A TIMELINE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY

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A TIMELINE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY
A TIMELINE OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY

• BY AASHANTAA LOWE
• AP US HISTORY PER 4
• 5-20-06

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CRISPUS ATTUCKS was a Bostonion killed at the
Boston Massacre.
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HARRIET ROSS TUBMAN HELPED MORE THAN 300 SLAVES
ESCAPE TO FREEDOM
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DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST
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THE BEGINNING OF SLAVERY 1492-1865
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1441-1481
1441- Captain Goncalvez marked the direct
involvement in the African slave trade with
Europe.
1441-1444 First time slave voyages netting 49
slaves form African gold coast to Portugal
1481 Elmina castle which was a slave fortress is
built on the African gold coast by Portuguese
Red line Portuguese slave routes
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1492

• Negro servants , slaves, and explorers came to
  the New World with the first Spanish and French
  explorers. Pedro Alonso Nino of Columbus crew is
  identified as a Negro by some scholars. Negroes
  were also with Balboa, Ponce De Leon, Pizarro and
  Menendez.

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1502

• During Columbuss last voyage, Diego el Negro who
  was black was one of the crew members on the
  Capitana.

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1526

• Negro slaves in the first settlement in the
  United states, a Spanish colony, revolted and
  fled to the Indians.

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1538

• Estevancio, considered the greatest African
  American explorer, led an expedition from Mexico
  and discovered what today is now Arizona and New
  Mexico.

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1565

• Menendez De Aviles, founded the city of St.
  Augustine, Florida. Making it the first
  establishment in the New World. Living on this
  establishment were African slaves.

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1619-1624

• Approximately 20 blacks are bought from a Dutch
  slaver as indentured workers, for the English
  settlement of James town. They are the first
  Africans in the North American colonies.

1624 William Tucker, first Negro born in English
America, and is baptized in Jamestown.
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1626-1641

• First African slaves arrive in New Amsterdam
• 1634
• Slavery is introduced in Maryland
• 1641
• Massachusetts permits slavery of Indians, Whites,
  and Negroes.

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1641-1651

• Mathias De Sousa, an African indentured servant
  is elected to Marylands general assembly.
• 1642
• Virginia passes fugitive slave law.
• 1650
• Connecticut legalizes slavery
• 1651
• Anthony Johnson, a free African American, imports
  several enslaved Africans .

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1652

• Massachusetts enacts a law requiring all Indian
  and African slaves to undergo military training
  to be able to defend the colony in the time of
  war.
• - first law against slavery enacted in Rhode
  Island.
• 1656
• In fear of a slave uprising Massachusetts
  prohibits blacks form training as militia.

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1663

• First serious slave conspiracy in colonial
  America uncovered.
• 1664
• Interracial marriages banned
• 1688
• First formal protest against slavery in the
  Western Hemisphere made by Germantown Quakers.
• 1690
• All English colonies in America have slaves.

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1704-1739

• School for Negro slaves opened in New York by
  Elias Neau, a Frenchman.
• 1712
• Slave revolt in New York, 9 whites killed, 21
  slaves executed.
• 1739
• Slave revolt in South Carolina, 25 whites
  executed.

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1741-1770

• Series of suspicions lead to 31 slave executions
  and 5 whites.
• 1750- Crispus Attucks, escapes from his masters
  in Massachusetts.
• 1762- James Derham, a born slave recognized as
  the first Negro physician in America
• 1770- Crispus Attucks was the first of five
  persons killed in the Boston Massacre
• 1773- First Negro Baptist church organized at
  Silver Bluff, South Carolina.
• 1775- first abolition society in the U.s
  organized.
• Negro and white minutemen fought at Lexington and
  Concord

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1775

• Negro patriots participated in first aggressive
  action of American forces. Ethan Allan Greene
  captures fort Ticonderoga with the mountain boys.
• Negro soldiers fought at the battle of Bunker
  hill, Peter Salem was considered a hero. Later
  laws were passed banning the recruitment of
  Negroes.
• General George Washington ordered recruiting
  officers to recruit Negroes regardless.

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1776-1777

• Declaration of independence adopted July 4.
• 1777- Vermont becomes the first state to abolish
  slavery.

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1787

• Richard Allen and Absalom Jones organized
  Philadelphias Free African Society.
• Continental congress excluded slavery from
  Northwest territory
• Constitution approved by delegates with three
  clauses protecting slavery.
• First free school in New York City, the African
  Free School.

