid gt liquid gt gas)
- A change of state is not the result of a chemical
reaction.
62 Lesson 7 -
Conclusion
- The melting point and boiling point of a
substance is a characteristic property of the
substance. - Freezing and melting points are the same.
- An increased input of heat has no effect on the
boiling point of a substance, although it will
make a fixed mass of matter change state faster. - Substances that boil are not always hot. Many
substances melt and boil below 0 degrees C...
63Lesson 7
(1-2)
Vocabulary
- 50. solid - a phase or state of matter in
which a substance has definite shape and volume
particles are closely packed. - 51. liquid - a state of phase of matter in
which a substance has a definite volume but no
definite shape takes the shape of the container. - 52. gas - a state or phase of matter in which
a substance has no definite shape or volume
particles have more kinetic energy than particles
in liquid and solid. - melting - the phase change in which a solid turns
into a liquid. - 54 . melting point - the temperature at which a
solid turns into a liquid the same temperature
as freezing point altered by changes in
pressure.
64Lesson 7 (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 55. freezing - the change in state in which a
liquid turns into a solid. - 56. boiling - the process by which a liquid
changes into a gas at its boiling point. - 57 boiling point - the temperature at which a
liquid changes into a gas boiling point depends
on air pressure. - 58. evaporate - to change from a liquid to a
gas at the surface of a liquid at or below the
boiling point. - 59. condense - changing from a gas to a liquid
65Lesson 8 Changing Matter and Mass
- You will determine what happens to the mass of
ice when it melts and water when it freezes.
66Lesson 8 -
Question
- What happens to the mass of water when it changes
from a solid to a liquid and a liquid to a solid?
67Lesson 8
Hypothesis
68Lesson 8
Procedure
69Lesson 8
Results
70- 8.1 Determining a Change in Mass
71- L8 Determing a Change in Mass
72Lesson 8 -
Conclusion
- Mass is conserved during phase changes
73Lesson 8 -
Vocabulary
- 60. law of conservation of mass - mass is neither
created or destroyed the total mass of all
substances remains the same regardless of any
changes in phase or chemical reactions that
occur. - 61. evaporate - to change from a liquid to a
gas at or below the boiling point - 62. freeze - the change in state in which a
liquid turns into a solid. - 63. mass - the amount of matter in an object
measured in g or kg. - 64. phase - solids, liquids, and gases are three
phases or states of matter.
74Lesson 9 The Mystery Object
- You will conduct an investigation to determine
the substance that makes up a mystery object.
75Lesson 9
Question
- How can density be used to identify an unknown
substance?
76Lesson 9
Conclusion
- Density can be used to determine the properties
of pure substances
77Lesson 9
Vocabulary
- 65. characteristic property - an attribute that
can be used to help identify a substance
not affected by the amount or shape of a
substance. - 66. composite - a material made from two or more
- substances
- 67. material - the substance from which something
- is made
- 68. density - the mass of a known volume of a
substance measured in g/cm3.
78Lesson 10 Starting the Anchor Activity
- You will select an object and describe the
following about the object - function
- history
- materials of which it is composed
- origin of one of the materials
79Lesson 10
Question
- What substances were used to compose your object
and why were these substances chosen?
80Lesson 10
Conclusion
- Raw materials must be processed before being used
in the manufacturing process. - A variety of materials are used in the
manufacturing of objects..
81Lesson 10
Vocabulary
- 69. composite - a material made from two
- or more substances
82Lesson 11 Pure Substance or Mixture
- You will examine eight different substances to
determine if they are pure substances or mixtures.
83Lesson 11
Question
- How can you determine the difference between pure
substances and mixtures?
84Lesson 11
Hypothesis
85Lesson 11
Procedure
86Lesson 11
Results
87- L11 Identifying Pure Substances or Mixtures
88Lesson 11
Conclusion
- A pure substance has definite physical and
chemical properties. - A mixture is made of two or more substances with
each substance keeping its own properties. - Solutions are mixtures.
- Compounds are not mixtures..
89 Lesson 11 (1-2)
Vocabulary
- 70. pure substance - matter that has definite
chemical and physical properties either an
element or a compound - 71. mixture - two or more elements or compounds
that are mixed together but are not chemically
combined differ in physical and chemical
properties. - 72. heterogeneous - different (poorly mixed)
- 73. homogeneous - same (well-mixed)
- 74. solution - a homogeneous mixture of a solvent
and a solute
90 Lesson 11 (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 75. characteristic property - an attribute that
can be used to help identify a - substance not affected by the amount
- or shape of a substance
- 76. material - the substance from which
- something is made
- 77. composite - a material made from two
- or more substances.
