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PIONEERS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

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Title: PIONEERS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION


1
PIONEERS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
2
Defining Terms
  • Early Childhood Education ECE includes ages
    birth through 8 years or infancy through third
    grade. Thus, it refers to group settings
    deliberately intended to effect developmental
    changes in children from birth to the age of
    entering first grade and continuing through third
    grade. (reference text, page 7)
  • Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP)
    Providing instructional programs that meet the
    childs needs, socially, cognitively, physically.

3
Influences from Abroad
  • Comenius Wrote the first picture book for
    children called Orbis Pictus (The World of
    Pictures, 1658).
  • He advocated learning based on the principles of
    naturedevelopment is from within so children
    should be allowed to learn at their own pace.
  • He also stressed the basic concept of learning
    by doing.
  • He is most noted for three significant
    contributions books with illustrations, an
    emphasis on education with the senses, and the
    social reform potential of education.

4
Historical Pioneers continued
  • Locke Based his theory of education on the
    scientific method. He theorized the concept of
    tabula rasa, the belief that the child is born
    neutral, rather than evil, and is a clean slate
    on which the experiences of parents, society,
    education, and the world are written. The
    purpose of education for Locke was to make man a
    reasoning creature.

5
Historical Pioneers continued
  • Rousseau He brought forth the idea that
    children were not inherently evil but naturally
    good.
  • He is best known for his book Emile
  • His ideas are still followed today in early
    childhood classes. Free play is based on his
    belief in childrens inherent goodness and
    ability to choose what they need to learn.
  • Concrete rather than abstract materials for
    children is still one of the cornerstones of
    developmentally appropriate curriculum in early
    childhood.

6
Historical Pioneers
  • Pestalozzi He, too, used nature study as a part
    of the curriculum and believed that good
    education meant the development of the senses.
  • He was pragmatic putting forth ideas and
    practices for teachers on educating and caring
    for the child.
  • He stressed the ideas of an integrated curriculum
    that would develop the whole child.
  • He wanted education to be of the hand, the head,
    and the heart of the child.

7
Historical Pioneers cont
  • Froebel He is known as the Father of
    Kindergarten not only for giving it a name but
    for devoting his life to the development of a
    system of education for young children.
  • The German word kindergarten means childrens
    garden.
  • He started his kindergarten in 1836 for children
    aged about 2-6.
  • He believed that play was the highest phase of
    child development.

8
Froebel cont
  • His kindergartens included blocks, pets, and
    fingerplays.
  • He developed the first educational toys which he
    termed gifts.

9
Historical Pioneers cont
  • Montessori First female physician in Italy
    worked with young children from the slums of
    Rome. They were poor and mentally retarded
    children.
  • She designed materials, classrooms, and learning
    methods for young children and proved that the
    children could achieve with proper motivation and
    environments.
  • Her materials were self-correcting and emphasized
    self-help skills.

10
Montessori cont
  • She focused on sequential steps of learning.
  • Her materials and approach to teaching and
    learning are widely used today.

11
Historical Pioneers cont
  • John Dewey was the first American influence on
    American education
  • Dewey believed that children were valuable and
    that childhood was an important part of their
    lives
  • He believed that programs for children should be
    child-centered
  • Children should have real-life experiences and
    programs should be set up so that children were
    allowed to make choices (They must learn to learn
    in a democratic society)

12
Expansion of Kindergarten in America
  • Margaretha Schurz, a student of Froebel, opened
    the first kindergarten in the United States in
    Wisconsin for German speaking children
  • Elizabeth Peabody opened the first English
    speaking kindergarten in Boston. She influenced
    William Harris, superintendent of schools in St.
    Louis. He allowed Susan Blow to open the first
    kindergarten public kindergarten in the U. S.
    (1837)
  • Patty Smith Hill of Teachers College, Columbia
    University was an innovator and a leader in the
    Progressive Movement. She wrote the song,
    Happy Birthday and founded the National
    Association for Nursery Education (NANE) now the
    National Association for the Education of Young
    Children (NAEYC)

13
Nursery Schools
  • Deweys philosophy was embraced (child-centered)
    and by the 1920s and 1930s nursery schools and
    day nurseries went beyond the health aspects.
    They fostered the childs total development.
  • Many of the early nursery schools were lab
    schools
  • Lucy Sprague Mitcehll established Bank Stree
    College of Education (and its lab)

14
Nursery Schools cont
  • Abigail Elliot work led to her helping to
    establish Pacific Oaks College where she
    integrated Froebels gifts, Montessoris
    equipment and the McMillans fresh air concept
  • McMillan Sisters - It is believed that Nursery
    School in the U.S. blossomed because of the
    dedicated work of these sisters.

15
Nursery Schools cont
  • The McMillans They opened clinic for children
    of the slums of England and later added
    education. Their theory of fresh air, sleep and
    bathing proved successful when the children of
    their school were not effected during an outbreak
    of the measles
  • This concept of nursery schools extended to the
    U.S.

16
Nursery Schools cont
  • Susan Isaacs influence is felt in schools today
    Her philosophy emphasized the childs point of
    view and the notionof play as the childs work.
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