Aim/Goal: How did Mohandas Gandhi’s philosophy of civil disobedience lead to India’s independence? Do Now: What are the consequences of independence? Homework: Create an obituary for Gandhi.

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Aim/Goal How did Mohandas Gandhis philosophy
of civil disobedience lead to Indias
independence?Do Now What are the consequences
of independence?Homework Create an obituary
for Gandhi.
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Accomplishments

• Born October 2, 1869 - died January 30 1948
• Major political and spiritual leader of India
• Leader of the Indian Independence movement.
• Believed in Satyagraha, philosophy based on
  truth and non-violent resistance
• This philosophy was the way India gained
  independence
• Inspired movements for civil rights and freedom
  across the world.

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Gandhi as a young boy
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Accomplishments

• When he returned to India, he organized poor
  farmers and others to fight against
  discrimination and taxation.
• Leader of the Indian National Congress
• Led campaigns to end poverty, liberation of
  women, brotherhood among religions
• Wanted to end caste discrimination
• Swaraj, the independence of India from foreign
  domination.
• Salt March in 1930, a major peaceful protest to
  end British imperialism

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Biography

• In May 1883, at the age of 13, Gandhi was married
  through his parents' arrangements
• They had five children, the first of whom died in
  infancy.
• At the age of 18 on in 1888, Gandhi went to
  Britain to study law

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Gandhi and his wife
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The Vegetarian Society

• A group Gandhi became associated with while
  living in Britain
• He promised his mother that he would observe all
  Hindu traditions

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Biography

• After graduating from law school, he moved to
  South Africa to practice law.
• He encounters racism.
• Indians were not considered full human beings.
• Thrown out of a first-class railway compartment
  car, though he held a first-class ticket.
• This event leads him to be leader of the Indian
  community.

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Law career

• Practicing law in South Africa
• The skills he obtained in law school will help
  him in his quest for Indian independence.

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Philosophy

• Truth could only be attained through ahimsa
  (non-violence, love) and brahmacharya (celibacy,
  striving towards God). He was imprisoned numerous
  times in both South Africa and India.
• Gandhi practiced non-violence and truth, in all
  situations.
• He lived simply, organizing an ashram that was
  self-sufficient in its needs.
• Made his own clothes dhoti and shawl woven
• Vegetarian diet.
• He underwent long fasts, for both
  self-purification and protest.

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Homespun

• Gandhi encouraged Indians to be self sufficient.
  
• He believed the less dependent upon the British
  the more likely they were to gain their
  independence

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Peaceful Protest

• Britain instituted a new tax on Salt.
• Indians were outraged by this new tax.
• March 12 to April 6 Gandhi and his followers
  launched a peaceful protest
• The famous Salt March lasted for 248 miles from
  Ahmedabad to Dandi
• Thousands of Indians joined him on this march to
  the sea.
• This campaign was one of his most successful at
  upsetting British rule
• Britain responded by imprisoning over 60,000
  people.

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Return to Britain

• 1915 returns to India
• He only makes one trip outside of India.
• 1930 goes to Britain to discuss
• Independence
• Freedom for political prisoners
• Signs the Gandhi-Irwin pact that halts civil
  disobedience

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Assassination

• On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was shot and killed
  while having his nightly public walk
• The assassin, Nathuram Godse, was a radical
  Hindu
• Godse held Gandi responsible for weakening India
• Godse and his co-conspirator Naravan Apte were
  later tried, convicted they were executed on
  November 15, 1949
• Gandhis last words were "Oh God".

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India Grieves

• Jawaharlal Nehru radio address
• Friends and comrades, the light has gone out of
  our lives, and there is darkness everywhere, and
  I do not quite know what to tell you or how to
  say it. Our beloved leader, Bapu as we called
  him, the father of the nation, is no more.
  Perhaps I am wrong to say that nevertheless, we
  will not see him again, as we have seen him for
  these many years, we will not run to him for
  advice or seek solace from him, and that is a
  terrible blow, not only for me, but for millions
  and millions in this country.
• Why was Gandhi's death a terrible blow to India?

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The Legacy

• The legacy of Gandhi lives on. He has influenced
  such leaders as Martin Luther King, Jr. and
  Nelson Mandela.
• Both of these leaders have used his principles of
  civil disobedience as a way to enact change.

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Obituary a notice of the death of a person,
often with a biographical sketch, as in a
newspaper.

• Today, Ms. Barretta passed away. She was 95
  years old. She is survived by her two sons. Ms.
  Barretta was the worlds greatest social studies
  teacher. She had many accomplishments, one of
  which included a Masters degree in History.

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Your Task

• Write an obituary for Mohandas Gandhi.
• This will be collected.