91Lesson 12 What Happens When Substances are
Mixed with Water?
- You will mix several pure substances with water
and observe what happens.
92Lesson 12 -
Question
- What property of matter determines what type of
mixture a pure substance will form when mixed
with water?
93Lesson 12
Hypothesis
94Lesson 12
Procedure
95Lesson 12
Results
96- L 12 What Happens to a Solid?
97Lesson 12
Conclusion
- Solubility is a characteristic property of
matter. - Solutions consist of a solvent and a solute.
- A solvent is the substance present in the larger
proportion in a solution. - A solute is the substance present in the smaller
proportion. - The components of a solution can be solids,
liquids, or gases. - When a solid is passed into solution, it is said
to dissolve..
98Lesson 12 - (1-3)
Vocabulary
- 78. soluble - substances that will dissolve
- 79. insoluble - substances that will not dissolve
- 80. solubility - the amount of solute that will
dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature and
pressure the ability of one substance to
dissolve in another. - 81. solvent - the substance that the solute is
dissolved in the substance present in the
larger proportion
99Lesson 12 - (2-3)
Vocabulary
- 82. solute - the substance that dissolves in a
solvent the substance in the smaller proportion
may be solids, liquids, or gases. - 83. solution - a mixture of a solvent and a
solute. - 84. aqueous solution - solution in which water is
the solvent - 85. electrolyte - conducts electricity
100Lesson 12 - (2-3)
Vocabulary
- 86. mixture - two or more elements or compounds
that are mixed together but are not chemically
combined - 87. pure substance - either an element or a
compound has definite chemical and physical
properties..
101Lesson 13 How Much Solute Dissolves in a
Solvent?
- You will make a saturated copper sulfate
solution. You will also conduct an investigation
to determine the solubility of two different
chemicals.
102Lesson 13
Question
- Are different substances equally soluble in water?
103Lesson 13
Hypothesis
104Lesson 13
Procedure
105Lesson 13
Results
106- L 13 - Determining Solubility
107Lesson 13
Conclusion
- Solubility is the amount of a solute that will
completely dissolve in a given amount of a
solvent. - Solubility is a characteristic property of
matter. - Different substance are not equally soluble in
water. - A saturated solution has the maximum amount of
solute dissolved in it. - When an unsaturated solution of a solid is
cooled, it may become saturated. - Solubility is affected by temperature. Solids
dissolved in water may increase or decrease in
solubility with the rise in temperature. Gases
always decrease in solubility with increased
temperature. - Recrystallization occurs when a solution of a
solid is cooled and some solid solute
precipitates out.
108Lesson 13 (1-2)
Vocabulary
- 88. solubility - the amount of solute that
will completely dissolve in a given amount of a
specific solvent at a given temperature and
pressure the ability of one substance to
dissolve in another - 89. solute - the substance that dissolves in a
solvent the substance in the smaller
proportion. - 90. solvent - the substance that the solute is
dissolved in the substance present in the larger
proportion.
109Lesson 13 (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 91. saturated solution - a solution that has the
maximum amount of solute dissolved in it at a
specific temperature and pressure. - 92. exothermic - heat is given off (increase in
solubility with a decrease in temp.) - 93. endothermic - heat is taken in (increase in
solubility with increase in temp.) - 94. recrystallization - occurs when an
unsaturated solution of a solid is cooled and
becomes saturated and some solid solute
precipitates out, usually as crystals..
110Lesson 14 Mass, Volume, and Dissolving
- You will use equal volumes of water and alcohol
(you will mass each one separately) and will
predict what will happen to the mass and volume
after mixing the two substances. - You will also conduct an investigation to
determine what happens to the mass of salt when
it is dissolved in water.
111Lesson 14
Question
- What happens to the mass and volume of one type
of matter when it is dissolved in another type of
matter? - Is the volume and mass of a solution different
from the combined volume and combined mass of the
two separate substances that make up the
solution?
112Lesson 14
Hypothesis
113Lesson 14
Procedure
114Lesson 14
Results
115- 14.1 Mixing Water and Alcohol
116- 14.2 Dissolving a Solid Measuring Mass
117Lesson 14
Conclusion
- Water has space between the molecules that allows
soluble substances to occupy that space. - The combined volume of a separate solvent and a
solute is greater than that of the solution they
form. - Mass, not volume, is conserved during dissolving.