RICHARD ALLEN
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1790

• Negro population 757,208.
• Jean Baptise Point Du Sable, made the first
  permanent settlement at Chicago.
• 1791- commander Touissant l overture led the
  Haitian revolution against the French
• 1793- first fugitive slave law enacted by
  congress.
• 1794- Eli Whitney patens the cotton gin
• 1797- Congress refuse to accept first ever
  recorded petition by American Negroes.
• Sojourner Truth born a slave Hurley, New York

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1800

• Negro population 1,002,037
• John Brown is born Torrington, Conn.
• Nat Turner is born Southampton, Va.
• 1804-Jean Jacques Dessalines proclaims
  independence of Haiti.
• Ohio enacts first black laws
• JOHN BROWN BECAME THE FIRST BLACK EVER TO SET
  FOOT IN SAN DIEGO
• 1805- Benjamin Banneker dies
• William Lloyd Garrison born Newburyport, Mass.
• 1807- President Jefferson signs bill which bans
  the slave trade

BENJAMIN BANNEKER 1731-1805
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1809

• Abraham Lincoln born Hardin County, Ky
• Negro population 1,377,808
• 1812- Negroes fought on land and water in the war
  of 1812.

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1812

• Two battalions of Negro soldiers were with Andrew
  Jackson when he defeated the British at the
  battle of New Orleans.

THE BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS DEC.1814- JAN. 1815
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1817
JOHN RUSSWURM

• Fredrick Douglas born a slave
• 1818-Andrew Jackson defeats a force of Indians
  and Negroes at Battle of Suwannee.
• 1820-Missouri Compromise enacted prohibiting
  slavery to the north of Missouris southern
  border
• 1822- Denmark Veseys plot for a revolt
  discovered. 131 Negroes arrested, 4 whites, 37
  hanged
• 1826- John Russwurm, becomes first Negro college
  graduate

1799-1851
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1827
NAT TURNER 1800-1831

• First Negro newspaper, Freedoms Journal,
  published
• Slavery abolished in New York
• 1831-William Lloyd Garrison prints first issue of
  Liberator
• Nat Turner revolt kills 60 whites. Nat Turner was
  later hanged.
• 1834- Slavery abolished in British Empire.

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1838

• Mirror of Liberty, first Negro magazine
  published in New York by David Ruggles.
• Fredrick Douglas escapes from slavery.

A COPY OF DAVID RUGGLES WORK RUGGLES 1810 - 1849
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1847

• Dred Scott case begins in St. Louis.
• Fredrick Douglas publishes the first issues of
  North Star
• 1848-NATHANIEL HARRISON BECAME THE FIRST
  PERMENANT RESIDENT IN SAN DIEGO
• 1849- Harriet Tubman escapes slavery and returns
  19 times freeing more than 300 slaves

FREDRICK DOUGLAS 1817- 1895
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1850

• Negro population 3,638,808
• Fugitive slave Act passed as part of the
  Compromise of 1850.
• 1852- First editions of Uncle Toms Cabin, are
  issued.
• 1854- Lincoln University the first Negro college
  established.
• Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed Missouri Compromise,
  opened northern territory to slavery.
• 1855- John Mercer Langston becomes first Negro to
  win elective office.

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1856
DREDD SCOTT

• Booker T. Washington is born a slave Franklin
  county,Va.
• 1857- Dred Scott decision by U.S Supreme Court
  opened federal territory to slavery and denied
  citizenship to American Negroes.
• 1858- The Escape, first play by a Negro
  published.

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1859

• John Brown attacks Harpers Ferry, Va., with 13
  white men and 5 Negroes . John Brown was later
  captured and hanged.
• 1860- Negro population 4,441,830
• Abraham Lincoln elected president
• 16 Negro soldiers received Congressional Medals
  of Honor during civil war.

JOHN BROWN
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1861

• Secretary of the navy authorizes enlistment of
  Negroes.
• 1862- President Lincoln recommends to congress
  gradual compensated emancipation.

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1862

• Congress allows the enlistment of blacks in the
  Union Army.
• President Lincoln submits draft of Emancipation
  Proclamation to his cabinet.
• 1863- President Lincoln signs the Emancipation
  Proclamation
• 1865- The 13th amendment, outlawing slavery, was
  passed by congress.
• 1866- Edward G. Walker and Charles L. Mitchell
  were the first blacks to sit in an American
  legislature.

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1866

• The Buffalo soldiers are created by congress.
• 1868- The South Carolina house became the first
  and only legislature to have a black majority
• The 14th amendment passed making black citizens
  of the United states.
• 1870- 15th ratified, which denied the right to
  vote for blacks.
• 1895-Booker T. Washington delivered the Atlanta
  Compromise

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THE BUFFALO SOLDIERS 1866
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1896

• In Plessy v. Ferguson the supreme court give
  legal baking to the concept of separate but equal
  facilities.
• 1905-W.E.B Du Bois leader of the meeting that
  sprung the Niagara movement
• 1910-National Urban League established
• 1918- First Pan- African congress met in Paris
  under W.E.B Du Bois guidance.

