Title: The term LASER is an acronym for the Light Amplification by
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- The term LASER is an acronym for the Light
Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
3Definition of Laser
- (from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia web
page is) - LASER? is an optical source that emits
photons in a coherent beam. Laser light is
typically near-monochromatic, i.e. consisting of
a single wavelength or hue, and emitted in a
narrow beam. This is in contrast to common light
sources, such as the incandescent light bulb,
which emit incoherent photons in almost all
directions, usually over a wide spectrum of
wavelengths. Laser action is understood by
application of quantum mechanics and
thermodynamics theory. - The verb "to lase" means "to produce coherent
light" or possibly "to cut or otherwise treat
with coherent light".
4- LASER can be considered to be a form of light
amplifier, - it behave according to the basic laws of light
and it has the next characteristics - - it travels in straight lines with a constant
velocity in space - - it can be located inside the electromagnetic
spectrum according to its wavelength or
frequency - - it present a particular chromatic purity
- - it can be transmitted
- - it can be reflected
- - it can be refracted
- - it can be absorbed
- - it has the capacity of transmitting energy
without loss through the air, it present a
spatial and temporal coherence - - the LASER can be used both as unitary impulses
and under continuous form.
5- The LASER beam was invented by the physicist
MAIMAN in 1960 - Soon after this discovery, it has been regarded
as one of the most influential technological
achievements of the 20th century - rapidly appeared a range of utilization for it
from microscopic diode lasers, and the use in
endoscopy and surgery technologies or like
bar-code readers at supermarket check-outs or
football field sized neodynium glass lasers used
for inertial confinement fusion.
6- "a solution looking for a problem"
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9Classification of lasers (1, 2 3A, 3B and 4)
according to the degree of potential hazard
- Class 1 devices are considered to be safe and no
special precautions need to be taken when using
them. - Class 1 devices include bar-code readers, CD
players and laser pointers. - Class 4 devices are the most hazardous and
require strict safety procedures to ensure their
safe use. Such devices include surgical lasers. - Most therapeutic lasers are class 3B devices.
10List with Laser utilization
- Spectroscopy,
- Photochemistry,
- Laser cooling,
- Nuclear fusion,
- Microscopy,
- Military purpose defensive applications,
satellites, target designator, - Holographic techniques,
- Geology, seismology,
- Astronomy telescopes
- Biochemistry domein,
- Laser pointers,
- Guidance systems guidance for aircraft,
- Industrial and commercial purpose cutting and
peening of metals and other material, engraving
of printing plates, - Sisteme de ghidare îndrumare si conducere de la
sol pentru traficul aerian, - LIDAR for pollution monitoring,
- Optical communications (over optical fiber or in
free space), - 3D laser scanners,
- In consumer electronics to store and retrieve
data in compact discs and DVDs and
magneto-optical discs CD player, DVD player, - etc.
11LASER in medical domain
- Dermatology removing tattoos, scars, stretch
marks, sunspots, wrinkles, birthmarks, and hairs, - Dental procedures caries removal,
endodontic/periodontic procedures, tooth
whitening, and oral surgery, - Endoscopies,
- Eye Surgery,
- "No-Touch" removal of tumors, especially of the
brain and spinal cord, - Photocoagulation,
- Angioplasty and mechanisms of laser
revascularization, - Fluorescence spectroscopy,
- Electrocauterization,
- Gynecological, urology (Lithotripsy), for
laparoscopic interventions, - Acupuncture,
- Physiotherapy,
- Etc.
12Spectral output of several categories by type of
LASER
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14Common several types of laser types with a
spectral output
15Types of medical lasers, according the intensity
of emission
- a) Power LASER - it has a strong emission, is
only used in surgery they are used to cut,
coagulate and evaporate tissues, they can replace
the scalpel of the surgeon, this are ,,Hot
laser, it deliver power up to thousands of
watts, for removal of unhealthy tissue without
damaging the healthy tissue that surrounds it. - b) Mild LASER - with medium emission, is used for
treatment of deeper tissues - c) Soft LASER - with weak emission, acts only at
the surface (dermathology).
16More recently have been adopted the terms of
- Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT),
- Low Intensity Laser Therapy (LILT).
- LLLT devices are typically delivering 10mW -200mW
(0.2 ? 0.01 Watts).
17Until now the LASER biological known effects on
the tissues are
- - an analgesic effect be the stimulation of the
endorphin system, a physiological morphinic
complex present in various areas of the organism,
especially in the central nervous system. - - increase of the temperature and a change in
tissue structure, - - anti-inflammatory action that is noticed in
arthritis and especially tendonitis cases - - spasmolytic effect in local vascular disorders
in particular - - a biostimulating effect in the sense growth
stimulation of cartilaginous cells of the hyaline
articular cartilage - - shortening of the duration of wound
cicatrisation - - braking effect on proteolytic enzymes and
stimulation of cell energetic metabolism
18Medical device use in therapy
- The device use for medical therapy has
- a single emitter the beam is usually narrow
(Æ1mm-6 or 7mm) at the source level - a cluster of several emitters usually
incorporate both higher and lower power emitters
of different wavelengths
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20LLLT when applied to the body tissues
- The generation of heat ?perturb local electron
orbits ? and the result/ mechanisms on the cell
membrane - Initiate chemical change,
- Disrupt molecular bonds and
- Produce free radicals.