118Lesson 14
Vocabulary
- 95. solubility - the ability of one substance
to dissolve in another at a given temperature and
pressure. - 96. volume - the amount of space occupied by
matter. - 97. mass - the amount of matter in an object.
- 98. solid - state of matter in which a
substance has definite shape and volume......
119Lesson 15 -Separating a Soluble and an Insoluble
Substance
- You will focus on two separation techniques that
relate to solubility filtration evaporation. - You will use a filter to determine which
substances will pass through. - You will also conduct an investigation to
separate the soluble from the insoluble parts of
rock salt.
120Lesson 15 -
Question
- How can you separate soluble and insoluble
components of a mixture?
121Lesson 15
Hypothesis
122Lesson 15
Procedure
123Lesson 15
Results
124- 15.1 Filtering a Solution
125Lesson 15 -
Conclusion
- Filtration can be used to show that insoluble
substances will not pass through a filter. - Solutions (the solvent and the solvent) will pass
through a filter. - Evaporation can be used to recover a solid from a
solution. - The rate of evaporation could be increased by
heating, increasing the surface area, or
increasing airflow over the surface of the
solution. Dissolving the solute in the least
amount of solvent greatly reduces evaporation
time.
126 Lesson 15 - (1-2)
Vocabulary
- 99. filtration - the process of separating a
solid and a liquid by passing a mixture of the
two through a mesh or filter paper. - 100. evaporation - change from liquid to a gas
at or below the boiling point. - 101. characteristic property - an attribute
that can be used to help identify a substance
not affected by the amount of shape of a
substance.
127Lesson 15 - (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 102. liquid - state of matter in which a
substance has a definite volume but no definite
shape takes shape of container. - 103. sedimentation - the process by which a
solid settles out from a solid/liquid mixture. - 104. solution - a homogeneous mixture of a
solvent and solute.
128Lesson 16 -Researching Solvents
- You will conduct an investigation to show how
solvents can remove stains.
129Lesson 16 -
Question
- How effective are various solvents at removing
stains from different sources?
130Lesson 16
Hypothesis
131Lesson 16
Procedure
132Lesson 16
Results
133(No Transcript)
134Lesson 16 -
Conclusion
- Water and other liquids can act as solvents.
- Solubility depends on the nature of the solute
and the solvent.
135Lesson 16 -
Vocabulary
- 105. solvent - the substance that the solute
is dissolved in the substance present in the
larger proportion.
136Lesson 17 - Separating Solutes
- You will use paper chromatography to separate
solutes and to compare the dyes found in
different colored inks.
137- Complete Inquiry 17.1. Draw your results.
138Lesson 17 -
Question
- What does the separation technique of paper
chromatography indicate about an ink solution?
139Lesson 17
Hypothesis
140Lesson 17
Procedure
141Lesson 17
Results
142- Use Student Sheet 17.1, 17.2, and 17.3.
143 Lesson 17 - (1-2)
Conclusion
- Ink is made up of several dyes of different
colors that are dissolved in water. - Chromatography is a technique used to analyze
solutions. - Solutes in the ink must be soluble in the solvent
and contained in the beaker for the chromatogram
to be produced. - Different solutes move through paper at different
speeds. As the solution moves up the paper, the
various components of the solution separate out
and occupy distinct areas on the paper.
144Lesson 17 - (2-2)
Conclusion
- Less soluble dyes move slower that more soluble
dyes. The faster moving, more soluble dyes will
eventually separate. - The characteristic properties of each solute
determine the way in which that solute separated
from a mixture of solutes in a solution. - Chromatography does not separate colors it
separates solutes. - Chromatography is often used to separate
colorless substances.
145Lesson 17 - (1-2)
Vocabulary
- 106. chromatography - a process used to separate
different solutes from a solution by passing them
through a medium. - 107. adsorption - a thin layer of molecules
from a substance attaches to the surface of a
solid. - 108. absorption - one substance penetrates into
the inner structure of another.
146Lesson 17 - (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 109. sorption - the process of being taken up
and held by either absorption or adsorption. - 110. desorption - the reverse of sorption
- 111. solute - the substance that dissolves in
a solvent.
147Lesson 18 - Changing Mixtures
- You will investigate how adding salt affects the
melting and boiling points of water. - You will also investigate the melting points of
three different tin alloys.
148Lesson 18 -
Question
- How do the properties of a mixture differ from
the properties of the individual components of
the mixture? - Does adding salt change the melting point and
boiling point of water? - Do all metal alloys have the same melting point?