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1920

• Marcus Garvey is charged with mail fraud, he is
  convicted and deported after serving prison time.
• 1922- Beginning of Harlem Renaissance
• 1936- Jesse Owens wins four gold medals at summer
  Olympics in Berlin
• 1937- Joe Louis defeats James J. Braddock to
  become heavy weight champion of the world

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1940

• Benjamin O. Davis Sr., became the first black
  general in the United States Army.
• 1944- The United Negro College Fund.
• 1947- Jackie Robinson became the first black to
  play Major League Baseball.
• 1952- Tuskegee reports the first year without
  lynching

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1954

• Condoleeza Rice is born. She became Secretary of
  State for the president of the United States in
  2001.
• In Brown v. Board of education of Topeka Kansas,
  the supreme court completed overturning legal
  school segregation at all levels.
• 1955- Rosa parks refuses to change seats in a
  Montgomery, Alabama bus. This caused black all
  over Alabama to boycott the the bus system which
  continued shortly after 1956.
• 1957- Southern Christian leadership Conference
  was formed with Martin Luther King as president.
• 1963- Under Dr. Kings leadership blacks began to
  campaign against discrimination in Birmingham.
• The march on Washington was the biggest civil
  rights demonstration ever.
• 1964- Malcolm X announces his split form Elijah
  Muhammad's Nation Of Islam
• 1965- Malcolm X is assassinated by members of the
  Nation Of Islam.

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MALCOM X
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• The Black Panther Party was founded by the Huey
  P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, California.
• 1967- this was the worst summer for racial
  disturbances occurred.
• Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis,
  Tennessee.
• 1969- The Supreme Court ruled that racial
  segregation in schools must end.
• 1974- Henry Aaron hit his 715th homerun to become
  the all-time leading hitter of homeruns.
• 1983- President Ronald Regan signed a bill
  establishing January 20th a national holiday
  honoring Martin Luther King.
• Guion s. Bluford, Jr. was the first black
  astronaut to make a space flight.

1966
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1986

• The first national Martin Luther King Jr. holiday
  was celebrated.
• 1987- Fredrick Drew Gregory was the first black
  to command a space shuttle.

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1988

• 1988- Aashantaa Lowe was born September 30, 1988
  to LaSondra Lowe and LaJohn Vanreed in San Diego,
  California.
• 1988- Bill Cosby donates 20,000,000 to Spelman
  College. The largest donation ever made by a
  black.
• 1989- General Colin Powell was named chair of
  the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff.
• 1990- Nelson Mandela was freed from a South
  African prison after 25 years.
• 1991- Ronald Burris became the first black
  attorney general of Illinois.

AASHANTAA LOWE AUTHOR OF THIS TIME LINE
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1992

• The Cosby Show broadcast the final original
  episode of its highly successful eight season
  run.
• Jackie Joyner Kersee was the first woman to
  repeat as Olympic heptathlon champion.
• Mae C. Jemison was the first black woman in
  space.
• Carol Moseley Braun of Illinois was the first
  black woman ever elected to the United States
  Senate.

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1993

• M. Jocelyn Elders became the first black and the
  first woman United States Surgeon General.
• Toni Morrison was the first black American to win
  the Nobel Piece prize in Literature.
• 1995- The million man march was held in
  Washington D.C.
• 1997- Betty Shabazz widow of Malcolm X dies in
  fire in her apartment in New York.
• Black American women
• participated in the million woman march in
  Philadelphia.

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1998

• James Farmer 1 of 15 men awarded the medal of
  Freedom by president Clinton.
• New York Stock Exchange closed for the first time
  in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King.
• Track star Florence Griffith Joyner
• 1999- After 13 seasons and six NBA championships,
  professional basketball star Michael Jordan
  retired from the game.
• 2000- At Wimbledon, tennis player Venus Williams
  beats her sister to become the first black woman
  to win the womans title since Althea Gibson did
  in 1957-58
• 2001- Condoleeza Rice becomes Secretary of State.

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2002

• Halle Berry becomes the black woman to receive an
  Academy Award for the best actress and Denzel
  Washington becomes the second black man to win
  the best actor category.
• President George W. Bush awards comedian Bill
  Cosby and baseball player Hank Aaron the nations
  highest civilian honor, the Medal of Freedom.

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2003
REST IN PEACE

• Tony Dungy Herman Edwards and Marvin Lewis
  become the only black head coaches in the NFL.
• 2004- Carol Mosley Braun becomes the first
  African American senator.
• 2006- Rosa Parks dies
• Coretta Scott King dies
• Katherine Dunham famous black choreographer, and
  dancer dies

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TAY LOWE
TAY LOWE
TAY LOWE
TAY LOWE
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Bibliography

• www.google.com\
• www.yahoo.com
• www.gale.com/free_resources/bhm/timeline/
• www.faculty.washington.edu/qtaylor/aa_history_publ
  ic_/aatimeline_1600-1700.htm/
• www.enchantedlearning.com/history/us/aframer/timel
  ine.shtml/
• www.enchantedlearning.com/history/us/aframer/bios/
  index.shtml/
• Before The Mayflower by Lerone Bennett Jr.
  published 1962 by Johnson Publishing company

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Bibliography

• A Biographical History of Blacks in America Since
  1528 by Edgar A. Toppin published 1969 by the
  Christian Science Publishing Society.
• The Atlantic Slave Trade by Philip D. Curtain
  published 1969 by the University of Wisconsin
  Press.
• The Black Man And the Promise of America by
  Lettie J. Austin

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THATS ALL FOLKS