21How does LASER work?
- The LASER effect at the cellular level, in vivo
situation, is not complete and it is not very
well know , - studies are conducted for the research of all
this effects, and it is far away to be completed.
22Several of the exceptional curative effects of
Laser therapy consist of
- Increased cell metabolism
- Altered cell motility, cell membrane potentials,
cell potentials and proliferation, - Activation of phagocytes,
- Increased cellular metabolism,
- Improved localized blood circulation
- Development of collagen and muscle tissue
- Relief from acute and chronic pain
- Reduced localized inflammation and edema
- Stimulation for wound healing and tissue repair
- Stimulation of the immune system stimulate the
macrophages, - Stimulation of nerve function
- Activation and proliferation of fibroblasts,
- Altered endogenous opioid production,
prostaglandin production.
23Dose Calculations
- Energy Density is measured in units of Joules per
square centimeter (J/cm2). - Relatively a lot of apparatus offer 'on board'
calculations of this dose, at the same time as
other apparatus necessitate that the operator to
make some simple calculations based on several
considerations - output power (Watts)
- irradiation area (cm2)
- time (seconds)
24Generality
- ? Most authorities suggest that the ENERGY
DENSITY per TREATMENT SESSION should generally
reduce in the range of 0.1 - 12.0 J/cm2 despite
the fact that there are some recommendations
which go up to 30 J/cm2. - ? It has been until that time recommended that a
maximal (single treatment) dose of 4 J/cm2 should
not be exceeded. - ? Lower doses should be applied to the more acute
lesions which would appear to be more energy
sensitive. - ? Treatment time for the laser portion is
typically between 4 and 12 minutes.
25Tratamentul cu LLLT
- ? It has been establish that LLLT to offer
superior healing and pain relieving effects
compared to other electrotherapeutic modalities,
especially in the early stages of acute injuries,
and for chronic problems. - ? LLLT is a universal method of treating muscle,
tendon, ligament, connective tissue, bone and
skin tissue with one simple piece of equipment,
however, the best results are achieved when it is
used to complement other treatment modalities! - ? Importantly for athletes, LLLT is a
non-invasive, drug-free modality that can be
applied on competition day without risking
disqualification by drug testing!
26 Can also be used for Acupuncture Point
stimulation, an alternative to needles for
acupunctures,
27Indications
- ? Acute (traumatic) pain /chronic pain,
- ? Painful trigger points,
- ? Inflammatory arthropathies, shoulder humerus
periarthritis, - ? Degenerative rheumatism, osteoarthritis,
- ? Acne, eczema,
- ? Inflammation of skin conditions,
- ? Non-healing ulcers, scars and keloids, wounds
and burns, - ? Fibromyalgia,
- ? Lymph edema,
- ? Migraines,
- ? Sinusitis, tonsillitis,
- ? Meniere's Disease,
- ? Post herpetic neuralgia,
- ? Trigeminal Neuralgia,
- ? Dental procedures for releasing pain,
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29Indications
- ? Tinnitus,
- ? Vertigo, Carpal tunnel syndrome,
- ? Sports injuries, traumatic and posttraumatic
disorders - Contusions,
- Myalgias,
- Luxations,
- Arhtralgias,
- Tendinitis,
- Tennis/golfer elbow,
- ? Etc.
30? Usually, in the case of a open wound, the
treatment program could be thus
- Treat to the floor of the ulcer / pressure sore /
wound, - Typically up to 2 J/cm2,
- Also treat edge/periphery,
- Typically up to 4 J/cm2.
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33 LILT
- In the case of different soft tissue injury LILT
is a fairly widespread with at the same time
excellent and poor reported results. - The poor/ less effective results appear
because - - incorrect doses,
- - use of laser therapy for injuries that are
simply beyond the reach of the energy delivered. - ? LILT is proving useful in a wide variety of
painful conditions in the head and neck but the
next are scrupulous applications - Painful Ulcerative Conditions,
- Temporomandibular Joint Pain Dysfunction,
- Post Herpetic Neuralgia,
- Trigeminal Neuralgia,
- Pain of Advanced Oro-Facial Cancer.
34 35Contraindications of LASER therapy are
- ? Class 3B LASER pose a significant ocular hazard
?never treat the eye or areas near the eyes, - ? Tumours/ Suspected malignancies ? laser therapy
affects tissue repair and could therefore
encourage growth, - ? Area that have received radiotherapy treatment
during the last six months, - ? Area with thrombosis and impaired circulation,
- ? Hemorrhage ? appear the risk of increased
bleeding, including recently controlled bleeding
and haematoma, - ? Coagulation disorders
36Contraindications of LASER therapy are
- ? Pregnancy ? treatment over the pregnant uterus
could affect rapidly dividing cells, - ? Patients with chronic pain have reported
increased tiredness for a brief period, and
long-standing pain ? conditions may transiently
increase. - ? Areas of impaired sensation.
- ? Infections ? increase the risk of spreading the
infection, - ? Hemophilia,
37Laser safety
- ? One shall observe the warnings on the use of
laser in an area!
38Laser safety
- ? Even low-power lasers with output power of a
few mill watts can be dangerous to a person's
eyesight. - ? In the case of use of laser therapy is
recommended that both therapist and patient to
wear protection spectacles that will protect from
burning and permanent damage of the retina.
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44LASERUL ÎN ESTETICA
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