149Lesson 18
Hypothesis
150Lesson 18
Procedure
151Lesson 18
Results
152- Use Student Sheet 18.1, 18.2, and 18.3.
153Lesson 18 -
Conclusion
- The properties of a mixture can be very different
from the properties of the individual components
that make up the mixture. - Adding salt to ice lowers the melting point. The
change in the melting point of a solvent is
directly proportional to the amount of solute in
the mixture. - The boiling point of water rises when salt is
added to water because solute particles interfere
with the evaporation of a solvent. - An alloy is a mixture that contains at least one
metal.
154 Lesson 18 -
(1-3)
Vocabulary
- 112. alloy - solutions of solid metals
- 113. solder - used to join together metal
materials - 114. boiling point - temp. at which a liquid
turns into a gas depends on air pressure - 115. freezing point - temp. at which liquid
turns to a solid. - 116. melting point - temp. at which a solid
turns into a liquid same temp. as freezing
point.
155 Lesson 18 - (2-3)
Vocabulary
- 117. material - substance from which something
is made - 118. metal - group of elements usually hard
solids have common characteristics - shiny, good
conductivity, and malleability. - 119. mixture - two or more elements or
compounds that are mixed together but are not
chemically combined - 120. pure substance - either an element of a
compound
156Lesson 18 - (3-3)
Vocabulary
- 121. solubility - the amount of solute that
will dissolve in a solvent at a given temp. and
pressure the ability of one substance to
dissolve in another. - 122. solvent - the substance in a solution
that dissolves the solute the substance present
in the larger proportion. - 123. solute - the substance that dissolves in
a solvent the substance in the smaller
proportion - 124. temperature - the measurement of how hot
something is
157Lesson 19 - Assessing Our Progress
- You will investigate a variety of mixtures.
158Lesson 19 -
Question
- What are the physical properties of substances
that make up a mixture?
159Lesson 19
Hypothesis
160Lesson 19
Procedure
161Lesson 19
Results
162Lesson 19 -
Conclusion
- Physical properties can be used to identify the
substances that make up a mixture.
163Lesson 19 -
Vocabulary
- 125. mixture - two or more elements or
compounds that are mixed together but are not
chemically combined.
164Lesson 20 - Breaking Down a Compound
- You will use electrolysis to break down water.
165Lesson 20 -
Question
166Lesson 20
Hypothesis
167Lesson 20
Procedure
168Lesson 20
Results
169 170Lesson 20 - (1-2)
Conclusion
- Water is a compound made of the elements hydrogen
and oxygen. - Elements are pure substances that cannot be
broken down. - Compounds are pure substances made of more than
one element. - Some pure substances are composed of two or more
pure substances combined.
171Lesson 20 - (2-2)
Conclusion
- Compounds of pure substances can be decomposed by
a chemical reaction. - The elements in compounds are combined in fixed
proportions.
172Lesson 20 - (1-2)
Vocabulary
- 126. element - a substance that cannot be broked
down into other substances by chemical or
physical means - 127. compound - a pure substance consisting of
two or more elements combined - 128. electrolyte - a solution or liquid that
conducts electricity - 129. electrode - rods placed in an electrolyte.
173Lesson 20 - (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 130. electrolysis - the process of passing an
electrical current through a liquid to decompose
compounds into their constituent elements. - 131. liquid - a state of matter in which a
substance has a definite volume but no definite
shape take shape of container. - 132. pure substance - either an element of a
compound has definite chemical and physical
properties.
174Lesson 21 - Examining and Grouping Elements
- You will study the characteristics of 25 element
samples and look at how they are grouped on the
Periodic Table.
175Lesson 21 -
Question
- What properties of elements can be used in
grouping elements?
176Lesson 21
Hypothesis
177Lesson 21
Procedure
178Lesson 21
Results
179Lesson 21 - Examining and Grouping Elements
180Lesson 21 -
Conclusion
- Elements are grouped according to similar
chemical and physical properties. - The Periodic Table is used in predicting the
chemical and physical properties of elements. - Each element can be identified by its
characteristic properties.
181 Lesson 21 - (1-2)
Vocabulary
- element - a substance that cannot be broken
down into other substances by chemical or
physical means. - isotope - an atom that has the same number of
protons as other atoms of the same element do but
has a different number of neutrons sum of
neutrons and protons. - 135. reactivity - the readiness of a substance
to react chemically.
182Lesson 21 - (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 136. conductivity - able to allow electricity or
heat to pass through - 137. compound - a pure substance consisting of
two or more elements combined - 138. conductor - carries electricity or heat
- 139. magnetic - a substance that is attracted to
a magnet.
183Lesson 22 - Combining Elements
- You will examine four substances and determine
how they fit into two groups metals and
nonmetals.
184Lesson 22 -
Question
- What are the two main groups of elements?
- What happens when elements combine?
185Lesson 22
Hypothesis
186Lesson 22
Procedure
187Lesson 22
Results
188Lesson 22 - Combining Elements
- Draw Venn diagram from Student Sheet 22.1.
- Use Student Sheet 22.2.
189Lesson 22 -
Conclusion
- The two major groups of elements are metals and
nonmetals. - Elements combine to form new substances.
- Compounds are substances formed by a chemical
reaction between two or more elements. - Chemical reactions can be represented by
equations.
190Lesson 22 - (1-2)
Vocabulary
- 140. chemical equation - a representation of a
chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the
relationship between the reactants and products. - 141. chemical reaction - any change that
involves the formation of a new substance has
reactants and products.
191 Lesson 22 - (2-2)
Vocabulary
- 142. compound - a pure substance consisting of
two or more elements combined by chemical bonds - 143. element - a substance that cannot be
broken down into other substances by chemical or
physical means - 144. reactant - the starting substances in a
chemical reaction. - 145. product - a substance formed by a
chemical reaction
192Lesson 23 - Chemical Reactions
- You will combine four different metals with
hydrogen chloride and look for the reactivity of
the metals. You will also compare the corrosion
of different metals.
193Lesson 23 -
Question
- Why are some elements more reactive than others?
194Lesson 23
Hypothesis
195Lesson 23
Procedure
196Lesson 23
Results
197- Use Student Sheet 23.1 and 23.2.
198Lesson 23 -
Conclusion
- Some metals are more reactive than others.
- The reactivity of metals determines how they can
be used. - Metals on the right side of the periodic table
are less reactive than the other elements. - Exothermic reactions give off heat.
- Corrosion is a chemical reaction that causes the
disintegration of a substance
199Lesson 23 -
Vocabulary
- 146. reactivity - the readiness of a substance
to react chemically. - 147. corrosion - a chemical reaction, usually
between a metal and the air. - 148. chemical reaction - any change that
involves the formation of a new substance - 149. metals - a group of elements that are
usually hard solids and that have common
characteristics shiny, good conductivity, and
malleability. - 150. smelting - the process by which a metal is
extracted from ore usually involves heating the
ore, usually with a source of carbon
200Lesson 24 - Countering Corrosion
- You will compare different substances that
prevent rusting from occurring.
201Lesson 24 -
Question
- What causes rusting and how can it be prevented?
202Lesson 24
Hypothesis
203Lesson 24
Procedure
204Lesson 24
Results
205 206Lesson 24 -
Conclusion
- Rusting occurs when iron is exposed to oxygen.
- Rusting is a chemical reaction with reactants and
products.
207Lesson 24 -
Vocabulary
- 151. metals - a group of elements that are
usually hard solids and that have common
characteristics shiny, good conductivity, and
malleability. - 152. corrosion - a chemical reaction, usually
between a metal and the air (ex. - rusting) - 153. density - the mass of a known volume of a
subtance measured in g/cm3. (m/v)
208Lesson 25 - Mass and Chemical Reactions
- You will place an effervescent tablet in water in
an open container and in a closed container. You
will measure the mass before and after adding the
tablet to see if the law of conservation of mass
can be applied to chemical reactions.
209Lesson 25 -
Question
- What happens to the mass of matter in a chemical
reaction when one of the products is a gas?
210Lesson 25
Hypothesis
211Lesson 25
Procedure
212Lesson 25
Results
213 214Lesson 25 -
Conclusion
- In a chemical reaction, the mass of the reactants
and the mass of the products is the same. - The conservation of mass is demonstrated in a
closed system.
215Lesson 25 -
Vocabulary
- 154. burning - a rapid chemical reaction between
a substance and a gas that produces heat and
light most burning takes place in the air and
has oxygen as one of its reactants. - 155. chemical reaction - any change that
involves the formation of a new substance has
reactants and products. - 156. mass - the amount of matter in an object
- 157. phase - solids, liquids, and gases are
the three phases or states of matter - 158. product - a substance formed by a
chemical reaction. - 159. reactant - the starting substances in a
chemical reaction. - 160. solid - a phase or state of matter in
which a substance has definite shape and volume.
216Lesson 26
End of Module Assessment